【摘要】：為研究有機肥、木屑、生物炭和石膏對舟山海島綠化土壤鹽基離子(K~+、Ca~(2+)、Na~+、Mg~(2+))的影響,采用土柱模擬試驗,比較不同處理下土壤鹽基離子的淋溶變化特征。結(jié)果表明,添加不同材料均能有效提高前述4種鹽基離子的淋溶量,改善土壤品質(zhì)。在試驗條件下,當有機肥或石膏用量為25 g時,Ca~(2+)、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Na~+的淋溶量達到最大;當木屑施用量為12.5 g時,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Na~+的淋溶量最大,不添加木屑時,K~+的淋溶量最大;生物炭的添加量為12.5 g時,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)的淋溶量最大,而添加量達到25 g時,K~+、Na~+的淋溶量達到最大值。綜合來看,以下方案對綠化地鹽基離子的淋洗具有較好的效果:(1)直接用水灌溉淋洗,省時省力,無須增加其他成本,但需要大量的水淋洗,單位水量的淋洗效果較添加改良劑略差;(2)改良劑組合添加,從成本和綜合效益方面考慮,在試驗條件下,施用有機肥25 g、木屑12.5 g、石膏12.5 g,不添加生物炭的方案,淋洗效果和經(jīng)濟性均最佳。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of organic fertilizer, sawdust, biochar and gypsum on the base ions (K ~ (2) ~ (2) (Na ~ (2) (Na ~ (2) in the soil of Zhoushan Island, the leaching characteristics of basic ions in different treatments were compared by means of soil column simulation test. The results showed that the leaching amount of the four base ions was increased and the soil quality was improved by adding different materials. Under the experimental conditions, the leaching amount of Ca ~ (2) K ~ (2) mg ~ (2) O ~ (2) Na ~ (2) is the highest when the amount of organic fertilizer or gypsum is 25 g, and the leaching amount of Ca ~ (2) C _ (2) mg ~ (2) Na ~ (2) is the largest when the amount of sawdust is 12.5 g, and that of K ~ (2 +) is the largest when the amount of wood scraps is not added. The leaching amount of Ca ~ (2) and mg ~ (2) was the highest when the addition amount of biochar was 12.5 g, while the leaching amount of K ~ (2) Na ~ (2) reached the maximum when the addition amount reached 25 g. In general, the following schemes have a better effect on the leaching of salt based ions in green land: (1) direct irrigation with water for leaching saves time and effort, does not need to increase other costs, but requires a large amount of water leaching. The leaching effect of unit water amount is a little worse than that of adding modifier. (2) considering the cost and comprehensive benefit, the scheme of applying organic fertilizer 25 g, wood scraps 12.5 g, gypsum 12.5 g, and not adding biochar, The elution effect and economy are the best.
【作者單位】： 舟山市農(nóng)林科學(xué)研究院;浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)研究所;
【基金】：舟山市科技計劃項目(2014C31057)
【分類號】：S156.4

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