【摘要】：土壤是人類的重要資源,是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)。土壤分類是土壤調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ),反映了土壤科學(xué)水平。吉林省獨特的氣候環(huán)境和地形地貌決定了其土壤類型空間分布的獨特性和多樣性。本研究通過對27個典型剖面的野外調(diào)查和室內(nèi)分析,依據(jù)《中國土壤系統(tǒng)分類檢索(第三版)》和《中國土壤系統(tǒng)分類土族和土系劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,確定了典型土壤剖面的診斷層和診斷特性,劃分了高級分類單元和基層分類單元,建立了新的土系。通過研究主要獲得以下結(jié)論:(1)由于吉林省由東到西氣候環(huán)境和地形地貌差異顯著,因此吉林省土壤分布類型東西部明顯不同。吉林省東部多為濕潤雛形土和漂白冷涼淋溶土,間或分布有濕潤均腐土和沖積新成土;吉林省中部地區(qū)分布的土壤主要是濕潤均腐土,間或分布冷涼淋溶土和沖積新成土;吉林省西部地區(qū)主要土壤類型為干潤均腐土、鹽成土和干潤雛形土,零星分布有少量砂質(zhì)新成土。(2)根據(jù)《中國土壤系統(tǒng)分類檢索(第三版)》,對吉林省的27個典型土壤剖面所具有的診斷層和診斷特性進行分析,共劃分出3個診斷表層、6個診斷表下層、8個診斷特性。(3)根據(jù)《中國土壤系統(tǒng)分類檢索(第三版)》,本研究的27個典型土壤剖面高級分類單元可確定為鹽成土、均腐土、淋溶土、雛形土、新成土5個土綱,10個亞綱,14個土類,22個亞類。(4)按照《中國土壤系統(tǒng)分類土族和土系劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,根據(jù)樣區(qū)土壤的顆粒大小級別、礦物組成、酸堿性、土壤溫度等性質(zhì),對所采27個典型土壤剖面分析,可確定為25個土族。根據(jù)樣區(qū)土壤特定土層深度和厚度、表土質(zhì)地、土壤中巖石碎屑結(jié)核侵入體等、土壤鹽分含量等土壤性狀,吉林省27個典型土壤剖面可確定為27個土系。
[Abstract]:Soil is an important resource of human being and the basis of agricultural production. Soil classification is the basis of soil investigation and reflects the level of soil science. The unique climatic environment and landform of Jilin Province determine the uniqueness and diversity of the spatial distribution of soil types. Through field investigation and indoor analysis of 27 typical sections, According to the Chinese soil system Classification Retrieval (the third Edition) and the Chinese soil system Classification criteria for Tu and soil series, the diagnostic layers and diagnostic characteristics of typical soil profiles were determined, and the advanced classification units and the basic-level classification units were divided. A new soil system has been established. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the soil distribution types of Jilin Province are obviously different from east to west because of the obvious difference in climate environment and landform from east to west in Jilin Province. In the eastern part of Jilin Province, most of the soils are wetted and bleached cold and leached, and there are wetted soil and alluvial newly formed soils in the middle part of Jilin Province, while in the middle of Jilin Province, they are mainly distributed in the middle part of Jilin Province, which are mainly distributed in the cold leaching soil and the new alluvial soil. The main soil types in the west of Jilin Province are dry soil, salt soil and dry soil. A small amount of newly formed sandy soil was distributed sporadically. (2) according to the Chinese soil system Classification and Retrieval (third Edition), the diagnostic layers and diagnostic characteristics of 27 typical soil sections in Jilin Province were analyzed. A total of 3 diagnostic surfaces, 6 lower diagnostic tables and 8 diagnostic characteristics were divided. (3) according to the third edition of the Chinese soil system, the 27 typical soil profile high-level classification units in this study can be identified as halogenated soil, homohumic soil and leached soil. Embryonic soil, newly formed soil, 5 soil classes, 10 subclasses, 14 soil classes, 22 subclasses. (4) according to the criteria for the classification of Tu and soil series in Chinese soil system, according to the particle size, mineral composition, acid and alkalinity, soil temperature and other properties of the soil in the sample area, By analyzing 27 typical soil profiles, 25 Tu were identified. According to the soil characteristics such as specific soil depth and thickness, topsoil texture, rock clastic nodule intrusion in the soil, and soil salt content, 27 typical soil profiles of Jilin Province can be determined as 27 soil lines.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（東北地理與農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S155

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