【摘要】：隨著新疆規(guī)模化畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，，畜禽糞便等養(yǎng)殖廢棄物已造成新疆環(huán)境的嚴(yán)重污染，并逐漸成為畜牧養(yǎng)殖業(yè)可持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的限制性因素。堆肥是實(shí)現(xiàn)畜禽糞便減量化、無(wú)害化和資源化的的重要途徑，而傳統(tǒng)堆肥堆料壓實(shí)度大、通透性差及不均勻性導(dǎo)致堆體空間傳熱和傳質(zhì)速率變異較大，與堆體傳熱傳質(zhì)相關(guān)的溫度、濕度和氧氣濃度等狀態(tài)變量存在較大的空間梯度，在堆體內(nèi)分布不均，不利于提高堆肥效率和堆肥產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，因此迫切需要高效的堆肥制劑來(lái)改善堆肥過(guò)程堆體熱質(zhì)傳遞性能。本試驗(yàn)以牛糞為堆肥原料，系統(tǒng)研究木醋液添加對(duì)牛糞堆肥過(guò)程堆體結(jié)構(gòu)性能、導(dǎo)熱性能及溫濕度場(chǎng)空間變化及堆體氧氣含量擴(kuò)散等效果的影響，掌握堆肥過(guò)程中木醋液添加對(duì)堆肥熱質(zhì)傳遞各狀態(tài)變量空間變化影響規(guī)律，研究成果可為牛糞堆肥過(guò)程中熱質(zhì)傳遞各狀態(tài)變量的調(diào)控、堆肥工藝條件的改進(jìn)以及堆肥產(chǎn)品的資源化利用提供新的技術(shù)途徑。主要研究結(jié)果如下： （1）通過(guò)牛糞好氧堆肥試驗(yàn)研究了添加木醋液對(duì)堆肥過(guò)程中空間容重變化、堆體導(dǎo)熱性能變化、溫濕度場(chǎng)變化及氧氣等氣體擴(kuò)散的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與傳統(tǒng)堆肥相比，木醋液添加能夠降低堆體容重，有利于熱量、氧氣的擴(kuò)散及水分的滲透；增大堆體空間熱導(dǎo)率，使堆體升溫速率加快，有利于加快整個(gè)堆肥系統(tǒng)熱量的平衡；增大堆體空間氧氣擴(kuò)散能力，有利于提高堆肥產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。 （2）試驗(yàn)研究了堆肥過(guò)程熱質(zhì)傳遞各狀態(tài)變量之間的的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，通過(guò)曲線擬合發(fā)現(xiàn)，堆肥過(guò)程堆體空間溫差隨熱導(dǎo)率變化符合三次方程函數(shù)關(guān)系，堆體熱導(dǎo)率對(duì)堆體空間溫差有顯著的影響。熱導(dǎo)率增大有利于縮小堆體空間溫差；堆肥過(guò)程堆體空間濕度隨堆體容重變化符合三次方程函數(shù)關(guān)系，容重對(duì)堆體空間濕度動(dòng)態(tài)變化有顯著的影響，容重減小，堆體水分滲流作用增強(qiáng)，有利于縮小堆體空間濕度差異；堆體空間氧氣含量隨堆體容重減小易擴(kuò)散，有利于促進(jìn)堆體空間氧氣分布均勻性。 （3）運(yùn)用層次分析法評(píng)價(jià)木醋液添加堆肥各處理熱質(zhì)傳遞效果，最終得出添加2.9%濃度的木醋液處理熱質(zhì)傳遞效果最好，其次是1.7%濃度木醋液處理，再次是0.5%濃度木醋液處理，最后是對(duì)照處理。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of large-scale animal husbandry in Xinjiang, livestock and poultry manure has caused serious environmental pollution in Xinjiang, and has gradually become a restrictive factor for the sustainable and healthy development of animal husbandry. Composting is an important way to realize the reduction, harmless and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure. However, the large compaction, poor permeability and inhomogeneity of the traditional compost lead to great variation of heat transfer and mass transfer rate in the heap space. The temperature, humidity, oxygen concentration and other state variables related to heat and mass transfer of the reactor have large spatial gradient, which is not conducive to improving composting efficiency and composting product quality. Therefore, efficient composting agents are urgently needed to improve the heat and mass transfer performance of composting process. In this experiment, the effects of adding wood vinegar on the structure, thermal conductivity, space variation of temperature and humidity field and diffusion of oxygen content in cow dung compost were studied systematically. In the process of composting, the effects of adding wood vinegar on the spatial variation of state variables of heat and mass transfer of compost were grasped, and the research results could be used to regulate the state variables of heat and mass transfer in the process of composting of cow dung. The improvement of composting process conditions and the utilization of compost products provide a new technical approach. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of adding wood vinegar on volume density, thermal conductivity, temperature and humidity field and oxygen diffusion during composting were studied by aerobic composting with cow dung. Compared with the traditional compost, the addition of wood vinegar liquid can reduce the bulk density of the reactor, which is beneficial to the heat, oxygen diffusion and water penetration, increase the thermal conductivity of the reactor space and accelerate the heating rate of the reactor. It is helpful to accelerate the heat balance of the whole composting system, to increase the oxygen diffusion capacity of the compost, and to improve the quality of compost products. (2) the internal relationship between the heat and mass transfer variables in the composting process is studied. According to the curve fitting, it is found that the variation of space temperature difference with thermal conductivity in composting process accords with the function of cubic equation, and the thermal conductivity of reactor has a significant effect on the space temperature difference of reactor. The increase of thermal conductivity is beneficial to the reduction of the space temperature difference, and the change of bulk humidity with bulk density in composting process accords with the cubic equation function, and the bulk density has a significant effect on the dynamic change of bulk humidity and decreases in bulk density. The effect of water seepage on the reactor is enhanced, which is helpful to reduce the difference of space humidity, and the oxygen content in the reactor is easy to diffuse with the decrease of bulk density. It is helpful to promote the uniformity of oxygen distribution in the reactor space. (3) the heat and mass transfer effect of wood vinegar added with compost is evaluated by analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the heat and mass transfer effect of wood vinegar solution with 2.9% concentration is the best. The second was 1.7% wood vinegar treatment, the second was 0.5% wood vinegar treatment, and the last was the control treatment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：塔里木大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4

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