農(nóng)安縣耕地質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)和有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量預(yù)估研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-23 14:01
【摘要】：耕地質(zhì)量分等定級(jí)與評(píng)價(jià)是實(shí)現(xiàn)將耕地?cái)?shù)量、質(zhì)量以及分布進(jìn)行科學(xué)的量化,努力實(shí)現(xiàn)耕地的科學(xué)、合理、依法和統(tǒng)一管理,并實(shí)現(xiàn)土地管理向數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、生態(tài)相協(xié)調(diào)管理,從而達(dá)到科學(xué)利用的目的。農(nóng)田耕地分等定級(jí)是以海量數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),其中包括行政區(qū)域圖、土地利用現(xiàn)狀圖、土壤圖、水文地質(zhì)地貌圖、農(nóng)田環(huán)境和產(chǎn)量分布圖等數(shù)據(jù),并根據(jù)分等評(píng)價(jià)的目標(biāo)要求進(jìn)行若干類別的分區(qū)、設(shè)計(jì)土壤剖面點(diǎn)(固定點(diǎn))和農(nóng)田屬性監(jiān)測點(diǎn)(動(dòng)態(tài)點(diǎn))及采樣分析等過程,特別是農(nóng)田土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的垂直分布與密度、儲(chǔ)量是質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)的重要屬性之一。這些數(shù)據(jù)要經(jīng)過GIS數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化并轉(zhuǎn)成矢量圖和柵格圖數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行非常繁瑣的各種分析最后實(shí)現(xiàn)分等與質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)目標(biāo)。本文以農(nóng)用地分等定級(jí)理論為基礎(chǔ),基于Arc Engine開發(fā)平臺(tái),利用Visual Basic.NET語言方法,集合農(nóng)用地分等定級(jí)規(guī)程,開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)了農(nóng)安縣耕地質(zhì)量定級(jí)系統(tǒng)。在實(shí)現(xiàn)錄入數(shù)據(jù)、編輯、查詢和輸出功能的基礎(chǔ)上,還實(shí)現(xiàn)了自然質(zhì)量分,自然等指數(shù)、利用等指數(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)等指數(shù)、自然等別、利用等別和經(jīng)濟(jì)等別的計(jì)算,為縣級(jí)耕地質(zhì)量定級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)提供了一定上的技術(shù)支持。利用設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)的系統(tǒng)對(duì)農(nóng)安縣耕地質(zhì)量進(jìn)行定級(jí)評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明2012年農(nóng)安縣耕地質(zhì)量等別分布范圍為8等到13等,共計(jì)6個(gè)等別。其中自然等別主要集中在9-12等別,平均自然等別為11.21;利用等別主要集中在10-12,平均利用等別為11.06;經(jīng)濟(jì)等別主要集中在10-12,平均經(jīng)濟(jì)等別為11.33,三個(gè)等別都穩(wěn)定在11等別左右。耕地質(zhì)量與土壤基礎(chǔ)肥力關(guān)系密切,而土壤基礎(chǔ)肥力的核心是土壤有機(jī)碳的問題,其數(shù)量的多寡和質(zhì)量的好壞直接影響耕地生態(tài)功能的強(qiáng)弱,因此估量土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)密度和儲(chǔ)量對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)耕地質(zhì)量有重要的參考依據(jù)。本文對(duì)吉林省農(nóng)安縣50個(gè)典型耕地土壤剖面分層采樣測定有機(jī)碳,并運(yùn)用指數(shù)模型、對(duì)數(shù)模型、冪函數(shù)模型和S型曲線模型對(duì)剖面有機(jī)碳垂直分布模型進(jìn)行研究,并結(jié)合耕層土壤有機(jī)碳的歷史數(shù)據(jù)(7600個(gè))對(duì)農(nóng)安縣1m土層耕地有機(jī)碳密度和儲(chǔ)量進(jìn)行估算和評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明四種模型描述土壤有機(jī)碳垂直分布的可信度存在明顯差異,其中指數(shù)模型的R2為0.93以上,對(duì)數(shù)模型R2穩(wěn)定在0.88左右,冪函數(shù)模型R2介于0.7-0.8,S型曲線模型R2則達(dá)到0.97以上,S型曲線模型擬合性最好。以此為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)S型曲線模型進(jìn)一步完善,采用倒S曲線模型Y=Ki/(1+e x)ba?研究了有機(jī)碳的垂直分布,并利用耕層土壤有機(jī)碳(SOC)數(shù)據(jù)分析了該縣耕地土壤有機(jī)碳密度分布及其儲(chǔ)量。結(jié)果表明,耕地土壤有機(jī)碳可以利用耕層土壤有機(jī)碳含量(Ki)為基本參數(shù)來構(gòu)建垂直分布模型,其目的將耕層土壤有機(jī)碳數(shù)據(jù)與土體有機(jī)碳垂直分布建立聯(lián)系,進(jìn)而可利用以往耕層有機(jī)碳含量對(duì)一定深度的土壤有機(jī)碳密度進(jìn)行估算與評(píng)價(jià)。全縣有機(jī)碳預(yù)估儲(chǔ)量為49512.7536×106kg,其中0-20cm有機(jī)碳儲(chǔ)量為14140.46×106kg,占總量的28.58%;20-40cm深度碳儲(chǔ)量為13110.29×106kg,占總量的26.48%;40-100cm深度碳儲(chǔ)量為22251.03×106kg,占總量的44.94%。
[Abstract]:Grading and evaluation of cultivated land quality is to quantify the quantity, quality and distribution of cultivated land scientifically, to manage cultivated land scientifically, rationally, legally and uniformly, and to coordinate land management with quantity, quality and ecology so as to achieve the goal of scientific utilization. Basically, it includes administrative area map, land use status map, soil map, hydrogeology and geomorphology map, farmland environment and yield distribution map, and divides several types according to the target of grading evaluation, designs soil section point (fixed point) and farmland attribute monitoring point (dynamic point) and sampling analysis, especially farmland. Vertical distribution and density of soil organic matter and reserves are one of the important attributes of quality evaluation.These data must be standardized by GIS data and transformed into vector and raster data.After a very complicated analysis,the classification and quality evaluation objectives can be achieved.Based on the theory of agricultural land classification and grading,this paper is based on ArcEngine. The farmland quality grading system of Nong'an County is developed and designed by using Visual Basic.NET language method and collecting farmland grading rules.On the basis of input data, edit, query and output functions, the natural quality score, natural index, etc. are also realized. The results show that the farmland quality grading of Nong'an County in 2012 ranges from 8 to 13, with a total of 6 gradations. The natural grade is 11.21; the utilization grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, and the average utilization grade is 11.06; the economic grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, the average economic grade is 11.33, and the three grades are stable around 11. The quality of cultivated land is closely related to the basic fertility of soil, and the core of the basic fertility of soil is the problem of soil organic carbon. The quality and quantity of soil organic matter have a direct impact on the ecological function of cultivated land, so estimating the density and reserves of soil organic matter has an important reference for evaluating the quality of cultivated land. The vertical distribution model of soil organic carbon was studied and the density and reserves of soil organic carbon in 1 m soil layer of Nong'an County were estimated and evaluated with the historical data of soil organic carbon (7 600). The logarithmic model R2 was stable at about 0.88, the power function model R2 was between 0.7 and 0.8, the S-curve model R2 was above 0.97, and the S-curve model had the best fitting ability. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content (Ki) could be used as the basic parameter to construct the vertical distribution model. The purpose of this model was to establish the relationship between the soil organic carbon data and the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon, and then to make use of the previous tillage organic carbon. The estimated reserves of soil organic carbon in the county were 49512.7536 *106 kg, of which 0-20 cm was 14140.46 *106 kg, accounting for 28.58% of the total; 20-40 cm depth was 13110.29 *106 kg, accounting for 26.48% of the total; 40-100 cm depth was 22251.03 *106 kg, accounting for 44.58% of the total. .94%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S158;S153.6
本文編號(hào)：2199288
[Abstract]:Grading and evaluation of cultivated land quality is to quantify the quantity, quality and distribution of cultivated land scientifically, to manage cultivated land scientifically, rationally, legally and uniformly, and to coordinate land management with quantity, quality and ecology so as to achieve the goal of scientific utilization. Basically, it includes administrative area map, land use status map, soil map, hydrogeology and geomorphology map, farmland environment and yield distribution map, and divides several types according to the target of grading evaluation, designs soil section point (fixed point) and farmland attribute monitoring point (dynamic point) and sampling analysis, especially farmland. Vertical distribution and density of soil organic matter and reserves are one of the important attributes of quality evaluation.These data must be standardized by GIS data and transformed into vector and raster data.After a very complicated analysis,the classification and quality evaluation objectives can be achieved.Based on the theory of agricultural land classification and grading,this paper is based on ArcEngine. The farmland quality grading system of Nong'an County is developed and designed by using Visual Basic.NET language method and collecting farmland grading rules.On the basis of input data, edit, query and output functions, the natural quality score, natural index, etc. are also realized. The results show that the farmland quality grading of Nong'an County in 2012 ranges from 8 to 13, with a total of 6 gradations. The natural grade is 11.21; the utilization grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, and the average utilization grade is 11.06; the economic grade is mainly concentrated in 10-12, the average economic grade is 11.33, and the three grades are stable around 11. The quality of cultivated land is closely related to the basic fertility of soil, and the core of the basic fertility of soil is the problem of soil organic carbon. The quality and quantity of soil organic matter have a direct impact on the ecological function of cultivated land, so estimating the density and reserves of soil organic matter has an important reference for evaluating the quality of cultivated land. The vertical distribution model of soil organic carbon was studied and the density and reserves of soil organic carbon in 1 m soil layer of Nong'an County were estimated and evaluated with the historical data of soil organic carbon (7 600). The logarithmic model R2 was stable at about 0.88, the power function model R2 was between 0.7 and 0.8, the S-curve model R2 was above 0.97, and the S-curve model had the best fitting ability. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content (Ki) could be used as the basic parameter to construct the vertical distribution model. The purpose of this model was to establish the relationship between the soil organic carbon data and the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon, and then to make use of the previous tillage organic carbon. The estimated reserves of soil organic carbon in the county were 49512.7536 *106 kg, of which 0-20 cm was 14140.46 *106 kg, accounting for 28.58% of the total; 20-40 cm depth was 13110.29 *106 kg, accounting for 26.48% of the total; 40-100 cm depth was 22251.03 *106 kg, accounting for 44.58% of the total. .94%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S158;S153.6
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