【摘要】：擬水狼蛛Pirata subpiraticus屬蛛形綱狼蛛科,游獵于水稻中下部位,主要以飛虱、葉蟬等害蟲為捕食對象。現(xiàn)階段,化學(xué)農(nóng)藥仍然在稻田害蟲治理體系中占據(jù)著主導(dǎo)地位,而擬水狼蛛作為水稻田間重要的控害天敵之一,同樣受到化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的各方面影響。因此,科學(xué)評價化學(xué)農(nóng)藥是合理選用農(nóng)藥、保護田間天敵蜘蛛,并充分發(fā)揮其自然控害作用的重要環(huán)節(jié)。本研究以中國稻區(qū)蜘蛛優(yōu)勢種擬水狼蛛為研究對象,系統(tǒng)觀察其繁殖行為的各階段和自殘捕食行為,并以稻田三種常用農(nóng)藥(阿維菌素、康寬、吡蚜酮)為供試藥劑,研究其田間推薦劑量對擬水狼蛛繁殖行為、自殘捕食行為的影響,具體結(jié)果如下：1、擬水狼蛛的行為擬水狼蛛的繁殖行為過程包括化學(xué)探索、求偶、交配、產(chǎn)卵、攜卵、攜幼等6個行為過程。化學(xué)探索行為是雄蛛用來判斷雌蛛的位置和評價雌蛛的狀態(tài)的過程,雌蛛評價雄蛛的過程是雄蛛的求偶過程。雄蛛化學(xué)探索和求偶時的行為活性是得到雌蛛接受交配的關(guān)鍵,雄蛛的化學(xué)探索平均可以持續(xù)(175±59)s,一次成功的求偶過程平均可以持續(xù)(7.2±2.7)s。整個交配過程平均持續(xù)(5.9±2.0)s,而交配后的自殘率也是評價交配的指標之一,1h內(nèi)的自殘率為(38.9±9.6)%。產(chǎn)卵前期平均為(8.2+2.7)天,之后的產(chǎn)卵間隔期為(10.9±1.9)天。產(chǎn)卵行為一般可分為結(jié)墊狀網(wǎng)、產(chǎn)卵、結(jié)覆蓋網(wǎng)和封閉包裝四個階段。攜卵歷期平均為(9.9±0.9)天,單個卵囊孵化量為(27±11)頭。食物豐富度可以顯著延長攜幼期時間。擬水狼蛛的自殘行為模式可以分為雌蛛、雄蛛、攜卵和攜幼等四個時期的自殘行為模式；捕食模式可分為游獵型和坐等型兩種行為模式,并且擬水狼蛛對果蠅的日捕食量要顯著高于對飛虱的日捕食量。2、稻田常用農(nóng)藥對擬水狼蛛繁殖行為的影響三種稻田常用農(nóng)藥對擬水狼蛛求偶、交配、產(chǎn)卵、孵化等階段的影響各有不同。研究結(jié)果表明：田間推薦劑量的阿維菌素顯著降低蛻皮15天后的擬水狼蛛交配時長,顯著延長蛻皮10天和20天的擬水狼蛛產(chǎn)卵前期,并且對雄蛛單方面處理后同樣顯著延長雌蛛產(chǎn)卵前期：康寬顯著降低蛻皮15天的擬水狼蛛交配時長、蛻皮20天后的求偶時長和交配時長,并且對雄蛛單方面處理后顯著降低其交配時長；吡蚜酮顯著降低蛻皮15天和20天后的蜘蛛交配時長。三種常用農(nóng)藥均顯著降低交配后的自殘率、卵囊孵化率,但對雄蛛重復(fù)求偶率和交配率無顯著影響。3、稻田常用農(nóng)藥對擬水狼蛛自殘捕食行為的影響研究結(jié)果表明：田間推薦劑量的阿維菌素顯著降低30min內(nèi)的攻擊頻次,顯著延長雄蛛攻擊潛伏期；康寬同樣顯著降低30min內(nèi)的攻擊頻次,但對攻擊潛伏期無顯著影響；吡蚜酮僅顯著降低雌蛛間的30min內(nèi)攻擊頻次。雌蛛間的自殘主要發(fā)生在5天內(nèi),而雄蛛間的自殘則主要發(fā)生在10天以后；在阿維菌素和康寬的處理后,5天內(nèi)的自殘死亡率均出現(xiàn)了一定的提高,但在吡蚜酮處理后有一定的降低影響。三種稻田農(nóng)藥的田間推薦劑量均顯著降低擬水狼蛛對果蠅捕食的攻擊頻次、捕食量及其活躍時長。
[Abstract]:Pirata subpiraticus, a member of the Arachnidae family, swims in the middle and lower parts of rice and mainly preys on insects such as planthoppers and leafhoppers. At present, chemical pesticides still play a dominant role in the pest control system in rice fields. As one of the important natural enemies of pest control in rice fields, Pirata subpiraticus is also subject to various chemical pesticides. Therefore, scientific evaluation of chemical pesticides is an important link in the rational selection of pesticides, the protection of natural enemies spiders, and the full play of their natural control role. Avermectin (Avermectin, Kangkuan, Pyrimidaclone) was used to study the effects of the recommended dosage on the reproductive behavior and self-destructive predation behavior of the tarantula. The results are as follows: 1. The reproductive behavior of the tarantula includes six behavioral processes: chemical exploration, courtship, mating, oviposition, carrying eggs and carrying young. In order to judge the position and state of female spiders, the evaluation of male spiders by female spiders is a courtship process of male spiders. The average duration of the whole mating process was (5.9 + 2.0) s. The self-mutilation rate after mating was also one of the indicators for evaluating mating. The self-mutilation rate within 1 hour was (38.9 + 9.6)%. The average pre-oviposition period was (8.2 + 2.7) days, and the interval after oviposition was (10.9 + 1.9) days. The average duration of carrying eggs was (9.9 65 The results showed that the recommended dose of abamectin had different effects on mating, mating, spawning and hatching stages of the three kinds of pesticides. After 15 days of molting, the mating time was significantly reduced, and the pre-oviposition period was significantly prolonged after 10 and 20 days of molting, and the pre-oviposition period was also significantly prolonged after unilateral treatment of male spiders: Kangkuan significantly reduced the mating time of female spiders after 15 days of molting, mating time and mating time after 20 days of molting. After unilateral treatment, the mating time of spiders was significantly reduced, and the mating time of spiders was significantly reduced after 15 and 20 days of molting by pymetrozine. The results showed that the recommended dosage of abamectin significantly decreased the attack frequency within 30 minutes and prolonged the attack latency of male spiders; Kangkuan also significantly reduced the attack frequency within 30 minutes, but had no significant effect on the attack latency; Pymetrozine only significantly reduced the attack frequency within 30 minutes among female spiders. The self-mutilation of male spiders occurred within 5 days, but mainly after 10 days. After treatment with abamectin and kangkuan, the mortality of self-mutilation increased to a certain extent, but decreased to a certain extent after treatment with pyramidine. Frequency of attack, food intake and active time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S476.2;S481

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