微生物肥料對(duì)稻田土壤養(yǎng)分有效性、水稻養(yǎng)分吸收和產(chǎn)量的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-14 20:57
【摘要】：我國(guó)的肥料利用率普遍偏低,損失嚴(yán)重,農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本高,肥料的大量使用也帶來(lái)了土壤變差等環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題,同時(shí)嚴(yán)重影響糧食安全。為了保護(hù)土壤的同時(shí)提高稻米產(chǎn)量品質(zhì),本課題設(shè)計(jì)微生物肥料與化肥混合施用,在哈爾濱市吉祥農(nóng)業(yè)種植稻花香大田試驗(yàn),與生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐相結(jié)合,設(shè)置不同微生物肥料與化肥配施比例(處理1:A0B0;處理2:A0B1;處理3:A0B2;處理4:A1B0;處理5:A1B1;處理6:A1B2;處理7:A2B0;處理8:A2B1;處理9:A2B2;處理10:A3B0;處理11:A3B1;處理12:A3B2;其中A表示雙微肥,B表示土壤磷素活化劑),通過(guò)對(duì)水稻的分蘗盛期、抽穗期初期、抽穗期末期和成熟期的土壤進(jìn)行速效養(yǎng)分分析、并在水稻這四個(gè)生育期對(duì)水稻植株進(jìn)行養(yǎng)分測(cè)定,成熟期進(jìn)行理論產(chǎn)量分析,通過(guò)對(duì)比研究,尋找微生物肥料與化肥的一種最優(yōu)比例,以達(dá)到最好的肥料效果,結(jié)果如下:(1)微生物肥料確實(shí)能夠顯著提高土壤的肥力水平,處理A2B0效果最明顯,土壤磷素活化劑對(duì)土壤堿解氮的影響不顯著,但都高于對(duì)照。兩種微生物肥料配施試驗(yàn)中處理A3B2的效果最好,在抽穗20天可提高土壤堿解氮含量約69.28%。雙微肥試驗(yàn)中處理A2B0對(duì)土壤速效磷的供給和保持能力最強(qiáng),土壤磷素活化劑能顯著提高土壤速效磷的含量,約高于對(duì)照兩倍左右。兩種微生物肥料配施試驗(yàn)中,處理A3B2的效果最好。對(duì)土壤速效鉀的影響,雙微肥處理,隨著肥料的增加,土壤速效鉀的含量也隨之增加。施用土壤磷素活化劑,并沒(méi)有增加土壤速效鉀的含量。兩種微生物肥料配施中處理A3B1的效果最好。(2)微生物肥料可以增加水稻植株體內(nèi)氮、磷、鉀的含量。成熟期雙微肥試驗(yàn)中處理A2B0對(duì)莖、葉、穗中氮含量增加效果最顯著,處理A3B0對(duì)磷和鉀的含量增加效果比較顯著。土壤磷素活化劑試驗(yàn)對(duì)水稻氮、磷、鉀含量有顯著提高的是處理A0B2。兩種微生物肥料配施對(duì)水稻氮、磷、鉀含量有顯著提高的是處理A1B2。(3)施用微生物肥料的處理成熟期穗的干物質(zhì)重占總重的比例增加,說(shuō)明施用微生物肥料可以促進(jìn)干物質(zhì)向穗轉(zhuǎn)移,有利于水稻的增產(chǎn)。(4)施用微生物肥料能夠促進(jìn)水稻對(duì)氮、磷、鉀的吸收積累進(jìn)而影響營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素在莖、葉、穗中的分配,有利于水稻產(chǎn)量的增加。(5)施用微生物肥料提高了水稻的產(chǎn)量,雙微肥試驗(yàn)中處理A3B0最顯著,高出對(duì)照13.15%,A2B0次之,高出對(duì)照12.21%。土壤磷素活化劑試驗(yàn)中處理A0B2增產(chǎn)最多,高出對(duì)照5.05%。兩種微生物肥料配施試驗(yàn)處理A3B2顯著高出對(duì)照18.80%。其次是處理A1B2顯著高出對(duì)照16.04%。綜上所述,施用微生物肥料有利于土壤保肥增肥,又有利于水稻增產(chǎn),同時(shí),研究結(jié)果為農(nóng)業(yè)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展起到了一定的推動(dòng)作用,包括理論與技術(shù)上的覆蓋,進(jìn)一步完善了其存在與發(fā)展的實(shí)際意義,符合我國(guó)追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基本國(guó)情。
[Abstract]:The fertilizer utilization rate is generally low in China, the loss is serious, the cost of agricultural production is high, and the extensive use of fertilizer also brings environmental pollution problems such as soil deterioration, and seriously affects the food security at the same time. In order to protect the soil and improve the rice yield and quality, this paper designed a mixed application of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to plant rice flowers in Jixiang agricultural field in Harbin, which combined with the production practice. Set up different ratio of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (treatment 1: A0B0; treatment 2: A0B1; treatment 3: A0B2; treatment 4: A1B0; treatment 5: A1B1; treatment 6: A1B2; treatment 7: A2B0; treatment 8: A2B1; treatment 9: A2B2; treatment 10: A3B0; treatment 11: A3B1; treatment 12: A3B2; A means that soil phosphorus activation is indicated by double microfertilizer B Through the tillering period of rice, Soil available nutrients were analyzed at early heading stage, late heading stage and mature stage, and the nutrients of rice plants were measured at the four growth stages of rice, and theoretical yield analysis was carried out at maturity stage. The results are as follows: (1) microbial fertilizer can significantly improve soil fertility level, and the effect of A2B 0 treatment is the most obvious. The effect of soil phosphorus activator on soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was not significant, but higher than that of control. The treatment of A3B2 with two kinds of microbial fertilizer was the best, and the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was increased about 69.28 at heading 20 days. In the experiment of double microelement fertilizer treatment A2B _ 0 had the strongest ability to supply and maintain available phosphorus in soil. Soil phosphorus activator could significantly increase the content of soil available phosphorus about twice as much as that of the control. The treatment of A _ 3 B _ 2 was the best in the experiment of two kinds of microbial fertilizer. The content of available potassium in soil increased with the increase of fertilizer. The application of soil phosphorus activator did not increase the content of soil available potassium. (2) microbial fertilizer could increase the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice plants. The effect of treatment A2B _ 0 on the increase of nitrogen content in stem, leaf and ear was the most significant, and that of treatment A _ 3B _ 0 on the content of phosphorus and potassium was more significant. Soil phosphorus activator test significantly increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice treated with A0B2. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice treated with two kinds of microbial fertilizers were significantly increased by treatment A1B _ 2. (3) the proportion of dry matter to total weight of ear in maturing stage was increased by applying microbial fertilizer. The results showed that the application of microbial fertilizer could promote the transfer of dry matter to the ear and increase the yield of rice. (4) the application of microbial fertilizer could promote the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice, and then affect the distribution of nutrient elements in stems, leaves and ears. (5) the application of microbial fertilizer increased the yield of rice, and the treatment of A3B0 was the most significant, higher than that of the control 13.15A2B0, and higher than that of the control 12.21. In the soil phosphorus activator test, the treatment of A0B2 increased the yield the most, which was higher than that of the control 5.05. The treatment of A3B2 with two kinds of microbial fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the control 18.80. The treatment of A1B2 was significantly higher than that of the control 16.04. To sum up, the application of microbial fertilizer is beneficial to maintaining soil fertilizer and increasing rice yield. At the same time, the research results play a certain role in promoting the sustainable development of agricultural circular economy, including theoretical and technical coverage. The practical significance of its existence and development is further improved, which is in line with the basic national conditions of pursuing sustainable development in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S511;S144
本文編號(hào)：2122926
[Abstract]:The fertilizer utilization rate is generally low in China, the loss is serious, the cost of agricultural production is high, and the extensive use of fertilizer also brings environmental pollution problems such as soil deterioration, and seriously affects the food security at the same time. In order to protect the soil and improve the rice yield and quality, this paper designed a mixed application of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to plant rice flowers in Jixiang agricultural field in Harbin, which combined with the production practice. Set up different ratio of microbial fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (treatment 1: A0B0; treatment 2: A0B1; treatment 3: A0B2; treatment 4: A1B0; treatment 5: A1B1; treatment 6: A1B2; treatment 7: A2B0; treatment 8: A2B1; treatment 9: A2B2; treatment 10: A3B0; treatment 11: A3B1; treatment 12: A3B2; A means that soil phosphorus activation is indicated by double microfertilizer B Through the tillering period of rice, Soil available nutrients were analyzed at early heading stage, late heading stage and mature stage, and the nutrients of rice plants were measured at the four growth stages of rice, and theoretical yield analysis was carried out at maturity stage. The results are as follows: (1) microbial fertilizer can significantly improve soil fertility level, and the effect of A2B 0 treatment is the most obvious. The effect of soil phosphorus activator on soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen was not significant, but higher than that of control. The treatment of A3B2 with two kinds of microbial fertilizer was the best, and the soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content was increased about 69.28 at heading 20 days. In the experiment of double microelement fertilizer treatment A2B _ 0 had the strongest ability to supply and maintain available phosphorus in soil. Soil phosphorus activator could significantly increase the content of soil available phosphorus about twice as much as that of the control. The treatment of A _ 3 B _ 2 was the best in the experiment of two kinds of microbial fertilizer. The content of available potassium in soil increased with the increase of fertilizer. The application of soil phosphorus activator did not increase the content of soil available potassium. (2) microbial fertilizer could increase the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice plants. The effect of treatment A2B _ 0 on the increase of nitrogen content in stem, leaf and ear was the most significant, and that of treatment A _ 3B _ 0 on the content of phosphorus and potassium was more significant. Soil phosphorus activator test significantly increased the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice treated with A0B2. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice treated with two kinds of microbial fertilizers were significantly increased by treatment A1B _ 2. (3) the proportion of dry matter to total weight of ear in maturing stage was increased by applying microbial fertilizer. The results showed that the application of microbial fertilizer could promote the transfer of dry matter to the ear and increase the yield of rice. (4) the application of microbial fertilizer could promote the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rice, and then affect the distribution of nutrient elements in stems, leaves and ears. (5) the application of microbial fertilizer increased the yield of rice, and the treatment of A3B0 was the most significant, higher than that of the control 13.15A2B0, and higher than that of the control 12.21. In the soil phosphorus activator test, the treatment of A0B2 increased the yield the most, which was higher than that of the control 5.05. The treatment of A3B2 with two kinds of microbial fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the control 18.80. The treatment of A1B2 was significantly higher than that of the control 16.04. To sum up, the application of microbial fertilizer is beneficial to maintaining soil fertilizer and increasing rice yield. At the same time, the research results play a certain role in promoting the sustainable development of agricultural circular economy, including theoretical and technical coverage. The practical significance of its existence and development is further improved, which is in line with the basic national conditions of pursuing sustainable development in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S511;S144
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