淮北土石山區(qū)低山漫崗?fù)寥揽晌g性研究及應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-03 08:33
【摘要】：土壤侵蝕是導(dǎo)致土壤質(zhì)量退化及水體富營養(yǎng)化等一系列生態(tài)危機(jī)的主要原因,是全球陸生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)面臨的重大環(huán)境問題。贛榆區(qū)位于北方土石山區(qū),是江蘇省低山丘陵水土流失重點(diǎn)治理區(qū)。土壤侵蝕預(yù)測(cè)模型能夠很好地反映侵蝕過程及對(duì)環(huán)境效應(yīng)的定量評(píng)價(jià),而土壤可蝕性因子K作為預(yù)測(cè)模型的重要參數(shù),K值的準(zhǔn)確估算是建立土壤侵蝕預(yù)報(bào)模型的基礎(chǔ)與前提,也是進(jìn)行水土流失定量評(píng)價(jià)的重要依據(jù)。因此研究土壤可蝕性并準(zhǔn)確估算K值,對(duì)于水土流失定量評(píng)價(jià)、水土流失模型的建立及水土流失防治具有十分重要的意義。論文選取淮北典型低山丘陵(漫崗)區(qū)作為研究區(qū),通過黑林徑流小區(qū)和137Cs核素示蹤技術(shù)獲取不同土壤類型K實(shí)測(cè)值,構(gòu)建一元線性回歸方程修訂EPIC模型,基于修訂的EIPIC模型,獲取贛榆區(qū)土壤可蝕性K值的空間分布,并研究土壤可蝕性K值與土壤顆粒組成和有機(jī)碳的相關(guān)性。同時(shí)結(jié)合贛榆區(qū)氣象、地形和遙感等多源數(shù)據(jù),基于修訂的USLE模型定量評(píng)估了贛榆區(qū)2015年土壤侵蝕空間特征。分析和揭示了研究區(qū)土壤侵蝕與不同海拔、不同坡度和不同土地利用類型之間的關(guān)系。主要研究成果如下:(1)土壤可蝕性K值的實(shí)測(cè)值和估算值徑流小區(qū)實(shí)測(cè)法測(cè)得黃砂土(棕潮土亞類)的K值為0.035。用~(137)Cs同位素示蹤法實(shí)測(cè)K的平均值和EPIC公式估算K值的平均值分別為:黃土(棕潮土亞類)為0.036和0.041,包漿土(棕壤亞類)為0.037和0.039,白漿土(棕壤亞類)為0.053和0.034,砂石土(粗骨棕壤)為0.046和0.045�；谛拚蟮腅PIC模型估算贛榆區(qū)四種土類的土壤可蝕性K平均值:棕壤類為0.034,潮土類為0.037,砂姜黑土類為0.037鹽土類為0.039。(2)EPIC模型的修訂與驗(yàn)證通137Cs核素示蹤法實(shí)測(cè)土壤可蝕性K值與EPIC公式估算土壤可蝕性K值,進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析和回歸分析,建立了一元線性回歸方程:y=0.701x+0.0089,R2=0.66。修訂的EPIC公式:(3)基于修訂的EPIC模型獲取贛榆區(qū)土壤可蝕性K值及特征贛榆區(qū)土壤可蝕性K值大小的空間分布呈西北向東南逐漸升高的趨勢(shì)。土壤砂粒含量呈西北到東南逐漸減小的趨勢(shì),土壤可蝕性K值與表層土壤顆粒特性進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,得出砂粒含量和土壤侵蝕K值成顯著負(fù)相關(guān),粉粒含量和土壤侵蝕K值呈顯著正相關(guān),土壤有機(jī)碳含量和土壤可蝕K值呈負(fù)相關(guān)。(4)贛榆區(qū)土壤侵蝕空間分布特征。贛榆區(qū)平均侵蝕模數(shù)為859.2 t/km~2·a,主要以輕度侵蝕為主,輕度侵蝕面積為393.36km~2,占總面積的10.17%;中度侵蝕面積為74.4km~2,占總面積的5.38%;強(qiáng)烈侵蝕面積為28.03km~2,占總面積的2.03%;極強(qiáng)烈侵蝕面積為23.95km~2,占總面積的1.73%;劇烈侵蝕面積為14.26km~2,占總面積的1.03%。土壤侵蝕量與土地利用類型圖疊加,結(jié)果表明贛榆區(qū)98%的土壤侵蝕量來自耕地和園地。土壤強(qiáng)度等級(jí)圖與高程等級(jí)、坡度等級(jí)疊加。結(jié)果表明土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度等級(jí)無論在平原區(qū)、丘陵區(qū)還是低山區(qū),微度侵蝕始終占主體,隨著高程的增加相同等級(jí)土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度的面積在減小;土壤侵蝕強(qiáng)度隨著坡度的增加,土壤侵蝕等級(jí)加劇,坡度大于25°土壤侵蝕面積下降。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is the main cause of a series of ecological crises that lead to soil quality degradation and water eutrophication. It is a major environmental problem facing the global terrestrial ecosystem. The Ganyu area is located in the northern earth rock mountain area, which is the key control area of the soil erosion in the low hills and hills of Jiangsu province. The soil erosion prediction model can reflect the erosion process well. And the quantitative evaluation of the environmental effects, and the soil erodibility factor K as an important parameter of the prediction model, the accurate estimation of the K value is the basis and prerequisite for the establishment of soil erosion prediction model, and also an important basis for the quantitative evaluation of soil erosion. Therefore, the soil erodibility is studied and the K value is accurately estimated, and the quantitative evaluation of soil erosion and water is made. The establishment of soil loss model and the prevention and control of soil erosion are of great significance. In this paper, the typical low Mountain hilly region of Huaibei is selected as the research area. The measured values of different soil types are obtained by the runoff plot of the black forest and the 137Cs nuclide tracing technique, and the revised EPIC model of the linear regression equation is constructed. Based on the revised EIPIC model, it has been obtained. The spatial distribution of soil erodibility K value in Ganyu area was taken, and the correlation between soil erodibility K value and soil particle composition and organic carbon was studied. At the same time, the spatial characteristics of soil erosion in Ganyu District in 2015 were quantitatively evaluated based on the multi source data of meteorology, topography and remote sensing in Ganyu District, and the soil invasion in the study area was analyzed and revealed in the study area. The relationship between erosion and different altitudes, different slopes and different types of land use. The main research results are as follows: (1) the measured value of the soil erodibility K value and the estimated value of the runoff plot measured by the runoff plot, the K value of the yellow sand soil (brown tide subclass) is the mean value of the 0.035. measured by the ~ (137) Cs isotope tracing method and the average value of the K value by the EPIC formula. The loess (brown tide subcategory) is 0.036 and 0.041, the coated soil (brown soil subclass) is 0.037 and 0.039, the white pulp soil (brown soil subclass) is 0.053 and 0.034, the sand rock soil (coarse bone brown soil) is 0.046 and 0.045. based on the revised EPIC model to estimate the soil erodibility K average value of four soil types in Ganyu area: brown soil type is 0.034, tidal soil is 0.037, sand ginger black The soil class is the revision and verification of the 0.037 saline soil type 0.039. (2) EPIC model. The soil erodibility K value measured by 137Cs nuclide tracer method and the EPIC formula to estimate the soil erodibility K value, the correlation analysis and regression analysis are carried out, and the linear regression equation is established: y=0.701x+0.0089, R2= 0.66. revised EPIC formula: (3) obtained based on the revised EPIC model. The spatial distribution of soil erodibility K value and characteristic K value of soil erodibility in Ganyu district is gradually increasing in the northwest to Southeast. The content of soil sand grains decreases gradually in the northwest to Southeast, and the correlation between soil erodibility K value and surface soil particle characteristics is analyzed, and it is concluded that the content of sand and soil erosion K value are significant. Negative correlation, grain content and soil erosion K values have significant positive correlation, soil organic carbon content and soil erodibility K values are negative correlation. (4) the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Ganyu area. The average erosion modulus in Ganyu area is 859.2 t/km~2. A, mainly with mild erosion, the mild erosion area is 393.36km~2, 10.17% of the total area; moderate erosion surface. The product is 74.4km~2, accounting for 5.38% of the total area, the intensive erosion area is 28.03km~2, accounting for 2.03% of the total area, and the extremely strong erosion area is 23.95km~2, accounting for 1.73% of the total area, and the intensive erosion area is 14.26km~2. The soil erosion amount to the total area of 1.03%. is superimposed on the land use type map. The result shows that the soil erosion amount of 98% in Ganyu area comes from the cultivated land and the soil erosion. Soil strength grade map and elevation grade, slope grade superposition. The results show that soil erosion intensity level is always the main body in plain, hilly and low mountain areas, and the area of soil erosion intensity decreases with the increase of the same grade; soil erosion intensity increases with the slope and soil erosion grade. The soil erosion area is more than 25 degrees, and the soil erosion area is decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157.1
本文編號(hào)：2161187
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is the main cause of a series of ecological crises that lead to soil quality degradation and water eutrophication. It is a major environmental problem facing the global terrestrial ecosystem. The Ganyu area is located in the northern earth rock mountain area, which is the key control area of the soil erosion in the low hills and hills of Jiangsu province. The soil erosion prediction model can reflect the erosion process well. And the quantitative evaluation of the environmental effects, and the soil erodibility factor K as an important parameter of the prediction model, the accurate estimation of the K value is the basis and prerequisite for the establishment of soil erosion prediction model, and also an important basis for the quantitative evaluation of soil erosion. Therefore, the soil erodibility is studied and the K value is accurately estimated, and the quantitative evaluation of soil erosion and water is made. The establishment of soil loss model and the prevention and control of soil erosion are of great significance. In this paper, the typical low Mountain hilly region of Huaibei is selected as the research area. The measured values of different soil types are obtained by the runoff plot of the black forest and the 137Cs nuclide tracing technique, and the revised EPIC model of the linear regression equation is constructed. Based on the revised EIPIC model, it has been obtained. The spatial distribution of soil erodibility K value in Ganyu area was taken, and the correlation between soil erodibility K value and soil particle composition and organic carbon was studied. At the same time, the spatial characteristics of soil erosion in Ganyu District in 2015 were quantitatively evaluated based on the multi source data of meteorology, topography and remote sensing in Ganyu District, and the soil invasion in the study area was analyzed and revealed in the study area. The relationship between erosion and different altitudes, different slopes and different types of land use. The main research results are as follows: (1) the measured value of the soil erodibility K value and the estimated value of the runoff plot measured by the runoff plot, the K value of the yellow sand soil (brown tide subclass) is the mean value of the 0.035. measured by the ~ (137) Cs isotope tracing method and the average value of the K value by the EPIC formula. The loess (brown tide subcategory) is 0.036 and 0.041, the coated soil (brown soil subclass) is 0.037 and 0.039, the white pulp soil (brown soil subclass) is 0.053 and 0.034, the sand rock soil (coarse bone brown soil) is 0.046 and 0.045. based on the revised EPIC model to estimate the soil erodibility K average value of four soil types in Ganyu area: brown soil type is 0.034, tidal soil is 0.037, sand ginger black The soil class is the revision and verification of the 0.037 saline soil type 0.039. (2) EPIC model. The soil erodibility K value measured by 137Cs nuclide tracer method and the EPIC formula to estimate the soil erodibility K value, the correlation analysis and regression analysis are carried out, and the linear regression equation is established: y=0.701x+0.0089, R2= 0.66. revised EPIC formula: (3) obtained based on the revised EPIC model. The spatial distribution of soil erodibility K value and characteristic K value of soil erodibility in Ganyu district is gradually increasing in the northwest to Southeast. The content of soil sand grains decreases gradually in the northwest to Southeast, and the correlation between soil erodibility K value and surface soil particle characteristics is analyzed, and it is concluded that the content of sand and soil erosion K value are significant. Negative correlation, grain content and soil erosion K values have significant positive correlation, soil organic carbon content and soil erodibility K values are negative correlation. (4) the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Ganyu area. The average erosion modulus in Ganyu area is 859.2 t/km~2. A, mainly with mild erosion, the mild erosion area is 393.36km~2, 10.17% of the total area; moderate erosion surface. The product is 74.4km~2, accounting for 5.38% of the total area, the intensive erosion area is 28.03km~2, accounting for 2.03% of the total area, and the extremely strong erosion area is 23.95km~2, accounting for 1.73% of the total area, and the intensive erosion area is 14.26km~2. The soil erosion amount to the total area of 1.03%. is superimposed on the land use type map. The result shows that the soil erosion amount of 98% in Ganyu area comes from the cultivated land and the soil erosion. Soil strength grade map and elevation grade, slope grade superposition. The results show that soil erosion intensity level is always the main body in plain, hilly and low mountain areas, and the area of soil erosion intensity decreases with the increase of the same grade; soil erosion intensity increases with the slope and soil erosion grade. The soil erosion area is more than 25 degrees, and the soil erosion area is decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157.1
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