【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)通過(guò)研究秸稈不同處理還田后對(duì)植煙土壤酶活性、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、微生物數(shù)量以及煙葉品質(zhì)方面的影響,來(lái)揭示煙田在水稻、玉米秸稈高溫堆漚與粉碎翻壓還田下土壤微生態(tài)環(huán)境和煙葉品質(zhì)的變化規(guī)律,旨在為秸稈還田技術(shù)的推廣應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。本研究結(jié)果如下：1.通過(guò)研究煙草在不同生育時(shí)期水稻、玉米秸稈高溫堆漚還田與粉碎翻壓還田對(duì)土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、過(guò)氧化氫酶、硝酸還原酶四種酶活性的變化發(fā)現(xiàn)：秸稈高溫堆漚不同時(shí)間后還田對(duì)土壤脲酶活性變化隨著堆漚時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)呈現(xiàn)先增加再減少的趨勢(shì)；不施肥的對(duì)照組脲酶活性團(tuán)顆期最低,只有28.01(NH+4-Nμg/(g/h))；,施氮磷鉀肥對(duì)照組土壤中脲酶活性高出同時(shí)期不施肥對(duì)照組15.17(NH+4-Nμg/(g/h))；土壤蔗糖酶活性表現(xiàn)出先升高后降低的變化,各處理中土壤蔗糖酶活性均高于對(duì)照處理。在高溫堆漚秸稈還田配施用化肥的情況下,土壤蔗糖酶的活性略高于不施化肥對(duì)照組；除對(duì)照CK和CK-F外,過(guò)氧化氫酶的活性呈現(xiàn)出逐漸下降的動(dòng)態(tài)變化。在不同處理中,高溫堆漚一個(gè)月秸稈還田處理的過(guò)氧化氫酶活性最高,達(dá)到35.62mg/g；不同處理方式中硝酸還原酶的活性差異表現(xiàn)為,堆漚兩個(gè)月還田-F堆漚兩個(gè)月還田堆漚一個(gè)月還田-F堆漚一個(gè)月還田堆漚三個(gè)月還田-F堆漚三個(gè)月還田CK-FCF,總體隨著秸稈高溫堆漚時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)呈現(xiàn)出先增加再降低的趨勢(shì)。秸稈粉碎翻壓還田處理下脲酶、蔗糖酶、硝酸還原酶等酶的活性都呈現(xiàn)遞增的趨勢(shì),只是不同的處理方式之間土樣中硝酸還原酶的活性有所差異。2.秸稈不同處理后土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的含量變化有所不同,在各個(gè)生育時(shí)期都表現(xiàn)為：堆漚兩個(gè)月-F處理的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最高,而秸稈還田同時(shí)配合施用氮磷鉀肥對(duì)提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量效果最顯著。秸稈粉碎翻壓不施氮磷鉀肥的CK土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最低。秸稈粉碎翻壓還田與氮磷鉀肥配合施用的農(nóng)田土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量顯著高于施氮磷鉀肥對(duì)照(CK-F)的處理,這其中又以水稻、玉米秸稈粉碎翻壓還田并配合施用氮磷鉀土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量最高,而兩種作物秸稈單獨(dú)還田對(duì)于土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)的影響差異不是很明顯。3.通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：不同生育時(shí)期,秸稈高溫堆漚還田與不施氮磷鉀肥的處理(CK)相比,施用肥料可以提高土壤中放線菌的數(shù)量,而不能提高土壤真菌的數(shù)量。配施氮磷鉀肥的高溫堆漚秸稈還田處理土壤中的細(xì)菌、放線菌、真菌數(shù)量明顯高于只施氮磷鉀肥CK處理；而其中又以細(xì)菌數(shù)量的差距最大,在秸稈粉碎翻壓還田試驗(yàn)中,施肥對(duì)細(xì)菌數(shù)量有一定程度的影響,各處理中凡是配合施用氮磷鉀肥的處理中細(xì)菌數(shù)量都有所下降。而單獨(dú)的秸稈還田配合施用肥料的處理中細(xì)菌數(shù)量的增加也不是明顯。但當(dāng)兩種秸稈粉碎翻壓還田后,細(xì)菌數(shù)量的增加較其他處理都表現(xiàn)為極其顯著,這說(shuō)明秸稈還田才是影響土壤中細(xì)菌數(shù)量的主要因素。4.秸稈不同處理方式對(duì)烤煙生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、產(chǎn)量以及煙葉品質(zhì)的影響不同,秸稈粉碎翻壓還田煙草株高各處理比高溫堆漚還田各處理普遍要高出1-3cm,莖圍最高值之間相差8.8%。秸稈粉碎翻壓還田處理產(chǎn)量最高值2356kg/hm2,比高溫堆漚還田處理最高值2004kg/hm2高出17.56%。雖然水稻、玉米秸稈高溫堆漚還田在一定程度上對(duì)烤煙的產(chǎn)量、煙葉的品質(zhì)等有影響,但粉碎翻壓還田處理的方式更適宜于烤煙生長(zhǎng)。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the effects of straw different treatments on soil enzyme activity, organic matter content, microbial quantity and tobacco quality were studied to reveal the changes of soil microecological environment and tobacco quality under the high temperature composting and crushing of corn straw in the tobacco field. The results are as follows: 1. the changes in the activities of four kinds of enzymes in soil urease, invertase, catalase and nitrate reductase in rice, corn straw high temperature heap retting and crushing and returning to field in different growth period of tobacco were studied. The change with the time of composting increased first and then decreased, and the urease active group in the control group was the lowest, only 28.01 (NH+4-N g/ (g/h)), and the soil urease activity in the control group was 15.17 (NH+4-N mu g/ (g/h)) in the same period, and the activity of invertase in the soil was increased first and then decreased. The activity of sucrase in soil was higher than that of control. The activity of invertase in soil was slightly higher than that of non fertilizer control group. In addition to control CK and CK-F, the activity of catalase in the soil was slightly higher than that of the control group. The activity of catalase in the treatment of straw returning to the field was the highest, reaching 35.62mg/g, and the difference in the activity of the nitrate reductase in different treatments was that the RET of the soil for two months was -F composting and two months was RET for one month and -F heap retted for one month, and ret for three months and returned to the field for three months to return to the field for three months, and the total with the straw high temperature reactor. The prolongation of the retting time showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The activity of urease, invertase, nitrate reductase and other enzymes showed an increasing trend, but the activity of nitrate reductase in soil samples was different between different treatments. The changes of soil organic matter content of.2. straw after different treatments were changed. The soil organic matter content was the highest in two months of -F treatment, while straw returning and application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were the most significant in improving the soil organic matter content. Straw pulverization and pressure reduction of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in CK soil organic matter content was the lowest. The content of organic matter in farmland soil was significantly higher than that of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (CK-F) treatment, in which rice, corn straw crushed and reversed field and combined with N, P and K soil organic matter content were the highest, but the difference of two crop straw returning to soil organic matter was not obvious.3. through research. Compared with CK, the amount of actinomycetes in soil could be increased, but the amount of soil fungi could not be increased by applying fertilizer, but the amount of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the soil treated with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were significantly higher than that of only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer C. K treatment, and the number of bacteria in the largest gap, in the straw crushing and rolling back field test, fertilization on the number of bacteria to a certain extent, every treatment in the treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the treatment of bacteria in the number of decreased. But when two kinds of stalks were crushed and returned to the field, the number of bacteria increased significantly compared with the other treatments, which indicated that the main factor affecting the number of bacteria in the soil was the straw returning to the field. The effects of different treatments on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, the yield and the quality of tobacco leaves were different, and the straw smashed and repressed the field of tobacco by the two kinds of straw returning. The treatment of plant height was higher than that of high temperature heap retting and returning to the field. The difference between the highest value of stem circumference and the maximum value of 8.8%. straw crushing and turning over the field was 2356kg/hm2, which was higher than that of the highest value of 2004kg/hm2, which was higher than that of the high temperature heap retting to the field, 17.56%. though rice, the yield of flue-cured tobacco and tobacco leaves to a certain extent were to some extent by the high temperature heap Retting of corn straw. The quality and so on are affected, but the way of crushing, turning over and returning to field is more suitable for the growth of flue-cured tobacco.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S572;S141.4

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 于建軍;郭瑋;畢慶文;楊寒文;王海明;;基于投影尋蹤的煙葉品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)[J];浙江農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2010年02期

2 張冀武,王怡海,王淑華,蔡榮,周浙瓊,李萍,張莉;光滑煙葉品質(zhì)的研究及其在分級(jí)中的應(yīng)用[J];中國(guó)煙草科學(xué);2001年04期

3 李梅云;;微生物改善煙葉品質(zhì)研究進(jìn)展[J];工業(yè)微生物;2006年03期

4 陶紅;沈光林;趙謀明;饒國(guó)華;;酶技術(shù)改善煙葉品質(zhì)的研究進(jìn)展[J];現(xiàn)代食品科技;2008年07期

5 何建華;周小平;黃占平;;不同含硫量配方復(fù)合肥對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[J];耕作與栽培;2008年03期

6 徐寶;夏立峰;;土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[J];中國(guó)新技術(shù)新產(chǎn)品;2009年03期

7 代麗;;改進(jìn)采收方式可顯著改善煙葉品質(zhì)[J];農(nóng)家顧問(wèn);2009年07期

8 童德文;林雷通;陳添昌;李添華;林方榮;陳鄭盟;;福建地區(qū)土壤理化性質(zhì)對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[J];農(nóng)技服務(wù);2010年02期

9 周裕;張德元;汪彬;李小勇;;氣象因子對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[J];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2010年08期

10 劉紅恩;許安定;謝會(huì)川;代先強(qiáng);馬嘯;楊超;葉協(xié)鋒;;煙葉品質(zhì)與生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)系研究進(jìn)展[J];湖北農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2011年09期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 尹永強(qiáng);梁開(kāi)朝;何明雄;鄧明軍;;酸化對(duì)土壤質(zhì)量和煙葉品質(zhì)的影響及改良措施研究進(jìn)展[A];中南片2007年煙草學(xué)術(shù)交流會(huì)論文集[C];2007年

2 王允白;計(jì)玉;趙兵;;山東沂水植煙土壤類型與煙葉品質(zhì)關(guān)系研究[A];上海煙草系統(tǒng)2001年度學(xué)術(shù)論文選編[C];2001年

3 馬瑩;胡元才;田野;;黔西南煙葉品質(zhì)分區(qū)初步分析[A];中國(guó)煙草學(xué)會(huì)2006年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2007年

4 蔣斌;田野;尚峰;高貴;李腹廣;易烈剛;;黔西南日照時(shí)數(shù)對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響分析[A];2007年滇黔桂三省區(qū)五州市氣象協(xié)作區(qū)交流會(huì)論文集[C];2007年

5 蔣斌;田野;尚峰;高貴;李腹廣;易烈剛;;黔西南日照時(shí)數(shù)對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響分析[A];中國(guó)氣象學(xué)會(huì)2007年年會(huì)生態(tài)氣象業(yè)務(wù)建設(shè)與農(nóng)業(yè)氣象災(zāi)害預(yù)警分會(huì)場(chǎng)論文集[C];2007年

6 梁洪波;劉昌寶;許家來(lái);尹東升;王允白;周建;劉廣玉;蘇建東;王波;翟所亮;楊彬;任明波;元建;;山東不同土壤類型對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[A];中國(guó)煙草學(xué)會(huì)第五屆理事會(huì)第二次會(huì)議暨2005年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2005年

7 尹永強(qiáng);何明雄;鄧明軍;;土壤酸化對(duì)土壤養(yǎng)分和煙葉品質(zhì)的影響及改良措施探討[A];廣西煙草學(xué)會(huì)2006年度學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)論文集[C];2007年

8 宋承鑒;楊獻(xiàn)營(yíng);;魯中地區(qū)地層巖性對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)影響的研究[A];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)地學(xué)研究新進(jìn)展——2000年全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)地學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)論文集[C];2000年

9 陳崗;;楚雄州土壤養(yǎng)分狀況與煙葉品質(zhì)及致香物質(zhì)相關(guān)性研究[A];云南省煙草學(xué)會(huì)2003年學(xué)術(shù)年會(huì)優(yōu)秀論文集[C];2003年

10 楊懿德;楊煥文;;煙草類胡蘿卜素的研究進(jìn)展[A];云南省作物學(xué)會(huì)2004—2006年優(yōu)秀論文選集[C];2006年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前10條

1 本報(bào)記者 王春波;全州當(dāng)前優(yōu)化煙葉結(jié)構(gòu)提高煙葉品質(zhì)工作進(jìn)展情況匯報(bào)會(huì)議召開(kāi)[N];楚雄日?qǐng)?bào)(漢);2011年

2 董家成　高怡;煙草科技試驗(yàn)示范提升煙葉品質(zhì)[N];楚雄日?qǐng)?bào)(漢);2011年

3 晉艷;氯的吸收利用及對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[N];云南科技報(bào);2004年

4 本報(bào)通訊員;楚雄市優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)提升煙葉品質(zhì)[N];楚雄日?qǐng)?bào)(漢);2011年

5 陳祖萍;祿豐縣優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)提升煙葉品質(zhì)[N];楚雄日?qǐng)?bào)(漢);2011年

6 晉艷;鎂的吸收利用及對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[N];云南科技報(bào);2004年

7 本報(bào)記者 蔣貴有;玉溪煙葉品質(zhì)達(dá)國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平[N];云南日?qǐng)?bào);2003年

8 曹瑞;百德鎮(zhèn)：優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)提升煙葉品質(zhì)[N];黔西南日?qǐng)?bào);2011年

9 晉艷;鋅的吸收利用及對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[N];云南科技報(bào);2004年

10 通訊員 適志宏;南澗縣采取措施提高紅大煙葉品質(zhì)[N];大理日?qǐng)?bào)(漢);2009年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 晁逢春;氮對(duì)烤煙生長(zhǎng)及煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[D];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2003年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 陳健;嘉禾煙區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分含量的特點(diǎn)及對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響研究[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

2 焦緒勇;生育期對(duì)三個(gè)清香型煙區(qū)烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀和煙葉品質(zhì)性狀的影響[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

3 母少東;不同植煙區(qū)土壤對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)相關(guān)指標(biāo)的影響[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

4 孟莉;曬煙主要次生代謝物質(zhì)及其煙葉品質(zhì)的關(guān)系[D];河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

5 楊智棋;攀西地區(qū)植煙土壤有效磷空間變異特征及其對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響研究[D];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

6 余亮志;涼攀地區(qū)氣溫空間模擬與煙葉品質(zhì)對(duì)氣溫的響應(yīng)[D];四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2016年

7 楊幸軍;秸稈還田對(duì)土壤微生態(tài)環(huán)境和煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2015年

8 嚴(yán)永旺;不同質(zhì)地土壤微生物種群、酶活性對(duì)煙葉品質(zhì)的影響[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

9 許洪慶;貴州典型煙區(qū)氣象因子與煙葉品質(zhì)關(guān)系研究[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

10 陳偉;湖南烤煙硝酸鹽含量與土壤養(yǎng)分及煙葉品質(zhì)的關(guān)系分析[D];河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2004年

，

本文編號(hào)：2157444