【摘要】：[目的]探討不同防護(hù)林結(jié)構(gòu)的配置、不同林齡草牧場防護(hù)林對土壤腐殖質(zhì)碳組分特征和酶活性的影響及其兩者的關(guān)系,尋找最佳草牧場防護(hù)林結(jié)構(gòu)的配置方式。[方法]采用對比分析的方法,對草牧場防護(hù)林和無林草牧場(對照)土壤腐殖質(zhì)碳組分特征和土壤酶活性進(jìn)行了研究。[結(jié)果]林齡為15年距林帶0 m處,網(wǎng)格狀草牧場防護(hù)林的胡敏酸和富里酸總碳量、胡敏酸碳組分、富里酸碳組分和胡敏素的含量以及過氧化氫酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶的活性等測定指標(biāo)均分別比對照顯著提高70.26%、120.97%、73.76%、139.84%、51.80%、85.00%、42.17%、94.65%、53.77%、49.81%;與帶狀、疏林狀草牧場防護(hù)林相比,網(wǎng)格狀草牧場防護(hù)林除土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、富里酸碳組分、胡敏素、蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶的差異不顯著外,以上10個測定指標(biāo)中的其余指標(biāo)差異均顯著。對于網(wǎng)格狀草牧場防護(hù)林,土壤富里酸碳組分、胡敏素、多酚氧化酶、脲酶等測定指標(biāo)在林齡為1~5年時隨其增大而增加,5~15年緩慢降低,15年后下降速度增大;距離林帶50 m處土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、胡敏素、多酚氧化酶活性高于距離防護(hù)林0 m和100 m,且100 m處較0 m處低,其它測定指標(biāo)基本上隨距離林帶距離的增加而減小。距離防護(hù)林帶100 m處時,部分指標(biāo)與對照差異不顯著,土壤改良效益基本消失。胡敏酸和富里酸總碳量與過氧化氫酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶呈極顯著正相關(guān),胡敏酸與蛋白酶呈極顯著正相關(guān);富里酸與過氧化氫酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶呈極顯著正相關(guān);胡敏素與蔗糖酶呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。[結(jié)論]林齡為5年的網(wǎng)格狀防護(hù)林土壤富里酸碳組分、胡敏素、多酚氧化酶和脲酶活性等最佳;對防護(hù)林及其多數(shù)土壤腐殖質(zhì)碳組分和酶活性升高的分析表明,網(wǎng)格狀防護(hù)林的帶間距應(yīng)小于200 m。
[Abstract]:[objective] to explore the configuration of different shelterbelt structures, the effects of shelterbelts of different ages on soil humus carbon composition and enzyme activity, and the relationship between them, and to find out the best allocation mode of shelterbelt structure. [methods] the characteristics of soil humus carbon components and soil enzyme activity in shelterbelt and non-forest pasture (control) were studied by means of comparative analysis. [results] the total carbon content of Hu Min acid and fulvic acid, the content of Hu Min acid carbon component, the content of fulvic acid carbon component and humin, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, urease in the shelterbelt of grid grass pasture for 15 years from 0 m away from the forest belt, and the total carbon content of Hu Min acid and fulvic acid, and the content of humin, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, etc. Compared with the control, the activity of protease and phosphatase were significantly increased by 70.266.97 and 73.760.139.840.51.800.8055.00mg / 42.170.455.650.Compared with the zonal, thinly forested pasture shelter forest, the grid grass pasture shelter forest removed soil organic matter, carbohydrate rich components, humin, sucrase, protease, hydrolysate, sucrase, protease, soil organic matter, humin, sucrase, protease, etc. The difference of phosphatase was not significant, but the other indexes of the above 10 indexes were all significant. For the shelterbelt with grid grass pasture, the contents of soil fulvic acid carbon, humin, polyphenol oxidase and urease increased with the increase of forest age from 1 to 5 years and decreased slowly for 5 ~ 15 years, and the decreasing rate increased after 15 years. The activities of soil organic matter, humin and polyphenol oxidase in 50m distance forest belt were higher than those in shelter forest (0 m and 100 m), and at 100 m were lower than that at 0 m. The other indexes decreased with the increase of distance between forest belt and forest belt. At 100 m from the shelterbelt, there was no significant difference between some indexes and the control, and the benefit of soil improvement basically disappeared. The total carbon content of Hu Min acid and fulvic acid was significantly positively correlated with catalase, polyphenol oxidase, urease, phosphatase, Hu Min acid and protease, while fulvic acid was positively correlated with catalase, sucrase, urease. The correlation between phosphatase and sucrase was extremely significant and negative correlation was found between humin and sucrase. [conclusion] the carbon fractions of fulvic acid, humin, polyphenol oxidase and urease activity in the soil of the shelterbelt with 5 years old were the best, and the analysis of the increase of the carbon component and enzyme activity of humus in the shelterbelt and most of the soil showed that, The spacing of the grid shelterbelt should be less than 200 m.
【作者單位】： 東北林業(yè)大學(xué);內(nèi)蒙古林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院生態(tài)功能與森林碳匯研究所;黑龍江省有色金屬地質(zhì)勘查研究總院;
【基金】：國家林業(yè)局科技成果推廣項目(2012-45) 科技部農(nóng)業(yè)科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化資金項目(2011GB23600010)
【分類號】：S714

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