發(fā)布時間：2018-08-24 19:15

【摘要】：在黃淮海地區(qū)冬小麥中高產(chǎn)田采用小區(qū)試驗,以普通尿素基施、普通尿素基施加追施作對比,研究脲醛氮占總氮30%,40%,50%,60%,70%的不同脲醛緩釋摻混肥在田間的氮素養(yǎng)分釋放特征,以及對土壤氮素養(yǎng)分、小麥產(chǎn)量、氮素利用率及經(jīng)濟效益的影響,探明合理施用脲醛緩釋肥最優(yōu)氮素配比,以達到增加產(chǎn)量、節(jié)約資源、增加經(jīng)濟效益的目的。結果表明:脲醛摻混肥氮素釋放量在小麥生育進程中呈現(xiàn)高低再高低的變化過程,脲醛氮占總氮40%或50%最有利于土壤氮素供應,脲醛氮所占比例過大或過小,都不利于小麥整個生長期氮素供應。脲醛氮占總氮40%和50%的處理小麥穗數(shù)和穗粒數(shù)表現(xiàn)較好,每公頃比普通施肥增產(chǎn)11.36%~13.67%,而脲醛氮占總氮30%,60%和70%的處理增產(chǎn)效果不顯著。與普通尿素基肥、基肥加追肥處理相比,脲醛氮占總氮40%,50%的處理氮素利用效率提高24.80%~103.87%,而脲醛氮占總氮30%,70%的氮素利用率沒有顯著變化,甚至會降低氮素利用率。脲醛氮占總氮40%,50%的處理比普通施肥處理增收1 350~1 591元/hm~2。綜合考慮資源節(jié)約、增產(chǎn)效果及增收等因素,建議在黃淮海地區(qū)冬小麥中高產(chǎn)田施肥管理中以脲醛氮占總氮40%~50%進行配比施用。
[Abstract]:In the winter wheat field with high yield in Huang-Huai-Hai area, the nitrogen release characteristics of urea formaldehyde nitrogen (UF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) slow-release mixed fertilizer (UF) with different urea formaldehyde (UF) slow-release mixed fertilizer (UF) in the field were studied by using plot experiment and topdressing with common urea base and topdressing, respectively, in the middle and high yield fields of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai area. The effects on soil nitrogen nutrient, wheat yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and economic benefit were also discussed. The optimum nitrogen ratio of UF slow-release fertilizer was proved to increase yield, save resources and increase economic benefit. The results showed that the amount of nitrogen released from UF mixed fertilizer changed from high to low during the growth process of wheat. The ratio of UF nitrogen to total nitrogen was 40% or 50%, and the proportion of UF nitrogen was too large or too small. All of them are unfavorable to the supply of nitrogen in the whole growing period of wheat. The yield of wheat panicles and grains per hectare increased by 11.36% and 13.67% per hectare under the treatment of 40% and 50% of the total nitrogen, but the yield was not significant in the treatments with the ratio of 30% and 70% of the total nitrogen. Compared with common urea base fertilizer and base fertilizer plus top dressing treatment, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the treatment, which accounted for 40% of the total nitrogen and 50% of the total nitrogen, increased the nitrogen utilization efficiency by 24.80% 103.87, while the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the treatment with urea formaldehyde nitrogen accounted for 30% and 70% of the total nitrogen did not change significantly, and even decreased the nitrogen use efficiency. The treatment with urea formaldehyde nitrogen accounting for 40% of the total nitrogen added 1 350 ~ 1 591 yuan / h ~ (-1) / hm ~ (2) compared with the common fertilizer treatment. Considering the factors of saving resources, increasing yield and increasing income, it was suggested that the proportion of urea formaldehyde nitrogen to 40% of total nitrogen should be applied in the middle and high yield field of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai area.
【作者單位】： 土肥資源高效利用國家工程實驗室;山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學資源與環(huán)境學院;五洲豐農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司;
【基金】：國家“948”重點項目(2011-G30) 企業(yè)基金項目“脲醛緩釋肥在作物上的施用效果研究”
【分類號】：S512.1;S158

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