【摘要】：漬澇脅迫是水稻生產(chǎn)中重要的非生物逆境之一,對水稻生長發(fā)育產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響,對水稻品質(zhì)及產(chǎn)量的提升起到了極大的制約作用。為探討淹水脅迫對水稻生長發(fā)育及產(chǎn)量結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,為水稻澇漬災(zāi)害提出科學(xué)的防治技術(shù)與建議,本研究在2013年采取模擬實驗的方式,模擬水稻在分蘗期、孕穗期、抽穗期與乳熟期發(fā)生洪澇災(zāi)害,著重分析了水稻各個生長時期淹水處理對株高及產(chǎn)量的影響,并經(jīng)過實驗數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計、分析與總結(jié)得出以下結(jié)論：①隨著淹水深度的增加與淹水時間的不斷延長,水稻發(fā)育期會出現(xiàn)不同程度的推遲或提前結(jié)束等現(xiàn)象,對水稻生長發(fā)育產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響；②無論是早稻或晚稻,在不同生育期,淹水時間與深度不同,使水稻植株的株高之間也存在明顯差異。淹水的深度越深、淹水時間越長,水稻植株的株高變化就越大,但是每一個品種都有耐淹限度,一旦超過這一限度,將會阻礙作物的生長,導(dǎo)致生長速度減慢,嚴(yán)重時甚至使作物出現(xiàn)死亡；③早稻在淹水處理之后出現(xiàn)了較為明顯的分蘗現(xiàn)象,并且隨著淹水時間的延長及淹水深度的不斷加深,高位分蘗現(xiàn)象更加明顯。由于淹水處理導(dǎo)致作物根系的氧氣不足,喪失了原本的活力,黑根數(shù)量增多,白根所占的比例相對較少。水稻根部發(fā)生的不良變化對分蘗的生長起到了一定的抑制作用,導(dǎo)致新的分蘗莖甚至主莖出現(xiàn)死亡；④本次實驗表明,早稻在不同生育期受到淹水處理后,隨著淹水時間的延長,產(chǎn)量減產(chǎn)更加明顯,具體表現(xiàn)為總粒數(shù)、籽粒重、千粒重顯著下降,空秕率急劇上升等,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致水稻的產(chǎn)量大幅下降。⑤淹水處理對晚稻的影響最終反映在產(chǎn)量與其構(gòu)成上。晚稻產(chǎn)量與淹水處理的深度與淹水時間有密切關(guān)系,隨著淹水深度的增加及淹水時間的延長,水稻產(chǎn)量呈現(xiàn)出下降趨勢,并且下降幅度逐漸變大,全淹處理5天以上水稻基本絕收。
[Abstract]:Waterlogging stress is one of the important abiotic stresses in rice production, which has a serious impact on the growth and development of rice, and plays a great role in restricting the improvement of rice quality and yield. In order to investigate the effect of flooding stress on rice growth and yield structure, and to provide scientific control techniques and suggestions for rice waterlogging disaster, this study adopted a simulation experiment in 2013 to simulate rice at tillering stage and booting stage. Flood and waterlogging occurred at heading stage and milk-ripening stage. The effects of waterlogging treatment on plant height and yield at different growth stages of rice were analyzed, and the experimental data were analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis and conclusion: 1 with the increase of the depth of flooding and the prolongation of the duration of flooding, the development period of rice will be delayed or terminated in different degrees, which will have a serious impact on the growth and development of rice. (2) there were significant differences in plant height between early rice and late rice because of the different flooding time and depth at different growth stages. The deeper the depth of flooding, the longer the duration of flooding, the greater the variation in plant height of rice plants, but each variety has a flood tolerance limit, which, once exceeded, will hinder crop growth and lead to slower growth. In severe cases, the early rice even died after flooding, and the tillering phenomenon was more obvious with the prolongation of flooding time and the deepening of flooding depth. Due to the lack of oxygen in the roots of the crops caused by flooding, the original vigor was lost, the number of black roots increased, and the proportion of white roots was relatively small. The adverse changes in the roots of rice had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of tillers, which led to the death of the new tiller stems and even the main stems. 4 the experiment showed that the early rice was flooded at different growth stages. With the prolongation of flooding time, the yield decrease was more obvious, such as the total number of grains, grain weight, 1000-grain weight, and the percentage of empty grain increased sharply, etc. The effect of waterlogging treatment on late rice was reflected in yield and its composition. The yield of late rice was closely related to the depth of flooding treatment and the duration of flooding. With the increase of depth of flooding and the prolongation of flooding time, rice yield showed a downward trend, and the extent of decline gradually increased. Total flooding treatment for more than 5 days basic rice harvest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S511;S422

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