農安縣耕地質量評價和有機碳儲量預估研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-23 14:01
【摘要】：耕地質量分等定級與評價是實現將耕地數量、質量以及分布進行科學的量化,努力實現耕地的科學、合理、依法和統(tǒng)一管理,并實現土地管理向數量、質量、生態(tài)相協調管理,從而達到科學利用的目的。農田耕地分等定級是以海量數據為基礎,其中包括行政區(qū)域圖、土地利用現狀圖、土壤圖、水文地質地貌圖、農田環(huán)境和產量分布圖等數據,并根據分等評價的目標要求進行若干類別的分區(qū)、設計土壤剖面點(固定點)和農田屬性監(jiān)測點(動態(tài)點)及采樣分析等過程,特別是農田土壤有機質的垂直分布與密度、儲量是質量評價的重要屬性之一。這些數據要經過GIS數據標準化并轉成矢量圖和柵格圖數據,進行非常繁瑣的各種分析最后實現分等與質量評價目標。本文以農用地分等定級理論為基礎,基于Arc Engine開發(fā)平臺,利用Visual Basic.NET語言方法,集合農用地分等定級規(guī)程,開發(fā)設計了農安縣耕地質量定級系統(tǒng)。在實現錄入數據、編輯、查詢和輸出功能的基礎上,還實現了自然質量分,自然等指數、利用等指數、經濟等指數、自然等別、利用等別和經濟等別的計算,為縣級耕地質量定級評價提供了一定上的技術支持。利用設計開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)對農安縣耕地質量進行定級評價,結果表明2012年農安縣耕地質量等別分布范圍為8等到13等,共計6個等別。其中自然等別主要集中在9-12等別,平均自然等別為11.21;利用等別主要集中在10-12,平均利用等別為11.06;經濟等別主要集中在10-12,平均經濟等別為11.33,三個等別都穩(wěn)定在11等別左右。耕地質量與土壤基礎肥力關系密切,而土壤基礎肥力的核心是土壤有機碳的問題,其數量的多寡和質量的好壞直接影響耕地生態(tài)功能的強弱,因此估量土壤有機質密度和儲量對評價耕地質量有重要的參考依據。本文對吉林省農安縣50個典型耕地土壤剖面分層采樣測定有機碳,并運用指數模型、對數模型、冪函數模型和S型曲線模型對剖面有機碳垂直分布模型進行研究,并結合耕層土壤有機碳的歷史數據(7600個)對農安縣1m土層耕地有機碳密度和儲量進行估算和評價。結果表明四種模型描述土壤有機碳垂直分布的可信度存在明顯差異,其中指數模型的R2為0.93以上,對數模型R2穩(wěn)定在0.88左右,冪函數模型R2介于0.7-0.8,S型曲線模型R2則達到0.97以上,S型曲線模型擬合性最好。以此為基礎,對S型曲線模型進一步完善,采用倒S曲線模型Y=Ki/(1+e x)ba?研究了有機碳的垂直分布,并利用耕層土壤有機碳(SOC)數據分析了該縣耕地土壤有機碳密度分布及其儲量。結果表明,耕地土壤有機碳可以利用耕層土壤有機碳含量(Ki)為基本參數來構建垂直分布模型,其目的將耕層土壤有機碳數據與土體有機碳垂直分布建立聯系,進而可利用以往耕層有機碳含量對一定深度的土壤有機碳密度進行估算與評價。全縣有機碳預估儲量為49512.7536×106kg,其中0-20cm有機碳儲量為14140.46×106kg,占總量的28.58%;20-40cm深度碳儲量為13110.29×106kg,占總量的26.48%;40-100cm深度碳儲量為22251.03×106kg,占總量的44.94%。
[Abstract]:Grading and evaluation of cultivated land quality is to quantify the quantity, quality and distribution of cultivated land scientifically, to manage cultivated land scientifically, rationally, legally and uniformly, and to coordinate land management with quantity, quality and ecology so as to achieve the goal of scientific utilization. Basically, it includes administrative area map, land use status map, soil map, hydrogeology and geomorphology map, farmland environment and yield distribution map, and divides several types according to the target of grading evaluation, designs soil section point (fixed point) and farmland attribute monitoring point (dynamic point) and sampling analysis, especially farmland. Vertical distribution and density of soil organic matter and reserves are one of the important attributes of quality evaluation.These data must be standardized by GIS data and transformed into vector and raster data.After a very complicated analysis,the classification and quality evaluation objectives can be achieved.Based on the theory of agricultural land classification and grading,this paper is based on ArcEngine. The farmland quality grading system of Nong'an County is developed and designed by using Visual Basic.NET language method and collecting farmland grading rules.On the basis of input data, edit, query and output functions, the natural quality score, natural index, etc. are also realized. The results show that the farmland quality grading of Nong'an County in 2012 ranges from 8 to 13, with a total of 6 gradations. The natural grade is 11.21; the utilization grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, and the average utilization grade is 11.06; the economic grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, the average economic grade is 11.33, and the three grades are stable around 11. The quality of cultivated land is closely related to the basic fertility of soil, and the core of the basic fertility of soil is the problem of soil organic carbon. The quality and quantity of soil organic matter have a direct impact on the ecological function of cultivated land, so estimating the density and reserves of soil organic matter has an important reference for evaluating the quality of cultivated land. The vertical distribution model of soil organic carbon was studied and the density and reserves of soil organic carbon in 1 m soil layer of Nong'an County were estimated and evaluated with the historical data of soil organic carbon (7 600). The logarithmic model R2 was stable at about 0.88, the power function model R2 was between 0.7 and 0.8, the S-curve model R2 was above 0.97, and the S-curve model had the best fitting ability. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content (Ki) could be used as the basic parameter to construct the vertical distribution model. The purpose of this model was to establish the relationship between the soil organic carbon data and the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon, and then to make use of the previous tillage organic carbon. The estimated reserves of soil organic carbon in the county were 49512.7536 *106 kg, of which 0-20 cm was 14140.46 *106 kg, accounting for 28.58% of the total; 20-40 cm depth was 13110.29 *106 kg, accounting for 26.48% of the total; 40-100 cm depth was 22251.03 *106 kg, accounting for 44.58% of the total. .94%.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158;S153.6
本文編號：2199288
[Abstract]:Grading and evaluation of cultivated land quality is to quantify the quantity, quality and distribution of cultivated land scientifically, to manage cultivated land scientifically, rationally, legally and uniformly, and to coordinate land management with quantity, quality and ecology so as to achieve the goal of scientific utilization. Basically, it includes administrative area map, land use status map, soil map, hydrogeology and geomorphology map, farmland environment and yield distribution map, and divides several types according to the target of grading evaluation, designs soil section point (fixed point) and farmland attribute monitoring point (dynamic point) and sampling analysis, especially farmland. Vertical distribution and density of soil organic matter and reserves are one of the important attributes of quality evaluation.These data must be standardized by GIS data and transformed into vector and raster data.After a very complicated analysis,the classification and quality evaluation objectives can be achieved.Based on the theory of agricultural land classification and grading,this paper is based on ArcEngine. The farmland quality grading system of Nong'an County is developed and designed by using Visual Basic.NET language method and collecting farmland grading rules.On the basis of input data, edit, query and output functions, the natural quality score, natural index, etc. are also realized. The results show that the farmland quality grading of Nong'an County in 2012 ranges from 8 to 13, with a total of 6 gradations. The natural grade is 11.21; the utilization grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, and the average utilization grade is 11.06; the economic grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, the average economic grade is 11.33, and the three grades are stable around 11. The quality of cultivated land is closely related to the basic fertility of soil, and the core of the basic fertility of soil is the problem of soil organic carbon. The quality and quantity of soil organic matter have a direct impact on the ecological function of cultivated land, so estimating the density and reserves of soil organic matter has an important reference for evaluating the quality of cultivated land. The vertical distribution model of soil organic carbon was studied and the density and reserves of soil organic carbon in 1 m soil layer of Nong'an County were estimated and evaluated with the historical data of soil organic carbon (7 600). The logarithmic model R2 was stable at about 0.88, the power function model R2 was between 0.7 and 0.8, the S-curve model R2 was above 0.97, and the S-curve model had the best fitting ability. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content (Ki) could be used as the basic parameter to construct the vertical distribution model. The purpose of this model was to establish the relationship between the soil organic carbon data and the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon, and then to make use of the previous tillage organic carbon. The estimated reserves of soil organic carbon in the county were 49512.7536 *106 kg, of which 0-20 cm was 14140.46 *106 kg, accounting for 28.58% of the total; 20-40 cm depth was 13110.29 *106 kg, accounting for 26.48% of the total; 40-100 cm depth was 22251.03 *106 kg, accounting for 44.58% of the total. .94%.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158;S153.6
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