【摘要】：為明確油菜秸稈還田對(duì)土壤環(huán)境及水稻根系生長的影響,該研究采用田間試驗(yàn)與栽培模擬試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法,分析了油菜秸稈還田后,稻田土壤氧化還原電位(EH值)、還原性物質(zhì)總量和Fe2+含量的變化規(guī)律及水稻苗期根系數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、體積、長度和傷流強(qiáng)度等的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,1)油菜秸稈覆蓋或翻埋條件下,稻田土壤氧化還原電位日均變化量(RCEH值)表現(xiàn)為先降低后增加的趨勢(shì),而土壤還原性物質(zhì)總量日均變化量(RCRRM值)和土壤二價(jià)鐵含量日均變化量(RCFe值)表現(xiàn)為先增加后降低的趨勢(shì);其中水稻移栽后14~18 d土壤RCEH值最低,移栽后10~14 d和14~22 d土壤RCRRM值(0.28~0.62 cmol/(kg·d))和RCFe值(5.0~31.6μg/(kg·d))達(dá)到最大。2)油菜秸稈覆蓋或翻埋條件下,隨著秸稈還田量的增加,水稻根系總量(數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、體積和長度)、白根數(shù)量和根系傷流強(qiáng)度顯著降低;與覆蓋相比,油菜秸稈翻埋對(duì)水稻根系傷流日均變化量(RC_(RBI))的影響時(shí)間更長,水稻根系體積日均變化量(RCRVT值)和質(zhì)量日均變化量(RCRQT值)的緩慢增長期延長了4 d。3)水稻移栽后10~22 d,油菜秸稈還田對(duì)稻田土壤環(huán)境和水稻根系生長的影響最顯著;移栽后27~32 d,油菜秸稈還田對(duì)水稻根系生長的影響程度顯著降低。油菜秸稈還田條件下,隨著秸稈還田量增加,水稻苗期的土壤氧化還原電位顯著降低,土壤還原性物質(zhì)總量和Fe2+含量顯著增加;水稻根系總量(數(shù)量、質(zhì)量、體積和長度)和根系活力(白根數(shù)量和根系傷流強(qiáng)度)顯著降低。在四川油稻兩熟區(qū),油菜秸稈還田量以全量還田為宜,適宜機(jī)械作業(yè)的田塊以油菜秸稈翻埋還田為宜。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the effect of rape straw returning to soil environment and rice root growth, the field experiment and cultivation simulation experiment were used to analyze the effect of rape straw on soil environment and rice root growth. The changes of soil redox potential (EH), total amount of reducing matter and Fe2 content, and the changes of root system quantity, mass, volume, length and injury intensity of rice seedlings were studied. The results showed that (1) under the condition of rape straw mulching or burying, the average daily change of redox potential (RCEH) of paddy soil showed a tendency of decreasing first and then increasing. However, the average daily variation of soil total reducing matter (RCRRM) and divalent iron content (RCFe) increased first and then decreased, and the RCEH value of soil was the lowest at 1418 days after rice transplanting. Under the conditions of rape straw mulching or burying, the total root system (quantity and quality) of rice roots increased with the increase of straw returning amount under the condition of soil RCRRM value (0.28 ~ 0.62 cmol/ (kg d) and RCFe value (5.0N 31.6 渭 g / (kg d) reached the maximum at 10 ~ 14 and 1422 days after transplanting. The number of white roots and the intensity of root injury were significantly decreased, compared with mulching, rape straw mulching had a longer effect on the daily variation of root injury (RC _ (RBI). The slow increasing period of root volume (RCRVT) and mass daily variation (RCRQT) was prolonged by 4 days. 3) 1022 days after transplanting rice, the effect of rape straw returning to the field on soil environment and root growth of rice was the most significant. The effect of rape straw returning to the field on the root growth of rice decreased significantly after 27 ~ 32 days of transplanting. Under the condition of returning rape straw to the field, with the increase of straw return, the redox potential of soil at seedling stage of rice decreased significantly, the total amount of soil reducing matter and the content of Fe2 increased significantly, the total amount (quantity, quality) of root system of rice increased significantly. Volume and length) and root activity (white root number and root drainage intensity) decreased significantly. In the oil-rice double cropping area of Sichuan, the suitable amount of rape straw returning to the field is the whole amount, and the suitable field suitable for mechanical operation is rape straw to be turned over and returned to the field.
【作者單位】： 西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院;西南科技大學(xué)生命科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然基金項(xiàng)目(31401347;31601269) 國家糧食豐產(chǎn)增效科技創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0300210) 四川省育種攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目(2016NYZ0028) 水稻生物學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室項(xiàng)目(160202)聯(lián)合資助
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4;S511

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