【摘要】：目的:研究土壤動物群落動態(tài)變化和土壤理化因子對不同受損濕地的響應(yīng)機(jī)制。方法:分別在2015年的3月、6月、9月、12月,對陜西省延安市南泥灣濕地的6塊濕地樣地:分別是未退化濕地-輕度退化濕地-中度退化濕地-重度退化濕地-已墾濕地(農(nóng)田)-已退耕還濕樣地(恢復(fù)中),進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查觀測和采樣分析,結(jié)合周圍土壤環(huán)境因子(土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮、全磷、全鉀、含水率、p H)和土壤動物的分布變化,為更近一步研究土壤動物對土壤環(huán)境變化的指示得出理論依據(jù)。分析研究,得出如下結(jié)果:1、在陜西省延安市南泥灣濕地中土壤動物的優(yōu)勢類群是以蜘蛛、跳蟲和線蟲為主的,其個體數(shù)量非常大,這些類群共同形成了南泥灣濕地土壤動物的基本組成;南泥灣濕地土壤動物的垂直結(jié)構(gòu)分布在數(shù)量和個體多樣上出現(xiàn)了表聚性的異相性分布變化,南泥灣濕地土壤動物中類群數(shù)的表聚性要比土壤動物個體數(shù)量的表聚性強(qiáng)。結(jié)合南泥灣濕地不同深度土層土壤動物群落多樣性指標(biāo)來分析,季節(jié)動態(tài)變化會對南泥灣濕地土壤動物類群變化和個體數(shù)量組成產(chǎn)生影響,隨著季節(jié)的變化有些土壤動物會在土壤中進(jìn)行遷移從而去適應(yīng)其生存活動的環(huán)境,引起土壤動物垂直分布的季節(jié)性波動;陜西省延安市南泥灣濕地土壤動物群落多樣性的季節(jié)變化規(guī)律為:秋季夏季春季冬季;南泥灣濕地土壤動物類群的季節(jié)分布變化幅度較小,有的優(yōu)勢類群會橫跨幾個季節(jié),所以對季節(jié)的動態(tài)變化中評價土壤動物多樣性主要根據(jù)其個體數(shù)量的作為參考,南泥灣濕地土壤動物群落組成時間異質(zhì)性較低,相似性系數(shù)比較高。2、研究不同功能類群在不同受損濕地中的分布變化規(guī)律,形成南泥灣濕地土壤動物各功能類群對受損濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)控機(jī)制。3、綜合分析了南泥灣濕地土壤動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與土壤理化因子的相關(guān)關(guān)系,對各土壤環(huán)境因子在不同受損濕地中的季節(jié)變化做了系統(tǒng)的研究。陜北南泥灣濕地中小型土壤動物的個體總數(shù)量與土壤環(huán)境因子的相關(guān)關(guān)系比較密切。但是南泥灣濕地中大型土壤動物的類群數(shù)與土壤環(huán)境因子的相關(guān)關(guān)系卻不明顯,p H值和土壤含水量與土壤動物的類群數(shù)和個體總數(shù)量都呈現(xiàn)出負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量是最能反映土壤動物豐富度的土壤養(yǎng)分指標(biāo),全N和全P含量與土壤動物多樣性的關(guān)系有相關(guān)性,但相關(guān)關(guān)系不明顯,全K含量與土壤動物的多樣性基本無相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)論:在不同受損濕地中土壤被破壞程度越小,其土壤動物類群數(shù)量和個體總數(shù)量越多,結(jié)構(gòu)越復(fù)雜,其多樣性與豐富度指數(shù)也相對越高。南泥灣濕地中未退化濕地中土壤動物的類群數(shù)量和個體數(shù)量都較多,多樣性指數(shù)較高,說明濕地土壤受人為干擾影響較小,而已墾濕地主要是農(nóng)田為主,結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào),被破壞程度較大,所以其中土壤動物類群數(shù)和個體數(shù)量都較少,多樣性和豐富度指數(shù)較低。隨著不同類型濕地的受損程度的加重,其土壤動物的類群數(shù)量和個體總數(shù)也越來越低,環(huán)境因子中有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量很好的響應(yīng)了這種變化規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the dynamic changes of soil fauna community and the response mechanism of soil physical and chemical factors to different damaged wetlands. Methods: In March, June, September and December of 2015, six wetland samples of Nanniwan wetland in Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, were selected: undisturbed wetland, mildly degraded wetland, moderately degraded wetland, severely degraded wetland and reclaimed wetland. Farmland-returned farmland to wet sample plots (in restoration), field investigation, observation and sampling analysis, combined with the surrounding soil environmental factors (soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, water content, P H) and the distribution of soil animals change, in order to further study soil animals on the indicators of soil environmental change to obtain theoretical basis. The results are as follows: 1. The dominant groups of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province are mainly spiders, jumpers and nematodes, and their individual numbers are very large. These groups together form the basic composition of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland; the vertical structure of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland appears on the surface of quantity and individual diversity. The diversity of soil fauna community in different depths of Nanniwan wetland was analyzed. The results showed that the seasonal variation of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland was related to the variation of soil fauna community and individual quantity composition. The seasonal variation of soil fauna community diversity in Nanniwan wetland of Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province is as follows: autumn, summer, spring and winter; soil dynamics in Nanniwan wetland. The seasonal distribution of soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland is relatively small, and some dominant groups will span several seasons. Therefore, the evaluation of soil fauna diversity in seasonal dynamics is mainly based on the number of individuals. The time heterogeneity of soil fauna community composition in Nanniwan wetland is relatively low, and the similarity coefficient is relatively high. 2. Distribution and variation of soil fauna in different damaged wetlands formed the regulation mechanism of soil fauna functional groups on damaged wetland ecosystem. 3. The correlation between soil fauna community structure and soil physical and chemical factors in Nanniwan wetland was analyzed comprehensively, and the seasonal variation of soil environmental factors in different damaged wetlands was studied. The total number of small and medium-sized soil fauna in Nanniwan wetland of northern Shaanxi is closely related to soil environmental factors, but the correlation between the number of large-scale soil fauna and soil environmental factors is not obvious, and the relationship between P H value and soil water content and the number of soil fauna and the total number of individuals in Nanniwan wetland is not obvious. The contents of total N and total P were correlated with the diversity of soil animals, but the correlation was not obvious. There was no correlation between the content of total K and the diversity of soil animals. The smaller the degree of soil fauna, the more the total number of soil fauna and individual, the more complex the structure, and the higher the diversity and richness index. If the farmland is dominated, the structure is monotonous, and the degree of damage is relatively large, so the number of soil fauna groups and individuals are less, and the diversity and richness index are lower. This change rule is answered.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S154

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 徐國瑞;馬克明;;土壤動物粒徑譜研究進(jìn)展[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2017年08期

2 韓慧瑩;殷秀琴;寇新昌;;長白山地低山區(qū)土壤動物群落特征及其對環(huán)境因子變化的響應(yīng)[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2017年07期

3 王永東;鄭子成;李廷軒;申燕;;退耕還茶地土壤動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)及其動態(tài)變化[J];水土保持通報;2016年02期

4 寧應(yīng)之;武維寧;杜海峰;王紅軍;;土壤纖毛蟲群落對退耕還林生態(tài)恢復(fù)的響應(yīng)——以側(cè)柏林為例[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2016年02期

5 李曉東;史沉魚;覃國樂;覃文更;楊敏云;楊尚渝;;瀕危植物單性木蘭林區(qū)土壤動物群落結(jié)構(gòu)與季節(jié)動態(tài)[J];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2015年04期

6 鐵烈華;張林成;馮茂松;白文玉;王玲;何沛;;烘蟲溫度和時間對中小型土壤動物烘蟲分離效果的影響[J];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報;2015年01期

7 周舉花;;濕地環(huán)境對土壤動物群落的影響[J];綠色科技;2014年11期

8 陳德來;馬正學(xué);馬世榮;張博;普布;巴桑;;西藏巴嘎雪濕地夏季土壤動物群落特征[J];濕地科學(xué);2014年05期

9 金生英;嚴(yán)林;馬玉壽;陳生翠;陳伶俐;馬洪福;李琳琳;;三江源區(qū)人工草地中小型土壤動物群落特征及季節(jié)變化[J];草地學(xué)報;2014年05期

10 楊陽;張亦;;我國濕地研究現(xiàn)狀與進(jìn)展[J];環(huán)境工程;2014年07期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 王濤;大山包不同退耕年限濕地土壤理化性質(zhì)研究[D];云南師范大學(xué);2015年

2 鄒亞平;旅游活動對香格里拉縣建塘鎮(zhèn)景區(qū)土壤環(huán)境影響研究[D];云南師范大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號：2209364