【摘要】：基于2016年凍土融化期黑頂子河流域地表水、土壤水和地下水中穩(wěn)定氫(δD)氧(δ~(18)O)同位素觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),分析了該區(qū)域融雪產(chǎn)流階段δD和δ~(18)O的時(shí)空變化特征及主要影響因素。結(jié)果表明:融化期積雪δD和δ~(18)O平均值最小,分別為-9.33%和-1.28%,且變異性最大。凍土層隔絕了地下水與融雪水的聯(lián)系,因而地下水、土壤水主要來(lái)自凍結(jié)期前降雨,其δD和δ~(18)O變異性最小且均勻的分布在大氣降水線附近。凍融過程控制了融雪水與土壤水的蒸發(fā)速率和混合作用,進(jìn)而影響了河水δD和δ~(18)O隨時(shí)間的變化特征。土地利用類型不同導(dǎo)致下墊面之間土壤水和地下水δD和δ~(18)O差異較大。玉米田土壤水主要來(lái)自降雨,經(jīng)歷了先入滲再蒸發(fā)的過程,呈現(xiàn)表層大深層小的變化趨勢(shì)。水稻田深層土壤水和地下水主要來(lái)自作物生長(zhǎng)期灌溉水,經(jīng)歷了先蒸發(fā)后入滲的過程,δD和δ~(18)O較大;表層土壤水主要來(lái)自凍結(jié)期降雨或融雪入滲,δD和δ~(18)O較小。受水稻田地下水補(bǔ)給、河道融冰補(bǔ)給以及蒸發(fā)作用的影響,主河道穩(wěn)定同位素顯著大于支流,這種差異的大小與流域水循環(huán)活躍程度密切相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Based on the isotopic data of stable hydrogen (未 D) oxygen (未 ~ (18) O) in surface water, soil water and groundwater during the permafrost thawing period in 2016, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and main influencing factors of 未 D and 未 ~ (18) O were analyzed. The results show that the average values of 未 D and 未 ~ (18) O are the lowest in the melting period, which are -9.33% and -1.28%, respectively, and the variability is the greatest. The frozen soil layer insulates the relation between groundwater and snowmelt water, so the groundwater, soil water mainly comes from rainfall before freezing period, and its 未 D and 未 ~ (18) O variability are the least and uniformly distributed near the precipitation line. The evaporation rate and mixing of snow melting water and soil water are controlled by freezing and thawing process, and the variation characteristics of 未 D and 未 ~ (18) O over time are affected. The difference of soil water and groundwater 未 D and 未 ~ (18) O between underlying surfaces resulted from different land use types. The soil water in maize field mainly came from rainfall, which experienced the process of infiltration and evaporation, and showed a trend of large, deep and small surface layer. The deep soil water and groundwater in the paddy field mainly come from the irrigation water of crop growing period, which experienced the process of evaporation and infiltration first, 未 D and 未 ~ (18) O were larger, the surface soil water mainly came from rainfall or snow melt infiltration during freezing period, 未 D and 未 ~ (18) O were smaller. The stable isotopes of the main channel are significantly larger than those of the tributaries due to the recharge of groundwater in the paddy field, the recharge of melting ice and evaporation, which is closely related to the active degree of the water cycle in the river basin.
【作者單位】： 武漢大學(xué)水資源與水電工程科學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(51379152,91647109) 國(guó)家十二.重大科技專項(xiàng)(2012ZX07201-006)
【分類號(hào)】：P342;P642.14;S152

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