發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-31 14:16

【摘要】：小流域是水土流失的基本單元,主要的水土流失來自于徑流的沖刷,然而在實(shí)測(cè)的徑流過程中,不僅包括本次降雨所形成的地表徑流、地下徑流,還包括前期降雨產(chǎn)生的徑流尚未退完的那部分水量;需要通過基流分割和流量過程線的分割將多次降雨產(chǎn)生的徑流分割開來進(jìn)行產(chǎn)流計(jì)算。為掌握山東山區(qū)丘陵區(qū)的水土流失動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)律,本研究選取處于山東典型山區(qū)丘陵區(qū)的泰安藥鄉(xiāng)小流域東溝集水區(qū),通過控制站測(cè)流堰獲取降雨徑流數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行徑流計(jì)算和洪水過程分割,同時(shí)運(yùn)用直線分割法、基流指數(shù)法和數(shù)字濾波法進(jìn)行基流分割,并比較三種方法得出結(jié)果的差異,以便找出適合該流域的基流分割方法。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)藥鄉(xiāng)小流域東溝集水區(qū)的降雨具有明顯的季節(jié)變化,83.9%的降雨集中在雨季(6-9月),其他月份降水很少,年內(nèi)分布極不均勻。侵蝕性降雨總計(jì)17場(chǎng)次,合計(jì)降雨量773.2mm。暴雨量占當(dāng)年降雨量的52.5%;小雨的降雨次數(shù)雖然最多,占了總降雨次數(shù)的80%,但是總降雨量小,僅為全年降雨量的11.9%。(2)該集水區(qū)2013年徑流量為103556.31 m3,產(chǎn)流主要集中在6-8月,且呈周期性變化,產(chǎn)流量、洪峰流量與降雨量有顯著相關(guān)性;較大的產(chǎn)流都在7月份,日最大產(chǎn)流量為7月23日的16686.92m3,與最大次降雨出現(xiàn)的日期一致。(3)基流指數(shù)法計(jì)算出的東溝集水區(qū)基流量為2928.03m3,數(shù)字濾波法計(jì)算出的基流量為3429.88m3,其中基流指數(shù)法得出的結(jié)果與直線分割法得出的2668.15 m3更為接近,說明基流指數(shù)法更適合該區(qū)域。(4)通過將7月11日到8月5日的5次洪水分割,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)漲水歷時(shí)長(zhǎng)的洪水過程退水過程也相應(yīng)較長(zhǎng),且洪水產(chǎn)生一般都滯后于降雨,前期降雨雨強(qiáng)越大,滯后時(shí)間就越短,洪峰值也越高。下一次洪水的起漲點(diǎn)都是該次洪水與上次洪水的拐點(diǎn),而上一次的洪水從該點(diǎn)處繼續(xù)退水直到結(jié)束。
[Abstract]:Small watershed is the basic unit of soil and water loss, and the main soil erosion comes from runoff erosion. However, in the measured runoff process, not only the surface runoff, but also the underground runoff formed by this rainfall are included. It also includes the part of runoff that has not been returned from the previous rainfall, and the runoff generated by multiple rainfall should be separated and calculated by dividing the basic flow and the flow process line. In order to understand the dynamic law of soil and water loss in the hilly area of Shandong mountainous area, this study selected the Donggou catchment area of Taianyao small watershed, which is located in the hilly area of typical mountainous area of Shandong Province, to obtain the rainfall runoff data through the flow measuring Weir of the control station. The runoff calculation and flood process segmentation are carried out. At the same time, the basic flow segmentation method, the basic flow index method and the digital filtering method are used to segment the basic flow, and the differences of the results obtained by the three methods are compared in order to find out the suitable basic flow segmentation method for the watershed. The main results are as follows: (1) the rainfall in Donggou catchment area of Yaoxiang small watershed has obvious seasonal variation, 83.9% of rainfall is concentrated in rainy season (June-September), the precipitation in other months is very little, and the distribution is very uneven in the year. The total number of erosive rainfall is 17, the total rainfall is 773.2 mm. The storm rainfall accounted for 52.5 percent of the rainfall in that year; although the number of light rains was the most, it accounted for 80 percent of the total rainfall, but the total rainfall was small, which was only 11.9 percent of the annual rainfall. (2) the runoff of the catchment area in 2013 was 103556.31 m3, and the runoff production was mainly concentrated in June and August. There was a significant correlation between runoff and rainfall, and the larger runoff occurred in July. The maximum daily yield is 16686.92 m3 on July 23, which is the same as that of the maximum rainfall. (3) the basic flow rate of Donggou catchment area calculated by the basic current index method is 2928.03m3, and the base flow rate calculated by digital filtering method is 3429.88m3. The results are closer to 2668.15 m ~ 3 obtained by the method of straight line segmentation. (4) by dividing the five floods from July 11 to August 5, it can be found that the process of receding water during the long flood period is also relatively long, and the flood generation generally lags behind the rainfall. The stronger the rainfall, the shorter the lag time and the higher the flood peak. The next flood starts at the inflection point between the flood and the previous flood, from which the previous flood continued to recede until the end.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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