扶桑綿粉蚧不同生殖方式的比較研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-12 13:32
【摘要】：扶桑綿粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis)是近些年來(lái)入侵我國(guó)的重要檢疫性害蟲,該蟲繁殖能力強(qiáng),寄主范圍廣,對(duì)棉花等寄主植物造成了嚴(yán)重的危害。對(duì)該蟲的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估顯示,該蟲對(duì)我國(guó)絕大部分地區(qū)具有潛在的危險(xiǎn)性。扶桑綿粉蚧是一種多食性昆蟲,目前已在全世界發(fā)現(xiàn)其寄主植物種類多達(dá)61科200余種。調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),扶桑綿粉蚧嚴(yán)重危害多種觀賞性作物和經(jīng)濟(jì)類作物,其中以棉花最為嚴(yán)重。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)扶桑綿粉蚧的生殖方式存在爭(zhēng)議,一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為其只能進(jìn)行兩性生殖,不能通過(guò)孤雌生殖產(chǎn)生后代。另一種觀點(diǎn)則認(rèn)為扶桑綿粉蚧既可以進(jìn)行孤雌生殖又可以進(jìn)行兩性生殖。為了明確該粉蚧的生殖方式,本文以棉花為寄主在溫度：27±1℃,相對(duì)濕度：70+5%,光照L：D=14：10的條件下分別對(duì)扶桑綿粉蚧的孤雌生殖和兩性生殖兩種生殖方式進(jìn)行了多代培養(yǎng)。確定了扶桑綿粉蚧生殖方式,并對(duì)扶桑綿粉蚧兩種生殖方式的產(chǎn)卵前期、產(chǎn)卵量、后代性比、產(chǎn)卵親本比例、壽命等方面做了較為詳細(xì)的比較。另外,本文還在扶桑綿粉蚧雄蟲性選擇方面做了初步的探究。研究結(jié)果如下：1. 對(duì)扶桑綿粉蚧進(jìn)行連續(xù)5代孤雌生殖培養(yǎng),結(jié)果均有后代產(chǎn)生,并且后代既有雌性,也有雄性。同時(shí)扶桑綿粉蚧也可以兩性生殖產(chǎn)生后代,所以扶桑綿粉蚧的生殖方式是兼性產(chǎn)兩性孤雌生殖。2. 比較了扶桑綿粉蚧孤雌生殖各代之間在產(chǎn)卵前期、產(chǎn)卵量、性比、產(chǎn)卵親本比例等方面的表現(xiàn),結(jié)果表明：前兩代均只有1只雌成蟲產(chǎn)后代,從第三代起產(chǎn)后代的親本數(shù)量才增加,5代的產(chǎn)卵親本比例分別為0.014、0.014、0.043、0.16、0.07。5代雌成蟲的產(chǎn)卵前期分別為14.0天,9.0天,15.0天,15.9天和12.2天：產(chǎn)卵量分別為412.0頭,587.0頭,356.7頭,342.9頭和382.4頭；性比為1.2,1.0,1.1,1.2以及1.2。產(chǎn)卵前期、產(chǎn)卵量、性比之間均無(wú)顯著差異,但是在產(chǎn)卵前期和產(chǎn)卵量的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)卵前期所需時(shí)間越久,產(chǎn)卵量有下降趨勢(shì)。雌蟲的若蟲期為13.1天,壽命為57.2天；雄蟲的若蟲期是18.7天,壽命為20.8天。雌雄兩性粉蚧在上述兩者之間均存在顯著差異性。3. 對(duì)扶桑綿粉蚧進(jìn)行3代兩性生殖培養(yǎng),探討各代之間在產(chǎn)卵前期、產(chǎn)卵量、性比、產(chǎn)卵親本比例等方面的關(guān)系,結(jié)果表明：產(chǎn)卵前期分別為：7.1天,6.7天和6.6天；產(chǎn)卵量為251.1頭,825.3頭和406.1頭；性比為1.1,1.2以及1.2。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析結(jié)果表明,扶桑綿粉蚧兩性生殖各代之間的產(chǎn)卵量存在顯著差異而產(chǎn)卵前期與性比不存在顯著差異。兩性生殖中雌蟲的壽命為32.8天,雄蟲的壽命為20.8天,兩者之間存在顯著差異性。3代產(chǎn)卵親本的比例分別為0.90、0.95、0.95,這表明扶桑綿粉蚧兩性生殖中只要雌成蟲與雄成蟲發(fā)生交配,一般均可以產(chǎn)生后代。4 將扶桑綿粉蚧孤雌生殖與兩性生殖的以上數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較發(fā)現(xiàn),兩種生殖方式的產(chǎn)卵前期存在顯著差異性,孤雌生殖為14.8天,兩性生殖為6.9天。除此之外,兩種生殖方式的產(chǎn)卵量存在顯著差異,孤雌生殖為348.3頭,兩性生殖為494.1頭,兩性生殖雌蟲的產(chǎn)卵量顯著多于孤雌生殖的產(chǎn)卵量,兩種生殖方式的后代性比大致為1,雌性稍多于雄性。扶桑綿粉蚧孤雌生殖的雌成蟲壽命約為57.2天,兩性生殖中雌成蟲的壽命約為32.8天。兩者同樣存在顯著差異。5 對(duì)扶桑綿粉蚧雄性的性選擇研究表明,交配雌成蟲尾部微微翹起,方便雄蟲與之交配。交配時(shí),雄蟲通常交配多次,而雌蟲常常只交配一次。一次平均交配時(shí)間約為2.9分鐘,同時(shí)交配時(shí)間一般不隨交配次數(shù)產(chǎn)生變化。
[Abstract]:Phenacoccus Solenopsis is an important quarantine pest invading China in recent years. It has strong reproductive ability and wide host range, causing serious damage to cotton and other host plants. The potential risk assessment of the pest shows that it has potential danger to most areas of China. More than 200 species of host plants belonging to 61 families have been found in the world. It is found that the cotton is the most serious pest among them. At present, there is a controversy about the reproductive mode of the cotton beetle. One view is that it can only reproduce sexually. In order to make clear the reproductive mode of C. fusanensis, the Parthenogenesis of C. fusanensis was carried out under the conditions of 27 1 C, 70 5 relative humidity and light L D = 14 10. Reproduction and hermaphroditism have been cultured for many generations. The reproductive mode of the cockroach has been determined, and the prophase of oviposition, the amount of oviposition, the sex ratio of offspring, the proportion of oviposition parents and the life span of the cockroach have been compared in detail. The results are as follows: 1. The parthenogenetic culture of Fusang mealy cockroaches for five generations in succession, and the offspring are both female and male. At the same time, Fusang mealy cockroaches can also reproduce sexually, so the reproductive mode of Fusang mealy cockroaches is sexual parthenogenesis. The results showed that there was only one female adult laying offspring in the first two generations, and the number of parents increased from the third generation. The proportion of parents laying offspring in the fifth generation was 0.014, 0.014, 0.043, 0.16, 0.07.5 respectively. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs laid before, during, 15.0, 15.9 and 12.2 days, respectively: 412.0, 587.0, 356.7, 342.9 and 382.4 eggs laid; sex ratios were 1.2, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.2. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs laid and sex ratios between pre-oviposition and pre-oviposition. The nymph stage of female is 13.1 days, and the longevity is 57.2 days; the nymph stage of male is 18.7 days, and the longevity is 20.8 days. There are significant differences between male and female. 3. The reproductive culture of three generations of Fusang cockroaches was carried out to study the preoviposition, oviposition, sex ratio, and the ratio of parents to spawning. The results showed that: 7.1 days, 6.7 days and 6.6 days before oviposition; 251.1 eggs, 825.3 eggs and 406.1 eggs; sex ratios were 1.1, 1.2 and 1.2. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the number of eggs laid between the generations, but there was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid before oviposition and sex ratio. The longevity of male and female adults were 32.8 days and 20.8 days respectively, and there was significant difference between them. The ratios of oviposition parents of the three generations were 0.90, 0.95 and 0.95, respectively. This indicated that the above numbers of parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism could be produced if the female adults mated with the male adults. According to the comparison, there are significant differences between the two reproductive methods in the pre-oviposition period. Parthenogenesis is 14.8 days, and bisexual reproduction is 6.9 days. The life span of female adults in parthenogenesis is about 57.2 days, and that of female adults in sexual reproduction is about 32.8 days. When mating, the males usually mate many times, while the females often only mate once. The average mating time is about 2.9 minutes, and the mating time does not change with the mating times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S433
本文編號(hào)：2179206
[Abstract]:Phenacoccus Solenopsis is an important quarantine pest invading China in recent years. It has strong reproductive ability and wide host range, causing serious damage to cotton and other host plants. The potential risk assessment of the pest shows that it has potential danger to most areas of China. More than 200 species of host plants belonging to 61 families have been found in the world. It is found that the cotton is the most serious pest among them. At present, there is a controversy about the reproductive mode of the cotton beetle. One view is that it can only reproduce sexually. In order to make clear the reproductive mode of C. fusanensis, the Parthenogenesis of C. fusanensis was carried out under the conditions of 27 1 C, 70 5 relative humidity and light L D = 14 10. Reproduction and hermaphroditism have been cultured for many generations. The reproductive mode of the cockroach has been determined, and the prophase of oviposition, the amount of oviposition, the sex ratio of offspring, the proportion of oviposition parents and the life span of the cockroach have been compared in detail. The results are as follows: 1. The parthenogenetic culture of Fusang mealy cockroaches for five generations in succession, and the offspring are both female and male. At the same time, Fusang mealy cockroaches can also reproduce sexually, so the reproductive mode of Fusang mealy cockroaches is sexual parthenogenesis. The results showed that there was only one female adult laying offspring in the first two generations, and the number of parents increased from the third generation. The proportion of parents laying offspring in the fifth generation was 0.014, 0.014, 0.043, 0.16, 0.07.5 respectively. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs laid before, during, 15.0, 15.9 and 12.2 days, respectively: 412.0, 587.0, 356.7, 342.9 and 382.4 eggs laid; sex ratios were 1.2, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.2. There were no significant differences in the number of eggs laid and sex ratios between pre-oviposition and pre-oviposition. The nymph stage of female is 13.1 days, and the longevity is 57.2 days; the nymph stage of male is 18.7 days, and the longevity is 20.8 days. There are significant differences between male and female. 3. The reproductive culture of three generations of Fusang cockroaches was carried out to study the preoviposition, oviposition, sex ratio, and the ratio of parents to spawning. The results showed that: 7.1 days, 6.7 days and 6.6 days before oviposition; 251.1 eggs, 825.3 eggs and 406.1 eggs; sex ratios were 1.1, 1.2 and 1.2. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the number of eggs laid between the generations, but there was no significant difference in the number of eggs laid before oviposition and sex ratio. The longevity of male and female adults were 32.8 days and 20.8 days respectively, and there was significant difference between them. The ratios of oviposition parents of the three generations were 0.90, 0.95 and 0.95, respectively. This indicated that the above numbers of parthenogenesis and hermaphroditism could be produced if the female adults mated with the male adults. According to the comparison, there are significant differences between the two reproductive methods in the pre-oviposition period. Parthenogenesis is 14.8 days, and bisexual reproduction is 6.9 days. The life span of female adults in parthenogenesis is about 57.2 days, and that of female adults in sexual reproduction is about 32.8 days. When mating, the males usually mate many times, while the females often only mate once. The average mating time is about 2.9 minutes, and the mating time does not change with the mating times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S433
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