【摘要】：【目的】鹽分脅迫是濱海鹽漬土上糧食產(chǎn)量提高的主要障礙因子之一。研究不同功能性改良物料對消除和減輕這一障礙因子的作用,為改良鹽漬化土壤和提高作物產(chǎn)量提供理論依據(jù)�！痉椒ā恳孕←溒贩N‘青麥6號’為供試材料,在濱海鹽漬土上進(jìn)行田間試驗,設(shè)置7個處理為空白對照(CK)、含鈣物料的磷石膏(PG)和脫硫石膏(FGD)、調(diào)酸物料的硫酸亞鐵(FS)、含碳材料的牛糞(M)以及含碳和調(diào)酸物料的腐植酸(HA)和糠醛渣(FRs),分析比較不同改良劑對濱海鹽漬化土壤理化性質(zhì)以及對小麥生長發(fā)育的影響。【結(jié)果】施加改良劑降低了土壤表層(0—20 cm)的pH值,作為酸性材料的腐植酸、糠醛渣和硫酸亞鐵效果明顯,土壤的pH值較對照分別降低了0.10、0.11和0.11;施改良劑降低了土壤的交換性鈉離子含量和鈉的吸附比(sodium adsorption ratio,簡稱SAR),磷石膏和脫硫石膏提供充足的鈣離子用于置換土壤中交換性鈉離子,明顯降低了不同土層中的交換性鈉離子含量和SAR值,0—20 cm、20—40 cm和40—60 cm土層中,磷石膏和脫硫石膏對土壤交換性鈉離子含量和SAR值的降低效果明顯,其中施加磷石膏分別較對照降低了15.5%和18.3%(0—20 cm)、28.2%和28.6%(20—40 cm)、36.5%和36.5%(40—60 cm),施加脫硫石膏分別較對照降低了24.9%和27.9%(0—20 cm)、27.6%和26.3%(20—40 cm)、24.5%和25.0%(40—60 cm);施加改良劑增加了小麥成熟期的穗數(shù),其中磷石膏、脫硫石膏和糠醛渣改良效果顯著,分別較對照增加27.6%、24.5%和18.6%,并分別提高小麥的產(chǎn)量26.7%、17.8%和17.8%�！窘Y(jié)論】酸性物料的糠醛渣、腐植酸和硫酸亞鐵,可以明顯降低土壤pH值和增加小麥苗期的莖蘗數(shù)量,綜合考慮改良劑對土壤pH、Na~+含量、SAR值和小麥群體數(shù)量的影響,含碳的調(diào)酸物料的糠醛渣效果較好;含鈣物料的磷石膏和脫硫石膏,可以顯著降低土壤Na+含量以及SAR值,增加小麥成熟期穗數(shù),提高小麥產(chǎn)量均具有顯著的效果,磷石膏效果最佳。
[Abstract]:[objective] Salt stress is one of the main obstacle factors to increase grain yield in coastal saline soil. To study the effect of different functional improved materials on removing and reducing this obstacle factor, and to provide theoretical basis for improving salinized soil and increasing crop yield. [methods] the wheat variety 'Qingmai 6' was used as the test material. Field experiments were carried out on coastal saline soils, Seven treatments were used as blank control (CK), phosphogypsum (PG) and desulphurized gypsum (FGD) containing calcium, ferrous sulfate (FS) of acid adjusting material, cow dung (M) of carbon-containing material, humic acid (HA) and furfural residue (FRs) of carbon and acid regulating materials. The effects of the modifier on the physical and chemical properties of littoral salinized soil and on the growth and development of wheat were studied. [results] the pH value of soil surface layer (0-20 cm) was decreased by adding the modifier. As an acid material, humic acid, furfural residue and ferrous sulfate have obvious effect. The pH value of soil decreased by 0.10 ~ 0.11 and 0.11, respectively. The content of exchangeable sodium ion and the adsorption ratio of sodium to sodium were reduced by the application of modifier. The phosphogypsum and desulphurized gypsum provided sufficient calcium ions to replace the exchangeable sodium ions in the soil. The content of exchangeable sodium ions in different soil layers and the SAR values of 0-20 cm ~ 40 cm and 40 ~ 60 cm soil layer were obviously decreased. The effect of phosphogypsum and desulphurization gypsum on reducing soil exchangeable sodium ion content and SAR value was obvious. Phosphogypsum decreased by 15.5% and 18.3% (0-20 cm) and 28.6% (20-40 cm) and 36.5% (40-60 cm),) respectively compared with the control. The application of desulphurized gypsum by 40-60 cm), decreased 27.6% and 27.9% (0-20 cm) and 26.3% (20-40 cm) and 25.0% (40-60 cm);), respectively. The number of ears at maturity, The improvement effect of phosphogypsum, desulphurized gypsum and furfural slag was remarkable, which increased 27.66.5and 18.6than the control, respectively, and increased the wheat yield by 26.7% and 17.8% respectively. [conclusion] the furfural residue, humic acid and ferrous sulfate of acidic materials were increased by 17.8% and 17.8%, respectively. The pH value of soil and the number of tillers in seedling stage of wheat could be decreased obviously. Considering the effects of the modifier on the content of Na ~ + in soil and the number of wheat population, the effect of furfural residue containing carbon-adjusted acid material was better. Phosphogypsum and desulphurized gypsum containing calcium can significantly reduce soil Na content and SAR value, increase panicle number at maturity stage and increase wheat yield. The effect of phosphogypsum is the best.
【作者單位】： 中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;東營市墾利區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)局;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金優(yōu)秀青年科學(xué)基金項目(31522050)資助
【分類號】：S156.42;S512.1

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