【摘要】：普通大薊馬Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall),隸屬纓翅目Thysanoptera、薊馬科Thripidae、大薊馬屬M(fèi)egalurothrips,是東洋區(qū)大薊馬屬中最常見的種。近年來普通大薊馬在我國寶島海南多次爆發(fā),為了控制普通大薊馬的種群數(shù)量,農(nóng)藥的頻繁使用不僅使其抗藥性增強(qiáng),還導(dǎo)致冬季蔬菜農(nóng)藥殘留嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)。本文就成蟲性比對普通大薊馬的影響和對寄主選擇性進(jìn)行了研究,并建立了3種豆類作物上的種群生命表,其結(jié)果如下： 1普通大薊馬的寄主選擇性試驗(yàn) 采用葉盤法來明確普通大薊馬在3種豆類作物(豇豆、菜豆、花生)上的產(chǎn)卵選擇性。普通大薊馬產(chǎn)卵時,對豇豆和花生的嫩葉正面和反面均沒有選擇性,但喜歡在菜豆嫩葉的正面產(chǎn)卵,原因在于菜豆嫩葉反面上的茸毛密度太大不適合產(chǎn)卵,并且其著卵百分?jǐn)?shù)高達(dá)84.20%。以3種豆類作物最適產(chǎn)卵葉面供普通大薊馬產(chǎn)卵選擇,產(chǎn)卵選擇性順序?yàn)轸共硕?花生,近85%的卵產(chǎn)在豇豆嫩葉上,菜豆嫩葉與花生嫩葉上的著卵量近似,分別占9.03%和6.67%。這說明了普通大薊馬喜歡在豇豆嫩葉上產(chǎn)卵。 2普通大薊馬實(shí)驗(yàn)種群生命表的建立 實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)溫度26±1℃,濕度Rh60士5%和光照L/D=14h/10h條件下,組建了普通大薊馬[Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall)]在豇豆[Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]、菜豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)和花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)上的實(shí)驗(yàn)種群生命表。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,普通大薊馬的最高凈增殖率、周限增長率和種群增長指數(shù)出現(xiàn)在豇豆上,分別為12.68、1.1413和13.42;在菜豆上這3個參數(shù)最低,分別為3.10、1.0692和5.47。普通大薊馬的最長世代周期、最大內(nèi)稟增長率和產(chǎn)卵量出現(xiàn)在豇豆上為19.22d、0.1322和28.05粒,花生次之為18.76d、0.1115和19.85粒,菜豆最末為17.20d、0.0670和15.77粒。菜豆上普通大薊馬種群加倍時間為10.01d,比豇豆和花生上的種群加倍時間長62-91%。普通大薊馬取食菜豆嫩葉時,未成熟期最長、存活率最低,分別為13.64d和57.03%,取食花生和豇豆嫩葉時,這兩個參數(shù)分別為12.14d、75.49%和11.97d、68.70%。并且在豇豆上的壽命明顯要長于其他兩種豆類作物,達(dá)到了33d。由此可見,3種豆類作物中,豇豆是普通大薊馬最適宜的寄主作物,而菜豆的適合度最低。 3不同成蟲性比對普通大薊馬的影響 試驗(yàn)表明,普通大薊馬既可以產(chǎn)雄孤雌生殖；也可以進(jìn)行兩性生殖,后代既有雌也有雄。兩性生殖雌蟲的壽命和產(chǎn)下的后代數(shù)量僅為孤雌生殖的55%和56%。不同成蟲性比對后代性比沒有影響,其后代性比均在0.32～0.41之間。雄蟲單日與12頭雌蟲交配,其中雌蟲的交配率為71.67%,也就是雄蟲單日可以與8.60頭雌蟲交配。普通大薊馬雌蟲在羽化后0d、3d、6d和9d與雄蟲交配,立即開始兩性生殖,其中剛羽化的雌蟲(0d)與雄蟲交配后,其產(chǎn)下的后代數(shù)量最少、壽命最短,僅有29.55頭和7.28d。
[Abstract]:Common thrips (Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall),) belong to the order Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thripidae, Megalurothrips, which is the most common species in the Oriental region. In recent years, there have been many outbreaks of common thrips in Hainan, China. In order to control the population of common big thrips, the frequent use of pesticides not only strengthens their resistance, but also leads to the serious exceeding of pesticide residues in winter vegetables. In this paper, the effects of adult ratio on larval thrips and their host selectivity were studied, and the population life tables of three kinds of legume crops were established. The results are as follows: 1 the selection of common thrips on three legume crops (cowpea, bean, peanut) was determined by leaf disc method. Common great thrips have no selectivity for both the positive and negative sides of the young leaves of cowpea and peanuts, but prefer to lay eggs on the opposite side of the leaves, because the density of fluffy hairs on the opposite side of the leaves is not suitable for oviposition. And the percentage of eggs laid was as high as 84.20. The optimum spawning leaves of three kinds of legume crops were selected for common thrips to lay eggs. The order of oviposition selectivity was cowpea bean = peanut. Nearly 85% eggs were laid on the tender leaves of cowpea, and the amount of eggs on tender leaves of bean and peanut were similar, accounting for 9.03% and 6.67%, respectively. This indicated that the common thrips preferred to lay eggs on the young leaves of cowpea. (2) the establishment of the life table of the experimental population of common great thrips was carried out under the conditions of 26 鹵1 鈩，

本文編號：2215360