環(huán)氧蟲啶在好氧土壤的歸趨及對土壤微生物多樣性的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-02 16:31
【摘要】：環(huán)氧蟲啶(cycloxaprid)是我國自主創(chuàng)制的手性新煙堿類殺蟲劑,因其高殺蟲活性而具有良好的市場前景。從對映體層面研究手性農(nóng)藥的環(huán)境行為和歸趨是國際前沿研究的熱點之一。本文采用同位素示蹤和高通量測序技術,在光學異構體層面上,研究了14C-環(huán)氧蟲啶兩個對映異構體(1S2R-環(huán)氧蟲啶,1R2S-環(huán)氧蟲啶)和外消旋混合物(Racemic Mixture,RM)在酸性紅砂土S1、中性黃松土S2及堿性濱海鹽土S3中的歸趨及對土壤微生物多樣性的影響,主要結果如下： (1)好氧培養(yǎng)過程中,環(huán)氧蟲啶兩種對映體及消旋體在三種供試土壤中的可提態(tài)殘留(Extractable residue,ER)、結合殘留(Bound residue,BR)及礦化均無顯著差異�？商釕B(tài)殘留隨培養(yǎng)時間不斷下降,在不同土壤中呈現(xiàn)S1S3S2的規(guī)律；結合殘留和礦化則不斷上升,在不同土壤中分別呈現(xiàn)S2S3S1和S3S2S1的規(guī)律。環(huán)氧蟲啶在三種土壤培養(yǎng)100d后,ER分別下降至占放射性引入量的36.44%-38.08%、10.07%-10.81%和9.54%-15.47%,BR上升至占引入量的56.84%-61.22%、79.55%-82.99%和66.80%-68.90%,礦化量為引入量的0.22%-0.23%、6.69%-7-31%和14.82%-17.06%。 (2)好氧和淹水培養(yǎng)100d后,環(huán)氧蟲啶兩種對映體及消旋體在的三種供試土壤中的礦化、可提態(tài)殘留、結合殘留及其在腐殖質(zhì)中的分布均無手性選擇性。對比不同培養(yǎng)方式,環(huán)氧蟲啶在好氧的S2和S3中產(chǎn)生的礦化量明顯高于同種淹水土壤,并且更傾向于形成結合殘留；在S1中兩種培養(yǎng)方式礦化均小于1%,結合殘留量最小且差異不顯著。環(huán)氧蟲啶在三種土壤好氧和淹水培養(yǎng)100d形成的結合殘留在土壤腐殖質(zhì)中的分布均呈現(xiàn)富啡酸胡敏素胡敏酸的規(guī)律。 (3)環(huán)氧蟲啶對映體在三種供試土壤中好氧培養(yǎng)100d后,對土壤細菌多樣性的影響無手性選擇性差異。三種土壤原生細菌的多樣性差異明顯,且施藥后對S1中細菌的種類和相對豐度影響較大,對S2和S3的影響較小。 研究結果證明手性殺蟲劑環(huán)氧蟲啶在土壤中的行為歸趨及對土壤微生物多樣性的影響均不存在對映體選擇性。
[Abstract]:Epoxidin (cycloxaprid) is a chiral new nicotinic insecticide, which has a good market prospect because of its high insecticidal activity. Enantiomeric study on the environmental behavior and fate of chiral pesticides is one of the hot topics in the international frontier. In this paper, isotopic tracer and high throughput sequencing techniques are used in the optical isomer level. The effects of two enantiomers (1S _ 2R -epoxycytidine) and Racemic mixture (R _ 3) on soil microbial diversity in acidic red sandy soil, neutral pine soil S _ 2 and alkaline littoral saline soil S3 were studied. The main results were as follows: (1) during aerobic culture, there were no significant differences in Extractable residueto ER, Bound residuebur and mineralization between two enantiomers and racemes. The extractable residue decreased with the culture time and showed the law of S1S3S2 in different soils, and the law of S2S3S1 and S3S2S1 in different soils was observed in combination with residue and mineralization. After 100 days of cultivation in three soils, ER decreased to 36.44 and 10.07-10.81% and 9.54-15.47m, respectively, and rose to 56.84-61.222-82.99% and 66.80-68.90, respectively. The mineralized amount was 0.22-0.236.69-7-31% and 8214.-17.06, respectively. (2) after 100 days of aerobic and flooded cultivation, the mineralizing amount was 0.22-0.236.69-7-31% and 82-17.06um. (2) after 100 days of cultivation of aerobic and flooded water, the mineral amount was 0.22-0.236.69-7-31% and 82-17.06. (2) after 100 days of aerobic and flooded cultivation, the mineral amount was 0.22-0.236.69-7-31% and 8214.-17.06, respectively. There was no chiral selectivity in mineralized extractable residues binding residues and their distribution in humus of two enantiomers and racemes in the tested soils. Compared with different culture methods, the mineralized amount of epoxidin in aerobic S2 and S3 was significantly higher than that in the same flooded soil, and it was more inclined to form binding residues. In S1, the mineralization of the two cultures was less than 1, and the binding residue was the least and the difference was not significant. The distribution of residual residues of epoxidin in soil humus was similar to that of humic acid (Hu Min). (3) the enantiomers of epoxidin were cultured in three kinds of soils for 100 d after aerobic culture, and the distribution of the residues in soil humus was similar to that of humic acid. (3) after 100 days of aerobic culture in three soils, the distribution of epoxidin enantiomers was similar to that of humic acid. There was no difference of chiral selectivity in soil bacterial diversity. The diversity of the three soil protobacteria was significantly different, and the species and relative abundance of the bacteria in S1 were significantly affected by the application of insecticides, but the effects on S2 and S3 were relatively small. The results showed that there was no enantioselectivity of chiral insecticide epoxidin in soil.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S482.3;S154.3
本文編號：2160021
[Abstract]:Epoxidin (cycloxaprid) is a chiral new nicotinic insecticide, which has a good market prospect because of its high insecticidal activity. Enantiomeric study on the environmental behavior and fate of chiral pesticides is one of the hot topics in the international frontier. In this paper, isotopic tracer and high throughput sequencing techniques are used in the optical isomer level. The effects of two enantiomers (1S _ 2R -epoxycytidine) and Racemic mixture (R _ 3) on soil microbial diversity in acidic red sandy soil, neutral pine soil S _ 2 and alkaline littoral saline soil S3 were studied. The main results were as follows: (1) during aerobic culture, there were no significant differences in Extractable residueto ER, Bound residuebur and mineralization between two enantiomers and racemes. The extractable residue decreased with the culture time and showed the law of S1S3S2 in different soils, and the law of S2S3S1 and S3S2S1 in different soils was observed in combination with residue and mineralization. After 100 days of cultivation in three soils, ER decreased to 36.44 and 10.07-10.81% and 9.54-15.47m, respectively, and rose to 56.84-61.222-82.99% and 66.80-68.90, respectively. The mineralized amount was 0.22-0.236.69-7-31% and 8214.-17.06, respectively. (2) after 100 days of aerobic and flooded cultivation, the mineralizing amount was 0.22-0.236.69-7-31% and 82-17.06um. (2) after 100 days of cultivation of aerobic and flooded water, the mineral amount was 0.22-0.236.69-7-31% and 82-17.06. (2) after 100 days of aerobic and flooded cultivation, the mineral amount was 0.22-0.236.69-7-31% and 8214.-17.06, respectively. There was no chiral selectivity in mineralized extractable residues binding residues and their distribution in humus of two enantiomers and racemes in the tested soils. Compared with different culture methods, the mineralized amount of epoxidin in aerobic S2 and S3 was significantly higher than that in the same flooded soil, and it was more inclined to form binding residues. In S1, the mineralization of the two cultures was less than 1, and the binding residue was the least and the difference was not significant. The distribution of residual residues of epoxidin in soil humus was similar to that of humic acid (Hu Min). (3) the enantiomers of epoxidin were cultured in three kinds of soils for 100 d after aerobic culture, and the distribution of the residues in soil humus was similar to that of humic acid. (3) after 100 days of aerobic culture in three soils, the distribution of epoxidin enantiomers was similar to that of humic acid. There was no difference of chiral selectivity in soil bacterial diversity. The diversity of the three soil protobacteria was significantly different, and the species and relative abundance of the bacteria in S1 were significantly affected by the application of insecticides, but the effects on S2 and S3 were relatively small. The results showed that there was no enantioselectivity of chiral insecticide epoxidin in soil.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S482.3;S154.3
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