【摘要】：以新疆核桃根際原位土著微生物為研究對(duì)象,通過采集核桃根際土壤進(jìn)行分離純化,篩選對(duì)核桃樹具有促生作用且能在其根際穩(wěn)定定殖的優(yōu)質(zhì)高效菌株,為今后核桃專用微生物肥的研制提供菌株材料。本研究以從阿克蘇、和田、喀什三個(gè)新疆核桃主產(chǎn)區(qū)采集的根際土壤為材料,先利用選擇性培養(yǎng)基對(duì)核桃根際促生菌(解磷菌、解鉀菌、固氮菌和拮抗菌)進(jìn)行分離,再分別采用溶磷圈初篩和液體搖瓶復(fù)篩法、火焰光度計(jì)法、總氮差值法以及對(duì)峙實(shí)驗(yàn)法對(duì)各促生菌的解磷、解鉀、固氮以及拮抗能力進(jìn)行測(cè)定,然后,將篩選出的菌株通過利福平誘導(dǎo)后進(jìn)行大田定殖實(shí)驗(yàn)以確保各能力的穩(wěn)定性,最后,采用16S rDNA進(jìn)行分子鑒定。結(jié)果如下:1.通過測(cè)定其促生能力,共篩選出64株根際促生菌,其中14株解磷菌,16株解鉀菌,20株固氮菌,14株拮抗菌。2.經(jīng)耐利福平誘導(dǎo)后,篩選出13株解磷菌,14株解鉀菌,10株固氮菌,7株拮抗菌。3.對(duì)篩選出的菌株進(jìn)行大田定殖實(shí)驗(yàn)后,將回收的菌株進(jìn)行菌落計(jì)數(shù)并再次測(cè)定其促生能力,最終篩選出11株解磷菌,10株解鉀菌,8株固氮菌,7株拮抗菌。4.采用16S rDNA方法,初步鑒定出解磷菌屬于4個(gè)屬,分別為微桿菌屬(Microbacterium)、不動(dòng)桿菌屬(Acinetobacter)、葡萄球菌屬(Staphylococcus)和假單胞菌屬(Pseudomonas);解鉀菌屬于3個(gè)屬,分別為Microbacterium、芽孢桿菌屬(Bacillus)和Pseudomonas;固氮菌屬于5個(gè)屬,分別為根瘤菌屬(Rhizobium)、Pseudomonas、中華根瘤菌屬(Sinorhizobium)、節(jié)桿菌屬(Arthrobacter)和Bacillus;拮抗菌屬于3個(gè)屬,分別為鏈霉菌屬(Streptomyces)、Bacillus和Pseudomonas。其中,Pseudomonas為解磷菌、解鉀菌和拮抗菌的優(yōu)勢(shì)種屬,而固氮菌的優(yōu)勢(shì)種屬為Rhizobium。
[Abstract]:By collecting walnut rhizosphere soil to isolate and purify walnut rhizosphere native microorganisms in Xinjiang, the high quality and high efficiency strains which can promote the growth of walnut trees and stabilize colonization in the rhizosphere of walnut were screened. To provide strain material for the development of special microbial fertilizer for walnut in the future. In this study, the rhizosphere soil collected from three main producing areas of walnut, Aksu, Hotan and Kashi, was isolated from the rhizosphere promoting bacteria (phosphorus releasing bacteria, potassium lytic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and antagonistic bacteria) by selective culture medium. Then the phosphorus release, potassium, nitrogen fixation and antagonistic ability of the bacteria were determined by the first screening method of dissolved phosphorus ring and the method of liquid flask recombination, flame photometer, total nitrogen difference method and confrontation experiment, respectively. The selected strains were induced by rifampicin for field colonization to ensure the stability of each ability. Finally, 16s rDNA was used for molecular identification. The result is as follows: 1. A total of 64 rhizospheric growth-promoting bacteria were screened by measuring their growth promoting capacity, of which 14 were phosphorolytic bacteria, 16 were potassium monophosphate bacteria, 20 were nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 14 were antagonistic bacteria. After induced by rifampicin, 13 strains of phosphorolytic bacteria, 14 strains of potassium bacteria, 10 strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 7 strains of antagonistic bacteria, were selected. After the field colonization experiment was carried out, the recovered strains were counted and their ability to promote growth was determined again. Finally, 11 strains of phosphorus bacteria, 10 strains of potassium bacteria, 8 strains of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 7 strains of antagonistic bacteria, were screened out. By using 16s rDNA method, four genera of phospholytic bacteria were identified, including microbacilli, (Microbacterium), Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, (Staphylococcus), Pseudomonas, (Pseudomonas);, and potassium lyase, belonging to 3 genera. They are Microbacterium, Bacillus (Bacillus) and Pseudomonas, nitrogen-fixing bacteria belong to 5 genera, (Rhizobium), (Arthrobacter) and Bacillus, and antagonistic bacteria belong to three genera, (Streptomyces) Bacillus and Pseudomonas, respectively. Among them, Pseudomonas is a phospholytic bacteria, potassium bacteria and antagonistic bacteria are dominant species, while Rhizobium is the dominant species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S664.1;S154.3

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