神農(nóng)架不同海拔山地土壤中磷素賦存形態(tài)及其環(huán)境意義
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-11 15:19
【摘要】：磷是植物的必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中磷的生物有效性取決于磷含量和形態(tài)。無(wú)機(jī)磷可以直接被植物和微生物利用,因而受到較多關(guān)注,而對(duì)有機(jī)磷的研究關(guān)注較少。作為環(huán)境中磷庫(kù)重要組分的有機(jī)磷,人們對(duì)其土壤化學(xué)行為和植物營(yíng)養(yǎng)貢獻(xiàn)至今仍然理解不夠;山地土壤受人為擾動(dòng)小,水熱條件變化規(guī)律性強(qiáng),為探討自然環(huán)境中磷形態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化特征及周轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程提供了條件。因此,本研究就不同海拔高度的土壤在不同母質(zhì)、不同植被不同土壤類(lèi)型以及各種影響因子的作用下,土壤中磷和有機(jī)磷的分布、形態(tài)及其演變過(guò)程開(kāi)展研究。取得了以下主要結(jié)果:(1)土壤樣品采自湖北省神農(nóng)架林區(qū)不同海拔高度(560 m、834 m、1200 m、1552 m、1750 m、2115 m、2425 m、2687 m和3093 m)的A、B層土壤,分為黃棕壤、山地黃棕壤、山地棕壤、山地暗棕壤、山地棕色針葉林土。土壤母質(zhì)以頁(yè)巖砂頁(yè)巖為主,海拔高處以輝綠巖為主,植被主要是闊葉林、落葉闊葉林、針闊混交林等,土壤濕度隨著海拔的升高逐漸先升高再減少的趨勢(shì)。氣溫隨海拔的升高而降低。土壤的粘土礦物以2:1型層狀礦物為主(水云母和1.4 nm礦物含量占85%以上),1:1型高嶺石含量很少,說(shuō)明神農(nóng)架垂直土壤風(fēng)化作用較弱;隨著海拔的升高1.4 nm礦物含量先減少后增多,水云母的含量先增多后減少,表明該區(qū)土壤中2:1型礦物的淋溶脫鉀和層間羥基鋁化作用相應(yīng)地先減弱后增強(qiáng)。A、B兩層土壤之間的差異性不明顯,土壤呈酸性,p H呈先增大后減小趨勢(shì),A層土壤中的有機(jī)質(zhì)含量明顯高于B層。不同海拔高度的中的土壤鐵鋁氧化物差異顯著,隨著海拔的升高,非晶形鐵氧化物和活化度都隨著海拔的增高明顯增大。(2)土壤全磷(TP)含量隨海拔呈上升趨勢(shì),說(shuō)明隨著海拔升高,P周轉(zhuǎn)慢,淋失少,且A層土壤總磷高于B層,隨著土壤磷的再分配和淋洗的流失,土壤全磷是隨著土壤深度的變化逐漸減少,說(shuō)明表層土壤受植被影響富集磷的能力更強(qiáng);而在黃棕壤海拔834 m處所有的各形態(tài)磷普遍偏低,可能受地形影響造成植被固磷能力下降所致。除山地棕色針葉林土(海拔3093 m)外,土壤總磷含量變化同土壤表層有機(jī)質(zhì)含量變化相一致,這也表明山地土壤中P與有機(jī)質(zhì)密切相關(guān)。(3)運(yùn)用連續(xù)提取方法把土壤磷分為樹(shù)脂磷(resin-P)、Na HCO3提取態(tài)有機(jī)磷和無(wú)機(jī)磷(Na HCO3-Po、Na HCO3-Pi)、Na OH提取態(tài)有機(jī)磷和無(wú)機(jī)磷(Na OH-Po、Na OH-Pi)、D.HCl、濃鹽酸提取態(tài)有機(jī)磷和無(wú)機(jī)磷(Conc.Pi、Conc.Po)和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)磷(resual-P),不同形態(tài)的磷含含量隨著海拔的變化差異性明顯。供試土壤中活性磷(resin-P+Na HCO3-P)占全磷6-26%,隨海拔變化呈減小趨勢(shì),表明在長(zhǎng)期的成土過(guò)程中土壤物質(zhì)不斷釋放磷進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充;土壤Na OH-P(即中穩(wěn)態(tài)有效磷)也是土壤磷的主要存在形態(tài),占全磷含量的24%-57%左右,隨著海拔的升高Na OH-P含量呈上升的趨勢(shì)。濃鹽酸提取態(tài)磷(Conc.P即閉蓄態(tài)磷)占總磷含量10.8-39.5%,在土壤中含量也比較高,一般認(rèn)為是和土壤風(fēng)化、發(fā)育的層次有關(guān);殘?jiān)?resual-P)含量變化不大,占全磷范圍在8.5-22%。隨海拔升高,有機(jī)磷占土壤總磷從44.8-70%變化,說(shuō)明有機(jī)磷是所有供試土壤中最主要的磷庫(kù),隨海拔的變化趨勢(shì)不是很明顯;Na HCO3-Po在有機(jī)磷中的百分含量均隨著土壤風(fēng)化度的增大而增多,因此,在低海拔處土壤高溫多雨,干濕季節(jié)明顯,風(fēng)化淋溶作用強(qiáng)烈,活性磷組分Na HCO3-Po組分含量比較高。有機(jī)磷庫(kù)中含量最多的是中穩(wěn)定態(tài)有機(jī)磷(即Na OH-Po),占有機(jī)磷的40.4-77.4%,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于無(wú)機(jī)磷的含量。我們認(rèn)為中穩(wěn)定態(tài)有機(jī)磷主要是與鐵鋁礦物結(jié)合形態(tài)的有機(jī)磷,XRD衍射鑒定表明中穩(wěn)定態(tài)磷部分為與針鐵礦結(jié)合形式存在。(4)土壤母質(zhì)、氣候、植被、溫度和p H等因素的不同所導(dǎo)致土壤有機(jī)磷呈不同變化趨勢(shì)。土壤活性磷(resin-P+Na HCO3-Pi)含量隨著海拔的升高含量升高,這同土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量的增多有著密切的聯(lián)系。土壤中Na HCO3-Po、Na OH-Po與土壤中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、游離氧化鐵鋁呈極顯著正相關(guān)性,表明鐵鋁氧化物在穩(wěn)定土壤有機(jī)磷庫(kù)中起重要作用。以上結(jié)果為闡明山地土壤磷素,尤其是其中有機(jī)磷的賦存形態(tài)、演化及其地球化學(xué)循環(huán)過(guò)程提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is an essential nutrient element for plants, and the bioavailability of phosphorus in the ecosystem depends on the content and form of phosphorus. Inorganic phosphorus can be used directly by plants and microorganisms, so much attention has been paid to it, but less attention has been paid to the study of organic phosphorus. As an important component of phosphorus pool in the environment, people pay attention to its soil chemical behavior and plant camp. Up to now, the nutrient contribution is still poorly understood; the mountain soils are little disturbed by human activities, and the water and heat conditions change regularly, which provides the conditions for studying the transformation characteristics and turnover process of phosphorus forms in the natural environment. The distribution, morphology and evolution of phosphorus and organic phosphorus in soils were studied. The main results were as follows: (1) Soil samples were collected from different altitudes (560 m, 834 m, 1200 m, 1552 m, 1750 m, 2115 m, 2425 m, 2687 m and 3093 m) in Shennongjia forest region of Hubei Province. The A and B layers of soils were divided into yellow brown soil, mountain yellow brown soil, mountain brown soil, mountain brown soil, and mountain brown soil. Dark brown soil, mountain brown coniferous forest soil. Soil parent material is mainly shale sand shale, diabase at high altitude. Vegetation is mainly broadleaf forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Soil moisture increases first and then decreases with elevation. Air temperature decreases with elevation. Clay minerals in soil are 2:1 type. Layered minerals were dominant (hydromica and 1.4 nm minerals accounted for more than 85%), and the content of 1:1 kaolinite was small, indicating that the vertical soil weathering in Shennongjia was weak; with the elevation increasing, the mineral content of 1.4 nm first decreased and then increased, and the content of hydromica first increased and then decreased, indicating that the leaching of 2:1 type minerals and the interlayer hydroxyaluminium in the soil of this area were weaker. The difference between the two layers of soil A and B was not obvious, the soil was acidic, and the content of organic matter in the A layer was higher than that in the B layer. (2) Total phosphorus (TP) content in soil increased with altitude, indicating that with altitude increasing, P turnover was slow and leaching was less, and total phosphorus in layer A was higher than that in layer B. With the redistribution and leaching of soil phosphorus, total phosphorus in soil decreased gradually with the change of soil depth, indicating that topsoil was enriched by vegetation. In addition to the mountain brown coniferous forest soil (altitude 3093 m), the change of soil total phosphorus content was consistent with the change of soil surface organic matter content, which also indicated that P and organic matter were dense in the mountain soil. (3) Soil phosphorus was classified into resin-P, Na HCO3-extracted organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus (Na HCO3-Po, Na HCO3-Pi), Na OH-extracted organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus (Na OH-Po, Na OH-Pi), D.HCl, concentrated hydrochloric acid-extracted organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus (Conc.Pi, Conc.Po) and residual phosphorus (resual-P). The content of reactive phosphorus (resin-P+Na HCO3-P) in the tested soils accounted for 6-26% of total phosphorus, and decreased with the change of altitude, indicating that phosphorus was continuously released during the long-term soil-forming process to supplement; Na OH-P (i.e. moderately stable available phosphorus) was also the main form of soil phosphorus, accounting for 24% of total phosphorus content. Concentrated hydrochloric acid extractable phosphorus (Conc.P) accounted for 10.8-39.5% of total phosphorus, and its content in soil was also relatively high, generally believed to be related to soil weathering and development level; residual phosphorus (resual-P) content changed little, accounting for 8.5-22% of total phosphorus. The percentage of organic phosphorus in soil varied from 44.8% to 70%, indicating that organic phosphorus was the most important phosphorus pool in all tested soils, and the trend of change was not obvious with altitude. The percentage of Na HCO3-Po in organic phosphorus increased with the increase of soil weathering degree. Therefore, the soil at low altitude was high temperature and rainy, and in dry and wet seasons was obvious. The content of Na HCO3-Po in the organic phosphorus pool is the highest, which is 40.4-77.4% of the organic phosphorus, much higher than that of inorganic phosphorus. The content of soil organic phosphorus (resin-P+Na HCO3-Pi) increased with the increase of altitude, which was closely related to the increase of soil organic matter content. Po, Na OH-Po are positively correlated with soil organic matter content and free iron and aluminum oxide, indicating that iron and aluminum oxides play an important role in stabilizing soil organic phosphorus pool.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S153.6
本文編號(hào)：2237069
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is an essential nutrient element for plants, and the bioavailability of phosphorus in the ecosystem depends on the content and form of phosphorus. Inorganic phosphorus can be used directly by plants and microorganisms, so much attention has been paid to it, but less attention has been paid to the study of organic phosphorus. As an important component of phosphorus pool in the environment, people pay attention to its soil chemical behavior and plant camp. Up to now, the nutrient contribution is still poorly understood; the mountain soils are little disturbed by human activities, and the water and heat conditions change regularly, which provides the conditions for studying the transformation characteristics and turnover process of phosphorus forms in the natural environment. The distribution, morphology and evolution of phosphorus and organic phosphorus in soils were studied. The main results were as follows: (1) Soil samples were collected from different altitudes (560 m, 834 m, 1200 m, 1552 m, 1750 m, 2115 m, 2425 m, 2687 m and 3093 m) in Shennongjia forest region of Hubei Province. The A and B layers of soils were divided into yellow brown soil, mountain yellow brown soil, mountain brown soil, mountain brown soil, and mountain brown soil. Dark brown soil, mountain brown coniferous forest soil. Soil parent material is mainly shale sand shale, diabase at high altitude. Vegetation is mainly broadleaf forest, deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Soil moisture increases first and then decreases with elevation. Air temperature decreases with elevation. Clay minerals in soil are 2:1 type. Layered minerals were dominant (hydromica and 1.4 nm minerals accounted for more than 85%), and the content of 1:1 kaolinite was small, indicating that the vertical soil weathering in Shennongjia was weak; with the elevation increasing, the mineral content of 1.4 nm first decreased and then increased, and the content of hydromica first increased and then decreased, indicating that the leaching of 2:1 type minerals and the interlayer hydroxyaluminium in the soil of this area were weaker. The difference between the two layers of soil A and B was not obvious, the soil was acidic, and the content of organic matter in the A layer was higher than that in the B layer. (2) Total phosphorus (TP) content in soil increased with altitude, indicating that with altitude increasing, P turnover was slow and leaching was less, and total phosphorus in layer A was higher than that in layer B. With the redistribution and leaching of soil phosphorus, total phosphorus in soil decreased gradually with the change of soil depth, indicating that topsoil was enriched by vegetation. In addition to the mountain brown coniferous forest soil (altitude 3093 m), the change of soil total phosphorus content was consistent with the change of soil surface organic matter content, which also indicated that P and organic matter were dense in the mountain soil. (3) Soil phosphorus was classified into resin-P, Na HCO3-extracted organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus (Na HCO3-Po, Na HCO3-Pi), Na OH-extracted organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus (Na OH-Po, Na OH-Pi), D.HCl, concentrated hydrochloric acid-extracted organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus (Conc.Pi, Conc.Po) and residual phosphorus (resual-P). The content of reactive phosphorus (resin-P+Na HCO3-P) in the tested soils accounted for 6-26% of total phosphorus, and decreased with the change of altitude, indicating that phosphorus was continuously released during the long-term soil-forming process to supplement; Na OH-P (i.e. moderately stable available phosphorus) was also the main form of soil phosphorus, accounting for 24% of total phosphorus content. Concentrated hydrochloric acid extractable phosphorus (Conc.P) accounted for 10.8-39.5% of total phosphorus, and its content in soil was also relatively high, generally believed to be related to soil weathering and development level; residual phosphorus (resual-P) content changed little, accounting for 8.5-22% of total phosphorus. The percentage of organic phosphorus in soil varied from 44.8% to 70%, indicating that organic phosphorus was the most important phosphorus pool in all tested soils, and the trend of change was not obvious with altitude. The percentage of Na HCO3-Po in organic phosphorus increased with the increase of soil weathering degree. Therefore, the soil at low altitude was high temperature and rainy, and in dry and wet seasons was obvious. The content of Na HCO3-Po in the organic phosphorus pool is the highest, which is 40.4-77.4% of the organic phosphorus, much higher than that of inorganic phosphorus. The content of soil organic phosphorus (resin-P+Na HCO3-Pi) increased with the increase of altitude, which was closely related to the increase of soil organic matter content. Po, Na OH-Po are positively correlated with soil organic matter content and free iron and aluminum oxide, indicating that iron and aluminum oxides play an important role in stabilizing soil organic phosphorus pool.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S153.6
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