【摘要】：人參是我國名貴中藥材,主產(chǎn)于我國吉林省地區(qū),因其忌地性極強,栽過一次人參的土壤要經(jīng)過幾年甚至十幾年才能再栽參,否則會導(dǎo)致人參腐爛,這已成為參業(yè)發(fā)展的限制因子。因此,改良參后地土壤質(zhì)量使其可供給人參連續(xù)生長,已成為我國科研工作者十分關(guān)注的問題。本試驗利用生物防治手段,通過對參后地土壤施加微生物菌劑的方法,來改良老參地土壤的質(zhì)量,提高土壤肥力,為解決人參的連作障礙問題提供一定的理論依據(jù)和基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。試驗共用4種不同的微生物菌劑:益生元重茬劑(A)、哈茨木霉菌劑(B)、“5406”菌劑(C)和多粘芽孢桿菌菌劑(D),每種微生物菌劑設(shè)3個濃度梯度,另設(shè)CK對照組,各處理重復(fù)3次,共設(shè)39個處理小區(qū),對各小區(qū)土壤進行容重、pH、電導(dǎo)率、有機質(zhì)、速效NPK、蔗糖酶、過氧化氫酶、脲酶、磷酸酶以及微生物群落多樣性等多項指標的測定,結(jié)合菌劑處理下各小區(qū)的人參產(chǎn)量,比較分析結(jié)果,篩選出對改良參后地土壤肥力水平較佳的菌劑及其濃度。實驗結(jié)果如下:物理性狀方面:各菌劑對參后地土壤的容重及總孔隙度有一定的影響,但處理間差異不顯著,表明微生物菌劑對容重及總孔隙度的改善無明顯效果。化學(xué)性質(zhì)方面:四種菌劑均能有效的提高土壤pH值,緩解土壤酸化狀況,但各菌劑隨濃度變化增長趨勢不一,菌劑A和菌劑C隨濃度的增長,pH值呈“∧”型變化趨勢,均是中濃度效果最佳,菌劑B和D變化趨勢則與之相反,隨著濃度的增加,pH值呈“V”字型變化趨勢,菌劑B是低濃度處理效果好,而菌劑D則是高濃度效果佳,4種菌劑相比較,對參后地土壤pH值提升最大,處理效果最好的是D3處理組;對電導(dǎo)率的影響效果,菌劑A、C、D均是隨著濃度的升高,電導(dǎo)率呈“V”字型變化趨勢,其中A菌劑是高濃度A3的電導(dǎo)率最強,而另兩者均是低濃度的效果最好,菌劑B隨濃度的增大電導(dǎo)率呈“∧”型變化趨勢,中濃度B2的處理效果最好;每種菌劑均能顯著增加土壤中有機質(zhì)的含量,但整體效果菌劑A和菌劑B較佳,濃度變化規(guī)律分別為A2A1A3,B2B1B3;各菌劑的濃度處理間對3種速效養(yǎng)分的影響差異較顯著,除菌劑C外,另3種菌劑均可以提高參后地土壤中堿解氮的含量,其中效果最好的是B2和A3處理組,四種菌劑均減少了土壤中速效磷的含量,但隨著濃度的增加,菌劑B和菌劑C中速效磷的含量逐漸增多,C3處理組的含量最接近CK,這與其所含微生物是解磷細菌有關(guān),各菌劑的各濃度處理均可顯著增加速效鉀的含量,其中效果最佳的是A3和C1處理組。土壤酶活性方面:四種菌劑均可顯著增強土壤蔗糖酶活性,但除了菌劑C,另3種菌劑均出現(xiàn)了高濃度抑制現(xiàn)象,均是中濃度效果較佳,菌劑C是隨著濃度的增大,酶活性逐漸增強,對蔗糖酶活性影響最佳的是菌劑B的中低濃度處理。各菌劑均可增強過氧化氫酶的活性,但菌劑A的中濃度A2和菌劑B的低濃度B1影響效果最佳。四種菌劑也均可增強脲酶的活性,與其對過氧化氫酶活性的影響相似,同樣是B1和A2的效果最佳。四種菌劑對磷酸酶活性影響較為顯著,均可顯著增加其含量,其中處理效果最好的是C3和B1處理組,菌劑C是隨著濃度的升高,效果逐漸加強,而菌劑B變化規(guī)律與其相反,隨濃度升高,酶活性受到抑制。綜合4種菌劑對上述指標的影響效果來看,400 g/m2的益生元重茬劑(A)和5 g/m2的哈茨木霉菌劑(B)的施入量對參后地土壤改良的效果最佳。
[Abstract]:Ginseng is a precious Chinese herbal medicine in China. It is mainly produced in Jilin Province of China. Because of its strong soil taboo, it takes several years or even more to plant ginseng once, otherwise it will cause the rot of ginseng, which has become a limiting factor for the development of ginseng industry. Therefore, improving the soil quality of ginseng after planting makes it possible for ginseng to grow continuously. In this experiment, the soil quality of old ginseng field was improved and the soil fertility was improved by applying microbial agents to the soil behind ginseng, which provided theoretical basis and basic data for solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng. Microbial agents: probiotic stubble agent (A), Trichoderma harzianum agent (B), microbial agent (C) 5406 and Bacillus polymyxa agent (D), each microbial agent set up three concentration gradients, another CK control group, each treatment repeated three times, a total of 39 treatment plots, soil bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, quick-acting NPK, sucrase, catalase, Urease, phosphatase, microbial community diversity and other indicators, combined with the ginseng yield of each plot under the treatment of microbial agents, comparative analysis results, screened for the improvement of soil fertility after ginseng better microbial agents and their concentrations. Chemical properties: the four microbial agents can effectively improve soil pH value and alleviate soil acidification, but the growth trend of each microbial agent is different with the concentration, bacterial agent A and microbial agent C with the concentration of the growth, pH value showed " The change trend of 87 The effect of bacterial agent A, C and D on the conductivity showed a V-shaped trend with the increase of concentration. Among them, bacterial agent A had the strongest conductivity with high concentration of A3, while the other two had the best effect with low concentration. The conductivity of bacterial agent B showed a -shaped trend with the increase of concentration, and the treatment effect with medium concentration of B2 was the best. Each microbial agent can significantly increase the content of organic matter in the soil, but the overall effect of microbial agent A and B is better, the concentration change law is A2A1A3, B2B1B3, respectively; the concentration of each microbial agent on three kinds of available nutrients were significantly different, in addition to microbial agent C, the other three microbial agents can increase the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil after the ginseng, which is effective. The best treatments were B2 and A3. All the four microbial agents reduced the content of available phosphorus in soil. However, with the increase of concentration, the content of available phosphorus in B and C increased gradually, and the content of available phosphorus in C3 was the closest to CK. This was related to the fact that the microorganism contained in B2 and A3 was a Phosphorus-releasing bacteria. Among them, A3 and C 1 treatments had the best effect. As for soil enzyme activity, all the four microbial agents could significantly enhance soil invertase activity, but all the other three microbial agents had high concentration inhibition except microbial agent C. The effect of medium concentration was better. Microbial agent C had the best effect on soil invertase activity with the increase of concentration and enzymatic activity. It is the medium and low concentration treatment of bacterial agent B. Each agent can enhance the activity of catalase, but the medium concentration A2 of bacterial agent A and the low concentration B1 of bacterial agent B have the best effect. The effect of C3 and B1 treatment was the best, and the effect of bacterial agent C was gradually strengthened with the increase of concentration, while the change rule of bacterial agent B was contrary to that of bacterial agent B. Enzyme activity was inhibited with the increase of concentration. And the dosage of 5 g/m2 of Trichoderma Trichoderma (B) had the best effect on soil improvement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S567.51;S158

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本文編號：2246795