【摘要】：核桃是山西的一種特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,種植面積達(dá)40萬(wàn)公頃。核桃青皮是核桃外部一層厚厚的綠色果皮,其主要成分有萘醌及其苷類、黃酮及其苷類、二芳基庚烷類、萜類、有機(jī)酸類等一系列化合物。核桃青皮具有化感作用,能夠抑制土壤中氮硝化、減少N2O等氮氧化物的排放。此外,核桃青皮作為有機(jī)物質(zhì)施入土壤可以提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量。本文采用模擬土培試驗(yàn)比較了核桃青皮與雙氰胺(DCD)和楝粉對(duì)氮的硝化作用的抑制效果,篩選出核桃青皮抑制氮硝化作用較適宜的用量,探討了核桃青皮在酶學(xué)和微生物學(xué)上的硝化抑制機(jī)理,旨在為核桃青皮作為一種生物硝化抑制劑提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1核桃青皮施入土壤可以顯著降低尿素在土壤轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中NO3--N的含量而增加NH4+-N含量。土壤中加入0.5 g/kg和1 g/kg核桃青皮,與對(duì)照相比NO3--N含量分別降低46.26%和57.89%;NH4+-N含量分別增加370.05%和406.46%。核桃青皮有抑制土壤中脲酶活性、提高土壤硝酸還原酶活性和亞硝酸還原酶活性的作用,不同青皮用量處理間差異顯著,與對(duì)照相比脲酶活性分別降低9.04%和15.73%,硝酸還原酶活性分別增加20.30%和73.81%,亞硝酸還原酶活性分別增加12.37%和40.82%。核桃青皮用量為1 g/kg土?xí)r效果明顯。2核桃青皮、DCD和楝粉都能抑制NH4+-N向NO3--N的氧化過(guò)程,降低尿素在土壤轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程中NO3--N含量而增加NH4+-N含量,與對(duì)照相比NO3--N含量分別下降58.50%、66.92%和55.30%,NH4+-N含量分別升高428.57%、814.28%和289.10%。核桃青皮、DCD和楝粉均有抑制土壤中脲酶活性,提高土壤中硝酸還原酶活性和亞硝酸還原酶活性的作用,與對(duì)照相比脲酶活性分別降低2.83%、10.42%和8.34%,處理間差異不顯著;硝酸還原酶活性分別增加25.79%、77.79%和17.07%,處理間差異顯著;亞硝酸還原酶活性分別增加32.10%、53.91%和26.32%,處理間差異顯著。抑制效果DCD核桃青皮楝粉。3核桃青皮、DCD和楝粉有抑制土壤中氨氧化菌、促進(jìn)反硝化菌繁殖的作用。試驗(yàn)初期各處理間有顯著性差異,作用效果DCD核桃青皮楝粉,與對(duì)照相比氨氧化菌分別降低93.15%,93.55%和91.71%,反硝化菌分別增加673.33%,1040.72%和464.44%;培養(yǎng)后期各處理差異不顯著。
[Abstract]:Walnut is a characteristic agricultural product in Shanxi Province, with an area of 400000 hectares. Walnut green peel is a thick green peel of walnut. Its main components are naphthoquinone and its glycosides, flavonoids and its glycosides, diaryl heptane, terpenes, organic acids and a series of compounds. Walnut green peel has allelopathic effect, which can inhibit nitrogen nitrification in soil and reduce N _ 2O emission. In addition, the application of walnut green peel into soil as organic matter can increase the content of soil organic matter. In this paper, simulated soil culture test was used to compare the effect of inhibition of nitrogen nitrification between walnut green peel and dicyandiamide (DCD) and azadirachta powder. The inhibition mechanism of nitrification on walnut green peel in enzymology and microbiology was discussed in order to provide scientific basis for walnut green skin as a biological nitrification inhibitor. The results showed that the content of NO3--N and the content of NH4-N in the soil were significantly decreased and increased by adding the green peel of walnut to the soil with the application of 1: 1 walnut green peel in the process of soil transformation. Adding 0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg of walnut green peel decreased the content of NO3--N by 46.26% and 57.89%, respectively, and increased the content of NH4-N by 370.05% and 406.46%, respectively. Walnut green peel could inhibit urease activity, increase nitrate reductase activity and nitrite reductase activity in soil. Compared with the control, urease activity decreased by 9.04% and 15.73%, nitrate reductase activity increased 20.30% and 73.81%, nitrite reductase activity increased 12.37% and 40.82%, respectively. When the amount of walnut green peel was 1 g/kg, the effect was obvious. 2. Both walnut green peel DCD and azadirachta powder could inhibit the oxidation of NH4 -N to NO3--N, decrease the NO3--N content and increase NH4 N content during soil transformation. Compared with the control, the content of NO3--N decreased by 58.50% and the content of NH _ 4-N increased by 428.57 ~ 814.28% and 289.10% respectively. Both DCD and azadirachta powder could inhibit urease activity and increase nitrate reductase activity and nitrite reductase activity in soil. Compared with the control, the urease activity decreased by 2.83% and 8.34%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the treatments. The activity of nitrate reductase increased 25.79% and 17.07%, respectively, and the activity of nitrite reductase increased 32.10% 53.91% and 26.32%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of DCD powder of walnut peel. 3. 3 walnut peel DCD and Melia azedarach powder can inhibit ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in soil and promote the reproduction of denitrifying bacteria. At the beginning of the experiment, there were significant differences among the treatments, and the effect of DCD on pecan peel azadirachta powder was 93.15% and 91.71% lower than that of the control, respectively, and the denitrifying bacteria increased by 673.33 1040.72% and 464.44%, respectively, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments in the later stage of culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S664.1;S153

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