【摘要】：本研究主要目的是從脫硫石膏、粉煤灰、油脂素、沸石粒和鉀粒五種物質的組合中篩選出對鹽堿土改良效果最好的一個組合,這一研究不但有利于使得工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的廢棄物質得到綜合有效的利用,也能為實踐中改良鹽堿土提供實踐指導依據(jù)。主要方法是通過盆栽試驗研究這五種改良劑單一施用、兩兩組合施用和三種改良劑混合施用對鹽堿土理化性質的影響。主要研究結果如下:(1)脫硫石膏、粉煤灰、油脂素、沸石、鉀粒五種物質均能使鹽堿土的p H值降低,石膏、粉煤灰和油脂素三者混合施用時效果最好。隨著土壤培養(yǎng)時間的延長,土壤p H值有越來越小的趨勢。(2)五種物質均能有效的促進土壤中Na+的淋洗,降低HCO3-含量,同時增加Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-、K+含量。石膏、粉煤灰和油脂素三者混合施用時效果最好。隨著培養(yǎng)時間的延長,土壤中Na+、HCO3-有越來越少的趨勢,而其它幾種鹽離子趨勢不明顯。五種物質對土壤中Cl-的改良效果不顯著。(3)五種改良物質中粉煤灰和油脂素能有效增加土壤中的有機質,石膏、粉煤灰和油脂素三者混合施用時效果最好,而沸石和鉀粒對土壤有機質的增加效果不顯著。五種改良劑對土壤全氮、全磷的改良規(guī)律與有機質一致。隨著土壤培養(yǎng)時間的延長,各處理中鹽堿土壤堿解氮、有效鉀、速效磷含量呈越來越多的趨勢,單一施用時對堿解氮和速效鉀改良效果最好的是油脂素,對有效磷改良效果最好的是脫硫石膏,而其它改良效果不顯著,石膏、粉煤灰和油脂素混合施用效果比其它各處理都好。(4)石膏、粉煤灰和油脂素三者混合施用時最有利于提高土壤的綜合肥力。
[Abstract]:The main purpose of this study is to select the best combination of saline-alkali soil from the combination of desulphurized gypsum, fly ash, lipids, zeolites and potassium particles. This study is not only conducive to the comprehensive and effective utilization of waste matter in industrial and agricultural production, but also provides practical guidance for the improvement of saline-alkali soil in practice. The main method was to study the effects of the five modifiers on the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil by pot experiment. The main results are as follows: (1) Desulfurization gypsum, fly ash, lipids, zeolites and potassium particles can reduce the pH value of saline-alkali soil, and the best results are obtained when the mixture of gypsum, fly ash and lipids is applied. With the prolongation of soil culture time, the pH value of soil decreased more and more. (2) the five substances could effectively promote the leaching of Na, decrease the content of HCO _ 3-, and increase the content of Ca ~ (2 +) mg _ (2) so _ (4) _ (2) ~ (2) ~ (2). The effect of gypsum, fly ash and lipids is the best. With the increase of culture time, the trend of Na ~ (2 +) -HCO _ 3- in soil was less and less, but the trend of other salt ions was not obvious. (3) fly ash and lipids can effectively increase organic matter, gypsum, fly ash and lipids in soil. The effect of zeolite and potassium on the increase of soil organic matter was not significant. The improvement of soil total nitrogen and phosphorus by five modifiers is consistent with that of organic matter. With the extension of soil culture time, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium and rapidly available phosphorus in saline-alkali soil showed more and more tendency. The best improvement effect of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium was lipids when applied alone. Desulphurization gypsum is the best one for the improvement of available phosphorus, but the effect of other improvement is not remarkable. The effect of mixed application of gypsum, fly ash and lipids is better than that of other treatments. (4) Gypsum, The mixed application of fly ash and lipids was most beneficial to improve the comprehensive fertility of soil.
【學位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S156.4

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