【摘要】：水稻是我國(guó)主要糧食作物,其安全生產(chǎn)具有重大的意義。化肥施用是水稻生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中必不可少的環(huán)節(jié),化肥深施有著充分利用化肥效能,減少化肥田間揮發(fā),提高化肥利用率,促進(jìn)水稻生長(zhǎng),提高水稻產(chǎn)量,減少環(huán)境污染和水資源污染。設(shè)計(jì)一種高速作業(yè),通用性強(qiáng)的水田側(cè)深施肥裝置,提高水稻產(chǎn)量、保障糧食的安全生產(chǎn)、節(jié)本增效、完善水稻生產(chǎn)全程機(jī)械化。本文綜述了國(guó)內(nèi)外施肥機(jī)械的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,分析了水田施肥機(jī)械的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及應(yīng)用情況,針對(duì)水田潮濕的工作環(huán)境所引起的化肥潮解結(jié)塊、架空等問(wèn)題提出水田側(cè)深施肥裝置的總體方案。采用理論分析、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)與分析的方法對(duì)其關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),并通過(guò)試驗(yàn)對(duì)水田側(cè)深施肥裝置的工作性能和排肥量與影響因素之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究,主要研究工作如下:(1)根據(jù)水田施肥機(jī)械發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及水田機(jī)械施肥作業(yè)環(huán)境和特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)一種結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單可靠的水田側(cè)深施肥裝置。(2)根據(jù)研究方案設(shè)計(jì)水田側(cè)深施肥裝置組成部件,包括肥料箱、內(nèi)部組件(橫向和縱向螺旋鋼絲、肥料篩等)、肥量調(diào)節(jié)裝置、開(kāi)溝器等組件,使用Pro/E軟件分別繪制各組件三維模型,經(jīng)過(guò)干涉檢查和尺寸修改,確定水田側(cè)深施肥裝置各組件的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸與裝配關(guān)系。(3)理論分析了肥量調(diào)節(jié)裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)與機(jī)理,使用VB 6.0軟件編寫(xiě)肥量調(diào)節(jié)裝置運(yùn)動(dòng)分析程序,求得肥量調(diào)節(jié)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)的非劣解群。按照非劣解群的限定范圍,使用VS編寫(xiě)肥量調(diào)節(jié)裝置的參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)軟件,應(yīng)用該軟件得到最優(yōu)的肥量調(diào)節(jié)裝置結(jié)構(gòu)。(4)按照施肥機(jī)械國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)試水田側(cè)深施裝置的性能指標(biāo)。采用靜態(tài)試驗(yàn)和動(dòng)態(tài)試驗(yàn)的方法,試驗(yàn)水田側(cè)深施肥裝置的排肥能力、排肥穩(wěn)定性、排肥均勻性、斷條率等性能指標(biāo)。經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)及理論分析,各項(xiàng)工作指標(biāo)符合國(guó)家施肥機(jī)械標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定。(5)采用單因素試驗(yàn)分析各試驗(yàn)因子影響排肥量變化的規(guī)律。以肥料箱內(nèi)肥量、試驗(yàn)臺(tái)車(chē)行進(jìn)速度和肥量調(diào)節(jié)裝置開(kāi)口直徑為試驗(yàn)因子,排肥量為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo),采用Design-Expert6.0.1軟件分析試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),得到各試驗(yàn)因子與試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)間的變化規(guī)律。(6)采用二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),經(jīng)過(guò)Design-Expert 6.0.1軟件對(duì)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析,得到各試驗(yàn)因子對(duì)試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)的綜合影響規(guī)律;分析各試驗(yàn)因子組合狀態(tài)下對(duì)試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)影響的貢獻(xiàn)率,得到各試驗(yàn)因子影響試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)的主次關(guān)系;以寒地水稻不同的土質(zhì)經(jīng)濟(jì)施肥量為基礎(chǔ),優(yōu)化出水田側(cè)深施肥裝置的最佳參數(shù)方案。
[Abstract]:Rice is the main food crop in China, and its safe production is of great significance. The application of chemical fertilizer is an essential link in the process of rice growth. The deep application of chemical fertilizer has the effect of making full use of chemical fertilizer, reducing the volatilization of chemical fertilizer in the field, increasing the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, promoting rice growth and increasing rice yield. Reduce environmental pollution and water pollution. A kind of high speed and universal deep fertilization device in paddy field was designed to improve rice yield, ensure the safe production of grain, save cost and increase efficiency, and perfect the mechanization of rice production in the whole process. This paper summarizes the development of fertilizer machinery at home and abroad, analyzes the present situation and application of paddy field fertilization machinery, and aims at the caking of fertiliser moisture caused by wet working environment in paddy field. The overall scheme of side-depth fertilizer application in paddy field is put forward. The key components were designed by means of theoretical analysis, computer aided design and analysis, and the working performance and the relationship between the discharge of fertilizer and the influencing factors were studied through experiments. The main research works are as follows: (1) according to the present situation of the development of paddy field fertilization machinery and the working environment and characteristics of paddy field machinery, a simple and reliable structure of paddy field side deep fertilization device is designed. (2) according to the research scheme, the components of paddy field side depth fertilization device are designed. Including fertiliser box, internal components (transverse and longitudinal spiral wire, fertilizer sieve, etc.), fertilizer regulating device, trench opener and other components, using Pro/E software to draw three dimensional model of each component, after interference inspection and size modification, The structural size and assembly relationship of each component of the fertilizer plant were determined. (3) the structure and mechanism of the fertilizer regulating device were analyzed theoretically, and the kinematic analysis program of the fertilizer regulating device was compiled with VB 6.0 software. The noninferior solution group of the structure of fertilizer regulator is obtained. According to the limited range of non-inferior solution group, the parameterized design software of fertilizer regulating device was compiled with VS, and the optimal structure of fertilizer regulating device was obtained. (4) according to the national standard of fertilization machinery, the performance index of paddy side deep application device was tested. Static and dynamic test methods were used to test the capacity, stability, uniformity, broken strip rate and other performance indexes of the paddy field side depth fertilizer application device, such as the capacity of fertilizer discharge, the stability of fertilizer discharge, the uniformity of fertilizer discharge, and the broken strip rate, and so on. According to the data and theoretical analysis, each work index accords with the regulation of the national fertilization mechanical standard. (5) the single factor experiment is used to analyze the law of the influence of each test factor on the change of fertilizer discharge. Taking the fertilizer quantity in the fertilizer box, the speed of the test-bed and the opening diameter of the fertilizer regulating device as the test factors, and the fertilizer discharge as the test index, the test data were analyzed by Design-Expert6.0.1 software. The rule of variation between the test factors and the test indexes was obtained. (6) by using the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test and the analysis of the test results by Design-Expert 6.0.1 software, the comprehensive influence law of each test factor on the test index was obtained. Based on the analysis of the contribution rate of each test factor combination to the test index, the primary and secondary relationship of the test index was obtained, which was based on the economic fertilization of different soil quality of rice in cold region. To optimize the optimal parameter scheme of the side-depth fertilization device in the paddy field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S224.2

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