自然干旱梯度下的酸棗表型變異
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-14 14:00
【摘要】：表型變異是植物應(yīng)對環(huán)境變化的一種策略，酸棗(Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa)植物從中國東部沿海到內(nèi)陸腹地均有分布，其表型性狀的變異可解釋為對自然干旱梯度的適應(yīng)機(jī)制。為驗(yàn)證這一假說，我們以煙臺、石家莊、銀川、吐魯番4個自然干旱梯度生境中生長的酸棗3年生植株的41個表型性狀為調(diào)查研究對象，采用巢式方差分析、相關(guān)分析、主成分分析和變異系數(shù)對酸棗的表型變異進(jìn)行分析，預(yù)測酸棗種群對未來氣候變化的響應(yīng)，以期探明酸棗對自然干旱梯度的適應(yīng)機(jī)制，從而豐富酸棗適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化的生活史對策理論，同時預(yù)測氣候變化下，酸棗植物形態(tài)對極端干旱氣候響應(yīng)的演變趨勢及未來的種群動態(tài)。主要研究結(jié)果如下： 1.方差分析的結(jié)果表明，酸棗植株的41個測量性狀中，除了葉干物質(zhì)含量、葉水分含量、株高、冠幅、冠幅高度、芽鱗痕間距、二次枝棗股數(shù)和棗股間距等8個性狀差異不顯著(P＞0.05)外，其它的33個表型性狀均存在顯著或極顯著的差異。 2.表型性狀均值及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差圖表明，隨著干旱程度的增強(qiáng)，葉長、葉片長、葉面積、葉周長、葉柄長、二次枝基部粗、二次枝棗吊數(shù)和種子寬，總體呈減小的趨勢，而比葉面積、周面比、二次枝長度與基部粗之比和莖的干物質(zhì)含量，呈增大的趨勢；從煙臺到銀川，葉寬、二次枝長度、刺基寬、刺中寬、莖比密度、莖的水分含量和種子重，總體呈減小趨勢，而刺長和葉的長寬比相反，總體呈增大的趨勢；而其余20個性狀無明顯的變化趨勢。 3.對沿干旱梯度分布的4個酸棗種群(煙臺、石家莊、銀川、吐魯番)而言，酸棗的平均表型變異系數(shù)分別為22.73%、19.60%、20.29%、20.54%；枝的16個性狀的平均變異系數(shù)(26.03%)＞葉的17個性狀的平均變異系數(shù)(23.30%)＞種子的4個性狀的平均變異系數(shù)(5.61%)＞果實(shí)的4個性狀的平均變異系數(shù)(4.41%)；酸棗枝的平均相對極差(65.03%)葉的平均相對極差(63.68%)種子的平均相對極差(48.65%)果實(shí)的平均相對極差(34.54%)，，與變異系數(shù)的大小關(guān)系基本吻合，表明酸棗枝與葉的性狀比種子與果實(shí)性狀變異大。 4.對沿干旱梯度分布的4個酸棗種群而言，葉的17個性狀的平均可塑性指數(shù)(0.697)＞枝的16個性狀的平均可塑性指數(shù)(0.617)＞種子的4個性狀的平均可塑性指數(shù)(0.314)＞果實(shí)的4個性狀的平均可塑性指數(shù)(0.256)。 5.對酸棗的41個表型性狀進(jìn)行主成分分析，確定出3個主成分累積貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)100%，基本可以體現(xiàn)酸棗植株表型特征的大部分信息。其中第1主成分貢獻(xiàn)率為60.182%，起決定作用的有LW(1.000)、LA(1.000)、LAP(-0.999)和DBS(0.995)等，主要反映了葉和枝的特征；第2主成分貢獻(xiàn)率為22.314%，起決定作用的有LDMC(-0.997)、LWC(0.997)和SL(-0.954)等，主要反映了葉和種子的特征；第3主成分貢獻(xiàn)率為17.504%，起決定作用的有LLL(0.927)、BBL(-0.889)和NLBB(-0.735)等，主要反映了葉和枝的特征。本次分析結(jié)果說明：酸棗種群表型變異的基本來源中葉的貢獻(xiàn)率最大，其次為枝的貢獻(xiàn)率。 6.酸棗41個表型性狀之間多數(shù)呈現(xiàn)顯著和極顯著的關(guān)系，葉性狀中的LA、LL、LML、LW、LP、LSL、LAP、SSL、SSMW、SSBW等，枝性狀中的SBL、BDSB、SBBD、NSJ、SNSB、SSD、SDMC、SWC等，果實(shí)和種子性狀中的FL、FWT、SWT、SW等是酸棗較為關(guān)鍵和重要的表型性狀，極大程度的影響著表型性狀的測定效率。并且酸棗所測量的性狀具有較強(qiáng)的整合性。
[Abstract]:Phenotypic variation is a strategy for plants to cope with environmental changes. Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa plants are distributed from the eastern coast of China to the hinterland. The variation of phenotypic characters can be interpreted as an adaptive mechanism for natural drought gradient. To verify this hypothesis, four natural droughts, Yantai, Shijiazhuang, Yinchuan and Turpan, were used. 41 phenotypic characters of 3-year-old jujube plants growing in gradient habitats were investigated. Nested variance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and variation coefficient were used to analyze the phenotypic variation of jujube. The response of jujube population to future climate change was predicted in order to explore the adaptive mechanism of jujube to natural drought gradient. The main results are as follows:1.
1. The results of variance analysis showed that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the 41 traits, except leaf dry matter content, leaf water content, plant height, crown width, crown width height, Bud-scale mark spacing, secondary branch number of jujube and jujube-stock spacing, among which there were significant or extremely significant differences among the other 33 phenotypic traits.
2. The mean and standard deviation charts of phenotypic characters showed that with the increase of drought degree, leaf length, leaf length, leaf area, leaf perimeter, petiole length, secondary branch base thickness, secondary branch hanging number and seed width decreased, while specific leaf area, perimeter ratio, secondary branch length to base thickness ratio and stem dry matter content increased. From Yantai to Yinchuan, leaf width, secondary branch length, spine base width, mid-spine width, stem specific density, stem moisture content and seed weight decreased, while spine length and leaf length-width ratio increased, while the other 20 traits showed no obvious change trend.
3. The average phenotypic variability coefficients of 4 jujube populations (Yantai, Shijiazhuang, Yinchuan, Turpan) were 22.73%, 19.60%, 20.29% and 20.54%, respectively; the average variation coefficients of 16 characters of branches (26.03%) > 17 characters of leaves (23.30%) > 4 characters of seeds (5.54%). The average coefficient of variation (4.41%) of the four characters of the fruit was higher than that of the fruit, and the average relative extreme difference (65.03%) of the branch and the leaf was lower (63.68%) of the seed, and the average relative extreme difference (48.65%) of the fruit was lower (34.54%). ISO.
4. The average plasticity index (0.697) of 17 characters of leaf > the average plasticity index (0.617) of 16 characters of branch > the average plasticity index (0.314) of 4 characters of seed > the average plasticity index (0.256) of 4 characters of fruit for the four jujube populations distributed along the drought gradient.
5. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of three principal components was 100%, which could reflect most of the phenotypic characteristics of jujube. The contribution rate of the first principal component was 60.182%. The decisive factors were LW (1.000), LA (1.000), LAP (-0.999) and DBS (0.995), which mainly reflected the characteristics of leaves and branches. The contribution rate of the second principal component was 22.314%. LDMC (-0.997), LWC (-0.997) and SL (-0.954) played a decisive role, mainly reflecting the characteristics of leaves and seeds. The contribution rate of the third principal component was 17.504%. The decisive factors were LLL (0.927), BBL (-0.889) and NLBB (-0.735), which mainly reflected the characteristics of leaves and branches. The main source of phenotypic variation of jujube population was the highest contribution rate of middle leaves, followed by the contribution rate of branches.
6. Most of the 41 phenotypic traits of jujube showed significant and extremely significant relationships. LA, LL, LML, LW, LP, LSL, LAP, SSL, SSMW, SSBW, SBL, BD, NSJ, SNSB, SSD, SDMC, SWC, FL, FWT, SWT and SWC were the most important and key phenotypic traits of jujube, which greatly affected the table. The efficiency of type traits was determined, and the traits measured by Zizyphus jujuba had strong integration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S665.1;S423
本文編號：2242911
[Abstract]:Phenotypic variation is a strategy for plants to cope with environmental changes. Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa plants are distributed from the eastern coast of China to the hinterland. The variation of phenotypic characters can be interpreted as an adaptive mechanism for natural drought gradient. To verify this hypothesis, four natural droughts, Yantai, Shijiazhuang, Yinchuan and Turpan, were used. 41 phenotypic characters of 3-year-old jujube plants growing in gradient habitats were investigated. Nested variance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and variation coefficient were used to analyze the phenotypic variation of jujube. The response of jujube population to future climate change was predicted in order to explore the adaptive mechanism of jujube to natural drought gradient. The main results are as follows:1.
1. The results of variance analysis showed that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the 41 traits, except leaf dry matter content, leaf water content, plant height, crown width, crown width height, Bud-scale mark spacing, secondary branch number of jujube and jujube-stock spacing, among which there were significant or extremely significant differences among the other 33 phenotypic traits.
2. The mean and standard deviation charts of phenotypic characters showed that with the increase of drought degree, leaf length, leaf length, leaf area, leaf perimeter, petiole length, secondary branch base thickness, secondary branch hanging number and seed width decreased, while specific leaf area, perimeter ratio, secondary branch length to base thickness ratio and stem dry matter content increased. From Yantai to Yinchuan, leaf width, secondary branch length, spine base width, mid-spine width, stem specific density, stem moisture content and seed weight decreased, while spine length and leaf length-width ratio increased, while the other 20 traits showed no obvious change trend.
3. The average phenotypic variability coefficients of 4 jujube populations (Yantai, Shijiazhuang, Yinchuan, Turpan) were 22.73%, 19.60%, 20.29% and 20.54%, respectively; the average variation coefficients of 16 characters of branches (26.03%) > 17 characters of leaves (23.30%) > 4 characters of seeds (5.54%). The average coefficient of variation (4.41%) of the four characters of the fruit was higher than that of the fruit, and the average relative extreme difference (65.03%) of the branch and the leaf was lower (63.68%) of the seed, and the average relative extreme difference (48.65%) of the fruit was lower (34.54%). ISO.
4. The average plasticity index (0.697) of 17 characters of leaf > the average plasticity index (0.617) of 16 characters of branch > the average plasticity index (0.314) of 4 characters of seed > the average plasticity index (0.256) of 4 characters of fruit for the four jujube populations distributed along the drought gradient.
5. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of three principal components was 100%, which could reflect most of the phenotypic characteristics of jujube. The contribution rate of the first principal component was 60.182%. The decisive factors were LW (1.000), LA (1.000), LAP (-0.999) and DBS (0.995), which mainly reflected the characteristics of leaves and branches. The contribution rate of the second principal component was 22.314%. LDMC (-0.997), LWC (-0.997) and SL (-0.954) played a decisive role, mainly reflecting the characteristics of leaves and seeds. The contribution rate of the third principal component was 17.504%. The decisive factors were LLL (0.927), BBL (-0.889) and NLBB (-0.735), which mainly reflected the characteristics of leaves and branches. The main source of phenotypic variation of jujube population was the highest contribution rate of middle leaves, followed by the contribution rate of branches.
6. Most of the 41 phenotypic traits of jujube showed significant and extremely significant relationships. LA, LL, LML, LW, LP, LSL, LAP, SSL, SSMW, SSBW, SBL, BD, NSJ, SNSB, SSD, SDMC, SWC, FL, FWT, SWT and SWC were the most important and key phenotypic traits of jujube, which greatly affected the table. The efficiency of type traits was determined, and the traits measured by Zizyphus jujuba had strong integration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S665.1;S423
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