本文選題：免耕 + 甲烷�。� 參考：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：甲烷(CH_4)是造成溫室效應(yīng)的主要溫室氣體。相同分子數(shù)的CH_4溫室效應(yīng)比二氧化碳更高,變暖潛力是二氧化碳的25倍,嚴(yán)重影響著人類的生存環(huán)境。而稻田是CH_4的重要排放源,如何減少稻田CH_4的排放對消減溫室氣體的排放具有重要意義。本研究選取典型亞熱帶季風(fēng)性濕潤氣候區(qū)的廣東省雙季稻區(qū)進(jìn)行定位試驗(yàn),設(shè)置了免耕和常規(guī)耕作兩種模式,包括常規(guī)不施肥、常規(guī)施肥、免耕不施肥、免耕施肥4個處理,觀測各處理CH_4排放通量的日變化及生育期變化,探究免耕施肥對早稻稻田CH_4排放的影響,并分析了溫度、風(fēng)速、濕度、土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、土壤pH、土壤酶活等對稻田CH_4排放的影響機(jī)制。結(jié)果如下:1.水稻分蘗期稻田CH_4排放有明顯的日變化特征,各處理稻田CH_4排放趨勢一致,排放峰值出現(xiàn)在下午15:00,最低排放值出現(xiàn)在夜晚21:00。CH_4日平均排放量大小為:常規(guī)施肥(48.56mg/m~2·h)常規(guī)不施肥(24.47mg/m~2·h)免耕施肥(8.88mg/m~2·h)免耕不施肥(1.97mg/m~2·h)。水稻抽穗期稻田CH_4排放的日變化特征不明顯,各處理CH_4排放峰值與最低值出現(xiàn)不一致,各處理CH_4日平均通量大小次序?yàn)?常規(guī)不施肥(19.43 mg/m~2·h)免耕施肥(16.06 mg/m~2·h)免耕不施肥(5.34 mg/m~2·h)常規(guī)施肥(4.67 mg/m~2·h)。2.在整個生育期內(nèi),免耕處理稻田CH_4的排放通量低于常規(guī)處理。各處理稻田CH_4排放的動態(tài)變化表現(xiàn)為多峰模式,稻田CH_4排放最高值出現(xiàn)在分蘗期,最低值出現(xiàn)在曬田時(移栽后41天),整個生育期各處理稻田CH_4排放通量均值大小關(guān)系為:常規(guī)不施肥常規(guī)施肥免耕施肥免耕不施肥,分別為25.68mg/m~2·h,19.55 mg/m~2·h,11.67 mg/m~2·h,4.54 mg/m~2·h,免耕處理稻田CH_4排放量比常規(guī)處理稻田CH_4排放量低64.16%。3.免耕提高了土壤酶活性,且有利于培肥地力。與常規(guī)耕作比較,免耕脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性分別提高了5.27%-10.85%和5.26%-6.56%,脲酶活性在孕穗期和抽穗期免耕的主效應(yīng)達(dá)到顯著水平(P0.05),酸性磷酸酶活性在孕穗期、抽穗期和成熟期免耕的主效應(yīng)達(dá)到顯著水平(P0.05)。土壤養(yǎng)分測試結(jié)果表明,免耕提高了土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮含量。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量免耕比常規(guī)耕作模式提高4.00%-8.92%,并在分蘗期、孕穗期、抽穗期和成熟期的主效應(yīng)達(dá)到顯著水平(P0.05);土壤銨態(tài)氮含量免耕比常規(guī)耕作模式提高16.50%-24.88%,并在孕穗期和抽穗期的主效應(yīng)達(dá)到顯著水平(P0.05);土壤硝態(tài)氮含量免耕比常規(guī)耕作模式提高17.73%,并在孕穗期、抽穗期和成熟期的主效應(yīng)達(dá)到顯著水平(P0.05)。但免耕有降低土壤pH的趨勢。4.免耕和常規(guī)耕作模式稻田CH_4氣體的日尺度排放與氣溫、地表溫度、5cm土溫、草面溫度、絕對濕度、風(fēng)速等呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。土壤pH、土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、土壤銨態(tài)氮含量及土壤脲酶活性均與CH_4排放通量為正相關(guān)關(guān)系,土壤硝態(tài)氮含量與稻田CH_4排放量相關(guān)性不顯著。
[Abstract]:Methane (CH4) is the main greenhouse gas that causes Greenhouse Effect. CH4 Greenhouse Effect with the same molecular number is higher than carbon dioxide, and the warming potential is 25 times higher than that of carbon dioxide, which seriously affects the living environment of human beings. The rice field is an important source of CH4 emission. How to reduce CH4 emission from paddy field is of great significance to reduce the greenhouse gas emission. In this study, two models of no-tillage, conventional tillage, no-tillage and no-tillage fertilization were established. The effects of no-tillage fertilization on CH4 emission from early rice paddy field were investigated by observing the diurnal variation of Ch _ 4 emission flux and growth period of various treatments, and the temperature, wind speed, humidity and soil organic matter were analyzed. Effects of soil pH and soil enzyme activity on CH4 emission from paddy field. The result is as follows: 1. CH4 emission from rice field at tillering stage showed obvious diurnal variation, and the CH4 emission trend of all treatments was the same. The emission peak appeared at 15: 00 in the afternoon, and the lowest emission value appeared at 21: 00.CH4 at night. The average emission value was: conventional fertilization (48.56mg/m~2 h), conventional no-tillage fertilization (24.47mg/m~2 h), no-tillage fertilization (8.88mg/m~2 h), no-tillage fertilization (1.97mg/m~2 h). H). The diurnal variation of CH4 emission in rice field at heading stage was not obvious. The order of the average fluxes of Ch _ 4 in each treatment was as follows: no fertilization (19.43 mg/m~2 h), no-tillage fertilization (16.06 mg/m~2 h), no-tillage fertilization (5.34 mg/m~2 h), conventional fertilization (4.67 mg/m~2 h) .2. During the whole growth period, Ch _ 4 emission flux of no-tillage treatment was lower than that of conventional treatment. The dynamic change of Ch _ 4 emission in paddy field was multi-peak mode, and the highest value of Ch _ 4 emission in paddy field appeared at tillering stage. The mean value of CH4 emission flux of rice field in the whole growth period was: conventional fertilization, no-tillage, no-tillage and no fertilization. The CH4 emission of no-tillage treatment rice field was 64.16% lower than that of conventional rice field. No tillage increased soil enzyme activity and was beneficial to fertility. Compared with conventional tillage, the activities of urease and acid phosphatase in no-tillage were 5.27-10.85% and 5.26-6.56, respectively. The main effect of no-tillage was significant at booting stage and heading stage (P0.05), and the activity of acid phosphatase was at booting stage. The main effect of no-tillage at heading stage and ripening stage was significant (P0.05). The results of soil nutrient test showed that the content of organic matter, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were increased by no-tillage. The content of soil organic matter in no-tillage was 4.00-8.92 higher than that in conventional tillage, and it was increased at tillering stage and booting stage. The main effects at heading stage and ripening stage were significant (P0.05), the content of soil ammonium nitrogen in no-tillage was 16.50-24.88 higher than that in conventional tillage, and the main effect was significant at booting stage and heading stage (P0.05); No-tillage of soil nitrate content was higher than that of conventional tillage (P0.05). The pattern was increased by 17.73, and at booting stage, The main effects at heading stage and mature stage were significant (P0.05). But no-tillage had the tendency of decreasing soil pH. The diurnal emission of CH4 gas was positively correlated with air temperature, surface temperature (5cm), grass surface temperature, absolute humidity, wind speed and so on. Soil pH, soil organic matter, soil ammonium nitrogen content and soil urease activity were positively correlated with Ch _ 4 emission flux, but no significant correlation was found between soil nitrate nitrogen content and Ch _ 4 emission from paddy field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X712;S511.31

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