【摘要】：以某尾礦庫(kù)南側(cè)濕地土壤以及西側(cè)農(nóng)田土壤作為研究對(duì)象,以相對(duì)無(wú)污染的小白河黃河濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)等3個(gè)地區(qū)為對(duì)照樣地,通過(guò)測(cè)定土壤中砷(As)、鎘(Cd)、鉻(Cr)、銅(Cu)、鎳(Ni)、鉛(Pb)、鋅(Zn)元素的含量,以及全磷、水解氮、速效鉀和有機(jī)質(zhì)等養(yǎng)分含量,同時(shí)測(cè)定堿性磷酸酶、脲酶、過(guò)氧化氫酶和蔗糖酶等酶活性,評(píng)價(jià)土壤肥力狀況并分析其相關(guān)性,從而探討稀土尾礦庫(kù)復(fù)合污染對(duì)周邊土壤肥力的影響。結(jié)果顯示,濕地土壤中重金屬元素Cd、As、Pb、Cr和Ni均在不同程度上超過(guò)國(guó)家背景值,As元素超過(guò)了GB15618—1995《土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中的二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。土壤養(yǎng)分水解氮含量在濕地土壤中隨著與尾礦庫(kù)距離的增加顯著降低(P0.05),而在農(nóng)田土壤中則表現(xiàn)為逐漸上升趨勢(shì)。土壤總磷含量在尾礦庫(kù)、黃河濕地土壤中含量差異不大,在農(nóng)田土壤中總體呈下降趨勢(shì)。速效鉀含量在濕地土壤中普遍偏低,而在農(nóng)田土壤中較高,且隨著與尾礦庫(kù)距離的增加而顯著增加(P0.05)。土壤過(guò)氧化氫酶活性在濕地土壤中顯著高于農(nóng)田土壤,且在農(nóng)田土壤中隨著與尾礦庫(kù)距離的增加顯著降低(P0.05)。農(nóng)田土壤堿性磷酸酶和脲酶活性均高于尾礦庫(kù)、黃河濕地土壤,且農(nóng)田土壤中酶活性隨著與尾礦庫(kù)距離的增加而顯著增加(P0.05)。尾礦庫(kù)濕地、農(nóng)田土壤中蔗糖酶活性也是隨著與尾礦庫(kù)距離的增加而逐漸升高。土壤養(yǎng)分整體優(yōu)劣程度表現(xiàn)為有機(jī)質(zhì)全磷水解氮速效鉀,且農(nóng)田土壤濕地土壤。重金屬含量、土壤養(yǎng)分含量和土壤酶活性3類(lèi)指標(biāo)之間均有不同程度的相關(guān)性,整體而言,重金屬元素含量與土壤酶活性的相關(guān)性高于重金屬元素含量與土壤養(yǎng)分含量的相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:The wetland soil on the south side of a tailings reservoir and the farmland soil on the west side of the tailings reservoir were taken as the research objects, and three areas, namely the Xiaobaihe Yellow River Wetland Nature Reserve, which was relatively non-polluted, were taken as the control plots. The contents of (Zn), total phosphorus, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter in soil were determined by measuring the contents of as, (As), CD, Cr, Cr, Cu, Cu, (Ni), Pb, Zn, (Zn), as well as the activities of alkaline phosphatase, urease, catalase and sucrase, etc. Soil fertility was evaluated and its correlation was analyzed, so as to explore the effect of complex pollution of rare earth tailings pool on soil fertility around it. The results showed that the heavy metal elements in wetland soil were higher than the national background value, such as Cr and Ni, to some extent, and exceeded the second grade standard of GB15618-1995 (soil Environmental quality Standard). The soil nutrient hydrolyzed nitrogen content in wetland soil decreased significantly with the increase of the distance from tailing pool (P0.05), but in farmland soil it showed a gradual upward trend. The content of total phosphorus in the tailing pond and the Yellow River wetland soil had little difference, but the total phosphorus content in the farmland soil showed a downward trend. The content of available potassium was generally low in wetland soil, but higher in farmland soil, and increased significantly with the increase of distance from tailings (P0.05). The activity of catalase in wetland soil was significantly higher than that in farmland soil, and decreased significantly with the increase of the distance from tailing pool in farmland soil (P0.05). The activities of alkaline phosphatase and urease in farmland soil were higher than those in tailing pool, and the enzyme activity in soil of Yellow River wetland increased significantly with the increase of distance from tailing pool (P0.05). The activities of sucrase in the wetland and farmland soil increased with the increase of the distance from the tailing pool to the tailing pool. The whole soil nutrient level is organic matter total phosphorus hydrolyzed nitrogen available potassium, and farmland soil wetland soil. Heavy metal content, soil nutrient content and soil enzyme activity were all correlated in different degrees. The correlation between heavy metal content and soil enzyme activity was higher than that between heavy metal content and soil nutrient content.
【作者單位】： 內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)白云鄂博礦多金屬資源綜合利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)能源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)生物工程與技術(shù)研究所;內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)人文與法律學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(編號(hào):31460142) 公益性行業(yè)(環(huán)境保護(hù))科研專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(編號(hào):201309005) 內(nèi)蒙古自然科學(xué)基金(編號(hào):2014BS0311、2015MS0332)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S158;X82

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