連作楊樹人工林土壤有機碳儲量與碳循環(huán)過程研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-04 19:37
【摘要】：楊樹是我國最重要的速生豐產樹種,在緩解木材供需矛盾中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。然而在栽植面積快速增長的同時,楊樹連作現象也越發(fā)普遍。連作會導致人工林地土壤養(yǎng)分有效性降低、微生物群落結構失衡,并加劇土壤的自毒效應,進而引起林分生產力下降,嚴重制約人工林的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。然而楊樹連作是否會影響土壤碳儲量與碳循環(huán)過程,目前尚不清楚�；诖�,本研究以大汶河沿岸沙地不同連作代數(一代林、二代林和三代林)I-107楊樹人工林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為研究對象,采用空間代替時間的研究方法,從土壤碳含量和碳儲量、土壤酶活性、凋落物分解以及土壤呼吸及其組分等方面探討連作楊樹人工林的土壤碳過程,重點闡明土壤碳循環(huán)過程的影響因子,揭示連作對楊樹人工林土壤碳循環(huán)的影響機制。本研究從土壤碳循環(huán)角度探究楊樹人工林的連作效應。研究成果可為全面探究楊樹人工林碳固持和連作障礙提供基礎數據,同時為楊樹人工林地力維持和可持續(xù)經營提供科學依據。主要研究結論如下:(1)三種不同連作代數楊樹人工林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤有機碳含量和微生物量碳含量在0~100cm土壤深度內隨土層的加深而減少,楊樹人工林連作使土壤上層(0~40cm)的有機碳含量和微生物量碳含量顯著減少,而對深層土壤(60~100cm)無顯著影響。連作會導致土壤理化性質和養(yǎng)分含量下降,造成林地養(yǎng)分虧缺。楊樹人工林種植提高了土壤脲酶、過氧化氫酶以及?-葡萄糖苷酶活性,楊樹人工林連作則降低了土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶以及?-葡萄糖苷酶活性,反而提高了過氧化氫酶活性。(2)楊樹人工林連作同時降低了凋落葉和細根的分解速率。凋落葉和細根在1a內的分解速率均呈現出明顯慢-快-慢的階段性特征。楊樹細根的分解速率快于凋落葉,其達到95%的分解率分別大致需要3.3a和4.06a;土壤有機碳含量、土壤微生物量碳含量以及土壤?-葡萄糖苷酶活性顯著影響兩種類型凋落物的分解速率。(3)三種林分RS、RA和RH的日變化和月變化均呈現出明顯的單峰格局;RA平均貢獻率為40.04%,且存在季節(jié)差異;土壤呼吸速率及其各組分與5cm處土壤溫度存在顯著的指數關系,與土壤含水量之間沒有相關性,同時包含土壤溫濕度的冪-指數模型能夠更好地表示土壤呼吸速率與土壤溫濕度的關系,RA的溫度敏感性(Q10)大于RH;連作抑制了楊樹人工林的RS和RH,連作過后土壤理化性質和微生物生物量的下降是導致其土壤呼吸速率差異的主要原因。(4)三種林分土壤SOCR和MBCR均隨連作代數的增加而減小。連作條件下,三種林分土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)均表現為“碳匯”,楊樹人工林連作不利于土壤有機碳的積累和碳貯存。凋落物分解是人工林土壤養(yǎng)分的主要來源,楊樹連作減少了林地土壤碳輸入,同時降低了林地土壤呼吸速率以及凋落物分解速率,在抑制土壤碳周轉的同時減緩了養(yǎng)分釋放效率和強度,致使林地土壤養(yǎng)分供應不足,造成林地養(yǎng)分虧缺,進而導致林地生產力下降。因此,楊樹連作不利于林地生產力的提高,在楊樹人工林的經營過程中,應盡量避免連作經營,并采取人工施加有機肥等措施緩解連作障礙。
[Abstract]:Poplar is the most important fast-growing and high yield tree species in China. It plays an important role in alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of wood. However, the continuous cropping of poplar is more common when the planting area is growing rapidly. Continuous cropping will lead to the decrease of soil nutrient availability, the imbalance of microbial community structure and the self toxic effect of soil, and then the self toxicity effect of soil is aggravated. However, it is not clear whether the poplar continuous cropping will affect the soil carbon storage and carbon cycle process. Based on this, this study takes the I-107 poplar plantation ecosystem of different continuous cropping Algebras (one generation forest, two generation forest and three generation forest) on the sandy land along the great Wen River, and takes the ecological system of poplar plantation as the research object. The soil carbon content and carbon storage, soil enzyme activity, litter decomposition and soil respiration and its composition were discussed with space instead of time. The influence factors of soil carbon cycle in soil carbon cycle were clarified, and the influence mechanism of continuous cropping on soil carbon cycle in poplar plantation was revealed. The research results can provide basic data for the comprehensive exploration of carbon fixation and continuous cropping barriers of poplar plantation, and provide a scientific basis for the maintenance and sustainable management of poplar artificial forestland. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) three different continuous cropping algebraic poplar artificial Lin Sheng Soil organic carbon content and microbial biomass carbon content decreased with soil depth in 0~100cm soil depth. Poplar plantation continuous cropping reduced soil organic carbon content and microbial biomass carbon content significantly, but had no significant effect on deep soil (60~100cm). Continuous cropping would lead to soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient content. Soil urease, catalase and glucosidase activity were increased by plantation of poplar plantation, and the activity of sucrase, urease and glucosidase in the poplar plantation decreased, but increased the activity of catalase. (2) the continuous cropping of Poplar Plantation decreased the litter and fine roots simultaneously. The decomposition rate of the litter and fine roots in the 1A showed a distinct slow fast slow phase characteristic. The decomposition rate of the fine root of the poplar was faster than that of the litters. The 95% decomposition rate of the poplar was approximately 3.3a and 4.06a, respectively, and the soil organic carbon content, soil microbial biomass carbon content and soil glucosidase activity were significantly affected. The decomposition rate of two types of litter. (3) the diurnal and monthly changes of the three species of RS, RA and RH all showed an obvious single peak pattern; the average contribution rate of RA was 40.04%, and there was a seasonal difference; the soil respiration rate and its components were significantly related to the soil temperature at 5cm, and there was no correlation with the soil water content. The power exponential model containing soil temperature and humidity can better indicate the relationship between soil respiration rate and soil temperature and humidity, the temperature sensitivity of RA (Q10) is greater than RH, and continuous cropping inhibits the RS and RH of poplar plantation. After continuous cropping, the decrease of soil physical and chemical properties and microbial biomass is the main reason for the difference of soil respiration rate. (4) The SOCR and MBCR of the three stand soil decreased with the increase of continuous cropping algebra. Under continuous cropping, the soil ecosystem of the three stands was "carbon sink". The continuous cropping of poplar plantation was not beneficial to the accumulation of soil organic carbon and carbon storage. Litter decomposition was the main source of soil nutrients in the plantation, and the poplar continuous cropping reduced the soil carbon transport in the forest soil. At the same time, the soil respiration rate and litter decomposition rate decreased, while the soil carbon turnover was inhibited and the nutrient release efficiency and intensity were slowed down, which resulted in the lack of nutrient supply in the woodland soil, resulting in the loss of woodland nutrient and the decline of the productivity of woodland. Therefore, the poplar continuous cropping was not conducive to the increase of woodland productivity, and in poplar trees. In the process of plantation management, continuous cropping management should be avoided as much as possible, and measures such as artificial application of organic fertilizer should be adopted to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.
【學位授予單位】：山東農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S714
[Abstract]:Poplar is the most important fast-growing and high yield tree species in China. It plays an important role in alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of wood. However, the continuous cropping of poplar is more common when the planting area is growing rapidly. Continuous cropping will lead to the decrease of soil nutrient availability, the imbalance of microbial community structure and the self toxic effect of soil, and then the self toxicity effect of soil is aggravated. However, it is not clear whether the poplar continuous cropping will affect the soil carbon storage and carbon cycle process. Based on this, this study takes the I-107 poplar plantation ecosystem of different continuous cropping Algebras (one generation forest, two generation forest and three generation forest) on the sandy land along the great Wen River, and takes the ecological system of poplar plantation as the research object. The soil carbon content and carbon storage, soil enzyme activity, litter decomposition and soil respiration and its composition were discussed with space instead of time. The influence factors of soil carbon cycle in soil carbon cycle were clarified, and the influence mechanism of continuous cropping on soil carbon cycle in poplar plantation was revealed. The research results can provide basic data for the comprehensive exploration of carbon fixation and continuous cropping barriers of poplar plantation, and provide a scientific basis for the maintenance and sustainable management of poplar artificial forestland. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) three different continuous cropping algebraic poplar artificial Lin Sheng Soil organic carbon content and microbial biomass carbon content decreased with soil depth in 0~100cm soil depth. Poplar plantation continuous cropping reduced soil organic carbon content and microbial biomass carbon content significantly, but had no significant effect on deep soil (60~100cm). Continuous cropping would lead to soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient content. Soil urease, catalase and glucosidase activity were increased by plantation of poplar plantation, and the activity of sucrase, urease and glucosidase in the poplar plantation decreased, but increased the activity of catalase. (2) the continuous cropping of Poplar Plantation decreased the litter and fine roots simultaneously. The decomposition rate of the litter and fine roots in the 1A showed a distinct slow fast slow phase characteristic. The decomposition rate of the fine root of the poplar was faster than that of the litters. The 95% decomposition rate of the poplar was approximately 3.3a and 4.06a, respectively, and the soil organic carbon content, soil microbial biomass carbon content and soil glucosidase activity were significantly affected. The decomposition rate of two types of litter. (3) the diurnal and monthly changes of the three species of RS, RA and RH all showed an obvious single peak pattern; the average contribution rate of RA was 40.04%, and there was a seasonal difference; the soil respiration rate and its components were significantly related to the soil temperature at 5cm, and there was no correlation with the soil water content. The power exponential model containing soil temperature and humidity can better indicate the relationship between soil respiration rate and soil temperature and humidity, the temperature sensitivity of RA (Q10) is greater than RH, and continuous cropping inhibits the RS and RH of poplar plantation. After continuous cropping, the decrease of soil physical and chemical properties and microbial biomass is the main reason for the difference of soil respiration rate. (4) The SOCR and MBCR of the three stand soil decreased with the increase of continuous cropping algebra. Under continuous cropping, the soil ecosystem of the three stands was "carbon sink". The continuous cropping of poplar plantation was not beneficial to the accumulation of soil organic carbon and carbon storage. Litter decomposition was the main source of soil nutrients in the plantation, and the poplar continuous cropping reduced the soil carbon transport in the forest soil. At the same time, the soil respiration rate and litter decomposition rate decreased, while the soil carbon turnover was inhibited and the nutrient release efficiency and intensity were slowed down, which resulted in the lack of nutrient supply in the woodland soil, resulting in the loss of woodland nutrient and the decline of the productivity of woodland. Therefore, the poplar continuous cropping was not conducive to the increase of woodland productivity, and in poplar trees. In the process of plantation management, continuous cropping management should be avoided as much as possible, and measures such as artificial application of organic fertilizer should be adopted to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.
【學位授予單位】：山東農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S714
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