發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-17 01:09

【摘要】：淤地壩是黃土高原重要的水土保持工程措施。隨著淤地壩庫(kù)容內(nèi)淤積的泥沙逐年增加,在攔蓄等量洪水時(shí),水位就會(huì)隨著淤積的增加而增加,進(jìn)而使淤地壩內(nèi)滲流浸潤(rùn)線抬升,滲透坡降增大。當(dāng)滲透坡降大于淤地壩筑壩土料的臨界滲透坡降時(shí),就會(huì)發(fā)生滲透形變,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致淤地壩的滲透破壞,滲透破壞是黃土高原淤地壩常見的破壞形式之一。開展淤地壩滲透分析研究,對(duì)于探索和解釋淤地壩內(nèi)滲流場(chǎng)分布、滲流場(chǎng)影響因素,防止淤地壩滲透破壞,進(jìn)行水土保持和指導(dǎo)淤地壩工程設(shè)計(jì)具有重要意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。本文采用公式法、有限元法和ANSYS CFX軟件,研究了不同方法、不同淤積年限和狹窄溝道地形對(duì)淤地壩內(nèi)滲流浸潤(rùn)線、滲透坡降和滲流出逸點(diǎn)的影響等問題,并得出了以下結(jié)論:1、基于ANSYS Workbench平臺(tái)的CFX流體數(shù)值仿真分析技術(shù)效果最佳。分析對(duì)比公式法、理正有限元法、ANSYS CFX法:公式法在分析過程中,最為傳統(tǒng),也是目前認(rèn)知力度最好的方法,但是該方法采用的是傳統(tǒng)的解方程的方法,難以應(yīng)對(duì)各向異性土層,對(duì)多種類型土層兼容性較差。理正有限元法方法新穎,操作簡(jiǎn)便,但是仍然沒有三維分析功能,更沒有全地形淤地壩滲流場(chǎng)建模能力。只有ANSYS CFX中存在全地形淤地壩滲流場(chǎng)分析能力,且對(duì)應(yīng)的精度較高。2、在洪水總量不變的情況下,隨著淤地壩內(nèi)的淤積量增加,淤地壩滲流出逸點(diǎn),滲透坡降都會(huì)增大,且增大的幅度較大。這對(duì)于淤地壩的滲透穩(wěn)定有不利影響,因此在對(duì)淤地壩進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),必須進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的計(jì)算與校核,在必要的情況下,設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的排水措施和反濾體,以降低壩體內(nèi)的浸潤(rùn)線。3、溝道形狀對(duì)淤地壩有一定的影響(本例中為17.78%)。這種影響主要表現(xiàn)為3個(gè)方面,(1)抬升作用,溝道兩側(cè)的岸坡提升了底部高程,從而使淤地壩內(nèi)滲流場(chǎng)高度提升;(2)阻擋作用,溝道兩側(cè)岸坡如果存在凹陷,在水位低的時(shí)候作用相當(dāng)于水池,可以阻擋水流通過,在水位高的時(shí)候作用相當(dāng)于寬頂堰,降低浸潤(rùn)線高度;(3)匯聚作用,使水流沿岸坡下降的方向,向溝道中心線方向匯聚,增大中心線方向上的滲流出逸點(diǎn)高程。
[Abstract]:Silt dam is an important engineering measure of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau. With the increase of silt in silt dam, the water level will increase with the increase of siltation, and then the seepage line will rise and the seepage slope will increase. When the seepage slope is larger than the critical seepage slope of soil material for dam construction, seepage deformation will occur, which will lead to seepage failure of silt dam, which is one of the common failure forms of silt dam in the Loess Plateau. The research on seepage analysis of silt dam is of great significance and practical value in exploring and explaining the distribution of seepage field in silt dam, influencing factors of seepage field, preventing seepage damage of silt dam, carrying out soil and water conservation and guiding silt dam engineering design. By using formula method, finite element method and ANSYS CFX software, the influence of different methods, different siltation years and narrow channel topography on seepage line, seepage gradient and seepage escape point in silt dam are studied. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: 1. The CFX fluid numerical simulation based on ANSYS Workbench is the best. In the process of analysis, the formula method is the most traditional and the best method of cognition at present, but the traditional method of solving equations is adopted in this method, so it is difficult to deal with anisotropic soil layer. Poor compatibility for many types of soil layers. The straightening finite element method is novel and easy to operate, but it still does not have the function of three-dimensional analysis and the ability of modeling the seepage field of a full-terrain silt dam. Only ANSYS CFX has the ability to analyze the seepage field of the whole terrain silt dam, and the corresponding accuracy is higher. When the total flood amount is constant, the seepage escape point of the silt dam will increase, and the seepage slope will increase with the increase of the siltation quantity in the silt dam. And the amplitude of the increase is larger. This has an adverse effect on the seepage stability of silt dams. Therefore, when designing silt dams, they must be calculated and checked accordingly, and, if necessary, the corresponding drainage measures and filters should be designed. In order to reduce the infiltration line. 3 in the dam body, the channel shape has certain influence on the silt dam (in this case, 17.78%). This effect is mainly manifested in three aspects: (1) uplifting, raising the bottom elevation of the bank slope on both sides of the channel, thus elevating the height of seepage field in the silt dam; (2) blocking effect, if there is a depression on the bank slope on both sides of the channel, When the water level is low, it acts as a pool, which can block the passage of water, and when the water level is high, it acts as a wide top Weir and reduces the height of the infiltrating line; (3) the converging effect causes the direction of the slope along the river to fall, and converges to the direction of the central line of the channel. Increase the height of the escape point in the direction of the center line.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S157.31

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