不同膠結(jié)劑的黃綿土團(tuán)聚作用特征研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-14 18:05
【摘要】：本研究選用黃土高原典型土壤黃綿土,利用PAM、腐殖酸、殼聚糖、硫酸鋁4種不同的土壤膠結(jié)劑,對(duì)不同膠結(jié)劑含量下的不同粒徑的黃綿土表土和底土的團(tuán)聚體進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),研究其對(duì)黃綿土的結(jié)構(gòu)性、團(tuán)聚體的孔隙特征以及不同粒徑團(tuán)聚體上有機(jī)質(zhì)分布變化的效果及機(jī)理,主要結(jié)論如下:(1)4種膠結(jié)劑均可提高0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體的含量,增加土壤團(tuán)聚體的平均重量直徑,且兩者呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,具有改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu),提高土壤功能的作用。PAM在濃度0.1%培養(yǎng)2周時(shí),對(duì)全土和0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體的平均重量直徑等結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善效果達(dá)到顯著水平,但培養(yǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善作用不顯著;對(duì)1~0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善效果明顯,但對(duì)2~1 mm團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善在濃度0.2%以上或培養(yǎng)1個(gè)月以上效果才顯著,培養(yǎng)時(shí)間對(duì)2~1 mm、1~0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善作用明顯。腐殖酸對(duì)2~1 mm團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善效果,短時(shí)間下須在濃度0.4%以上才可達(dá)到顯著水平,但長(zhǎng)期培養(yǎng)時(shí)濃度0.1%下即可達(dá)到顯著的改良效果,改良效果隨時(shí)間變化不明顯;而對(duì)全土、1~0.25 mm和0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善中,效果隨著培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)呈顯著變化,對(duì)1~0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體而言,濃度0.2%培養(yǎng)2個(gè)月以上才能有顯著效果。殼聚糖對(duì)全土表土的結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善效果隨濃度梯度變化,隨培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)改良效果差異明顯。對(duì)2~1 mm和1~0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體而言,結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善隨時(shí)間變化顯著,0.1%濃度下培養(yǎng)2個(gè)月有明顯效果,0.2%濃度下只需培養(yǎng)1個(gè)月;0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征改善在濃度0.1%培養(yǎng)2周時(shí)就達(dá)到顯著水平。硫酸鋁對(duì)全土、2~1 mm和1~0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善效果隨著時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)變化明顯,對(duì)2~1 mm和1~0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善,需要培養(yǎng)2個(gè)月才能有效果;對(duì)0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)特征的改善效果不明顯。綜上所述,在供試濃度(0.1%~0.4%)條件下,不同膠結(jié)劑對(duì)土壤團(tuán)聚體結(jié)構(gòu)特征的作用效果表現(xiàn)為PAM腐殖酸殼聚糖硫酸鋁;0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體施用膠結(jié)劑后效果最好,其次是全土,2~1 mm和1~0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體效果比較差。這是因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)粒徑的團(tuán)聚體在培養(yǎng)過(guò)程中,小粒徑的團(tuán)聚體在有機(jī)質(zhì)等的作用下互相黏結(jié)在一起,形成大團(tuán)聚體,而大粒徑的團(tuán)聚體也有破碎為小團(tuán)粒的部分,兩者互相作用,總體變化不明顯。(2)施用4種膠結(jié)劑后,表土各粒徑團(tuán)聚體上有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量均顯著高于底層土壤,膠結(jié)劑對(duì)底土中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的增加效果更明顯,見(jiàn)效更快。施用PAM后,5~2 mm團(tuán)聚體上的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量隨培養(yǎng)時(shí)間增加而增加,濃度0.1%培養(yǎng)2周與對(duì)照相比即達(dá)到顯著水平;2~1 mm團(tuán)聚體培養(yǎng)2周有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的差異在濃度0.2%時(shí)才達(dá)到顯著水平,濃度0.1%培養(yǎng)2個(gè)月差異顯著;0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體上的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量在濃度0.2%培養(yǎng)4個(gè)月后與對(duì)照相比差異顯著,達(dá)到極值。施用腐殖酸后,5~2 mm團(tuán)聚體上的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量隨培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的變化并不顯著,濃度0.1%培養(yǎng)2周與對(duì)照相比有顯著差異;2~1 mm團(tuán)聚體培養(yǎng)2周時(shí)有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的差異在濃度0.2%時(shí)才達(dá)到顯著水平,濃度0.1%培養(yǎng)1個(gè)月差異顯著;0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體上的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量在濃度0.1%培養(yǎng)2周與對(duì)照相比差異顯著。施用殼聚糖后,5~2 mm團(tuán)聚體上的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量在不同培養(yǎng)時(shí)間下的差別并不大,濃度0.2%培養(yǎng)2周時(shí)與對(duì)照相比達(dá)到顯著水平,0.1%濃度時(shí)培養(yǎng)1個(gè)月差異顯著;2~1 mm團(tuán)聚體培養(yǎng)2周有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的差異在濃度0.4%才達(dá)到顯著水平,濃度0.1%培養(yǎng)1個(gè)月差異顯著;0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體上的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的差異在濃度0.1%培養(yǎng)2周與對(duì)照相比即達(dá)到顯著水平。由以上分析可知,4種膠結(jié)劑作用下的不同粒徑團(tuán)聚體上有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量隨膠結(jié)劑濃度的增大呈增加趨勢(shì),適宜的膠結(jié)劑濃度為0.2%~0.4%;適宜的培養(yǎng)時(shí)間為2個(gè)月;殼聚糖的綜合效果最好,作用顯著,其次為PAM,腐殖酸最差;5~2 mm和2~1 mm團(tuán)聚體上的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量明顯高于0.25 mm團(tuán)聚體。(3)4種膠結(jié)劑均可提高團(tuán)聚體的總孔隙度,增加通氣孔隙和狹長(zhǎng)孔隙的孔隙度,具有改善土壤通透性能的作用。PAM對(duì)團(tuán)聚體內(nèi)部孔隙特征及團(tuán)聚體的孔徑分布有很大影響,腐殖酸和硫酸鋁對(duì)團(tuán)聚體孔隙特征及孔徑分布的影響有限,殼聚糖降低了規(guī)則孔隙和毛管孔隙的孔隙度,效果顯著。短時(shí)間培養(yǎng)時(shí),PAM、腐殖酸、殼聚糖對(duì)團(tuán)聚體孔隙均能起到良好的改善作用,硫酸鋁培養(yǎng)1個(gè)月后才有效果。
[Abstract]:In this study, loessial soil samples from the Loess Plateau were cultured with PAM, humic acid, chitosan and aluminium sulfate as soil cements. The structure, pore characteristics and aggregates of loessial soil samples were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) All the four cements can increase the content of 0.25 mm aggregates and the average weight diameter of soil aggregates, and there is a positive correlation between them, which can improve the soil structure and improve the soil function. The improvement of structure characteristics such as average weight and diameter reached a significant level, but the effect of culture time on structure characteristics was not significant; the improvement of structure characteristics of 1-0.25 mm aggregates was obvious, but the improvement of structure characteristics of 2-1 mm aggregates was only significant when the concentration was above 0.2% or the culture time was more than 1 month, and the culture time was 2-1 mm, 1 mm. Humic acid can improve the structural characteristics of 2-1 mm aggregates obviously, and the improvement effect of humic acid on the structural characteristics of 2-1 mm aggregates can only reach a significant level in a short time at the concentration of more than 0.4%, but it can reach a significant improvement effect at the concentration of 0.1% in long-term culture, and the improvement effect is not obvious with time; but for the whole soil, 1-0.25 mm and 0.25 mm. For 1-0.25 mm aggregates, 0.2% chitosan can be cultured for more than 2 months. The improvement effect of Chitosan on the structural characteristics of topsoil varies with the concentration gradient, and the improvement effect varies with the culture time. For the aggregates of 1-0.25 mm and 1-0.25 mm, the improvement of structural characteristics changed significantly with time. The effect was obvious at 0.1% concentration for 2 months, and only one month at 0.2% concentration. The improvement of structural characteristics of 0.25 mm aggregates reached a significant level at 0.1% concentration for 2 weeks. The effect of different cements on the structural characteristics of soil aggregates was not obvious. In summary, the effect of different cements on the structural characteristics of soil aggregates was shown at the concentration of 0.1% ~ 0.4%. PAM humic acid chitosan sulfate aluminum; 0.25 mm agglomerate after the application of cementing agent, the best effect, followed by the soil, 2-1 mm and 1-0.25 mm agglomerate effect is poor. This is because the two size of agglomerates in the culture process, small size of agglomerate under the action of organic matter and so on, together to form a large agglomerate, and large particles. The content of organic matter in surface soil aggregates was significantly higher than that in the bottom soil, and the effect of cementing agent on the content of organic matter in the bottom soil was more obvious and faster. The content of organic matter increased with the increase of incubation time, and reached a significant level after 2 weeks of 0.1% incubation compared with the control; the difference of organic matter content between 2-1 mm aggregates reached a significant level after 2 weeks of 0.2% incubation, and the difference was significant after 2 months of 0.1% incubation; the content of organic matter on 0.25 mm aggregates reached a significant level after 4 months of 0.2% incubation. The content of organic matter in 5-2 mm aggregates did not change significantly with the culture time, and there was a significant difference between the two groups at 0.1% concentration for 2 weeks. The difference of organic matter content in 2-1 mm aggregates reached a significant level only at 0.2% concentration for 2 weeks, but at 0.1% concentration for 1 month. The content of organic matter in 0.25 mm aggregates was significantly different from that of the control at 0.1% concentration for 2 weeks. The difference of organic matter content of 0.25 mm aggregates reached a significant level when the concentration was 0.4% for 2 weeks and 0.1% for 1 month. The difference of organic matter content of 0.25 mm aggregates reached a significant level when the concentration was 0.1% for 2 weeks compared with the control. The content of chitosan was the best, followed by PAM, and humic acid was the worst. The content of organic matter in 5-2 mm and 2-1 mm aggregates was significantly higher than that in 0.25 mm aggregates. The total porosity of aggregates, the porosity of aerated pores and narrow pores are increased, and the permeability of soil is improved. PAM has great influence on the pore characteristics and pore size distribution of aggregates. Humic acid and aluminum sulfate have limited influence on the pore characteristics and pore size distribution of aggregates. Chitosan reduces regular pores and capillaries. PAM, humic acid and chitosan can improve the porosity of aggregates in a short period of time, and aluminum sulfate can only improve the porosity of aggregates after one month.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S152
本文編號(hào)：2243466
[Abstract]:In this study, loessial soil samples from the Loess Plateau were cultured with PAM, humic acid, chitosan and aluminium sulfate as soil cements. The structure, pore characteristics and aggregates of loessial soil samples were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) All the four cements can increase the content of 0.25 mm aggregates and the average weight diameter of soil aggregates, and there is a positive correlation between them, which can improve the soil structure and improve the soil function. The improvement of structure characteristics such as average weight and diameter reached a significant level, but the effect of culture time on structure characteristics was not significant; the improvement of structure characteristics of 1-0.25 mm aggregates was obvious, but the improvement of structure characteristics of 2-1 mm aggregates was only significant when the concentration was above 0.2% or the culture time was more than 1 month, and the culture time was 2-1 mm, 1 mm. Humic acid can improve the structural characteristics of 2-1 mm aggregates obviously, and the improvement effect of humic acid on the structural characteristics of 2-1 mm aggregates can only reach a significant level in a short time at the concentration of more than 0.4%, but it can reach a significant improvement effect at the concentration of 0.1% in long-term culture, and the improvement effect is not obvious with time; but for the whole soil, 1-0.25 mm and 0.25 mm. For 1-0.25 mm aggregates, 0.2% chitosan can be cultured for more than 2 months. The improvement effect of Chitosan on the structural characteristics of topsoil varies with the concentration gradient, and the improvement effect varies with the culture time. For the aggregates of 1-0.25 mm and 1-0.25 mm, the improvement of structural characteristics changed significantly with time. The effect was obvious at 0.1% concentration for 2 months, and only one month at 0.2% concentration. The improvement of structural characteristics of 0.25 mm aggregates reached a significant level at 0.1% concentration for 2 weeks. The effect of different cements on the structural characteristics of soil aggregates was not obvious. In summary, the effect of different cements on the structural characteristics of soil aggregates was shown at the concentration of 0.1% ~ 0.4%. PAM humic acid chitosan sulfate aluminum; 0.25 mm agglomerate after the application of cementing agent, the best effect, followed by the soil, 2-1 mm and 1-0.25 mm agglomerate effect is poor. This is because the two size of agglomerates in the culture process, small size of agglomerate under the action of organic matter and so on, together to form a large agglomerate, and large particles. The content of organic matter in surface soil aggregates was significantly higher than that in the bottom soil, and the effect of cementing agent on the content of organic matter in the bottom soil was more obvious and faster. The content of organic matter increased with the increase of incubation time, and reached a significant level after 2 weeks of 0.1% incubation compared with the control; the difference of organic matter content between 2-1 mm aggregates reached a significant level after 2 weeks of 0.2% incubation, and the difference was significant after 2 months of 0.1% incubation; the content of organic matter on 0.25 mm aggregates reached a significant level after 4 months of 0.2% incubation. The content of organic matter in 5-2 mm aggregates did not change significantly with the culture time, and there was a significant difference between the two groups at 0.1% concentration for 2 weeks. The difference of organic matter content in 2-1 mm aggregates reached a significant level only at 0.2% concentration for 2 weeks, but at 0.1% concentration for 1 month. The content of organic matter in 0.25 mm aggregates was significantly different from that of the control at 0.1% concentration for 2 weeks. The difference of organic matter content of 0.25 mm aggregates reached a significant level when the concentration was 0.4% for 2 weeks and 0.1% for 1 month. The difference of organic matter content of 0.25 mm aggregates reached a significant level when the concentration was 0.1% for 2 weeks compared with the control. The content of chitosan was the best, followed by PAM, and humic acid was the worst. The content of organic matter in 5-2 mm and 2-1 mm aggregates was significantly higher than that in 0.25 mm aggregates. The total porosity of aggregates, the porosity of aerated pores and narrow pores are increased, and the permeability of soil is improved. PAM has great influence on the pore characteristics and pore size distribution of aggregates. Humic acid and aluminum sulfate have limited influence on the pore characteristics and pore size distribution of aggregates. Chitosan reduces regular pores and capillaries. PAM, humic acid and chitosan can improve the porosity of aggregates in a short period of time, and aluminum sulfate can only improve the porosity of aggregates after one month.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S152
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