本文選題：填海造陸 + 鹽田��； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：填海造陸是人類開發(fā)利用濱海地區(qū)的重要方式,也是人類拓展生存空間和生產(chǎn)空間的重要手段。但是填海造陸在緩解土地需求矛盾的同時,也給回填區(qū)帶來了鹽漬化的危害,鹽漬土給回填區(qū)的生態(tài)建設(shè)帶來了地表綠化困難、地下設(shè)施腐蝕、路基穩(wěn)定破壞等問題。近些年,在國家政策和經(jīng)濟利益的驅(qū)使下,大量填海工程直接建立在鹽田之上,回填后地下水完全浸漬鹽田土,使其中的鹽分溶解擴散,并通過蒸發(fā)作用不斷向上層積聚,這在一定程度上會加劇回填區(qū)的地表鹽漬化。因此,研究鹽田上填海造陸區(qū)的水鹽運移規(guī)律對濱海生態(tài)建設(shè)具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。本文以鹽田上的填海造陸工程為研究對象,在調(diào)查其鹽漬化危害的基礎(chǔ)上,開展?jié)撍舭l(fā)驅(qū)動下的土壤水鹽運移規(guī)律分析及調(diào)控研究。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下：(1)通過實地考察氣候條件相近的典型填海工程,初步分析鹽田對建立在其上的填海造陸工程的危害。結(jié)果表明,回填區(qū)表層的土壤含鹽量與附近鹽田的土壤含鹽量具有一致性,且年份的推移使其含鹽量越接近。土壤顆粒級配對水鹽運移的影響是基于不同粒徑土壤對水鹽的滲透能力和土壤顆粒吸附能力的差異。(2)通過室內(nèi)試驗,模擬不同顆粒級配下土壤的淋洗過程,以分析不同顆粒級配對土壤中水鹽運移的影響。結(jié)果表明,細(xì)粒土含量越大,其對土體滲透系數(shù)的影響程度就越大,即細(xì)粒土含量的減少,使土體達到穩(wěn)定滲透狀態(tài)的時間縮短、滲透系數(shù)增大,且使土體滲透系數(shù)增加的幅度降低。同時土壤滲漏液電導(dǎo)率和滲透系數(shù)的變化過程也隨著細(xì)粒土含量的不同而呈現(xiàn)出不同的變化規(guī)律。(3)通過室內(nèi)試驗,模擬多種變化環(huán)境下的地表積鹽過程,以分析不同地下水礦化度和鹽田土對積鹽過程的影響。結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)?shù)叵滤V化度較低時,土柱中的鹽分呈現(xiàn)出從下層遷移到上層的規(guī)律,而當(dāng)?shù)叵滤V化度較高或存在鹽田土?xí)r,下層遷移走的鹽分得到了補給,這將進一步加劇鹽分的上移和表聚。隨著礦化度環(huán)境的提高,地下水對上層填土積鹽的影響權(quán)重也相應(yīng)提高,而各土柱中鹽田土的含鹽量是相對固定的,所以鹽田土對上層填土鹽分累積增量的影響逐漸減弱,使其鹽分增幅逐漸降低,且鹽分增加速率達到穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的時間提前。土壤鹽分類型從CaSO4型轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镹aCl型。(4)以濱海區(qū)生態(tài)建設(shè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展為導(dǎo)向,分析回填區(qū)的鹽分來源及其影響因素,提出有針對性的改善方案。海水和地下水是回填區(qū)鹽分補給的主要來源,其次是地表徑流和鹽田,其中鹽田在回填初期影響最大。氣候因素與地形地貌是影響鹽田等高含鹽層形成的主要外界條件。針對鹽田等高含鹽土層,主要采取物理措施、化學(xué)措施、工程措施、生物措施來改善鹽田土的含鹽量,降低其對填海造陸區(qū)的鹽漬化危害。
[Abstract]:Reclamation is an important way for human beings to develop and utilize coastal areas, and it is also an important means for human beings to expand their living space and production space. However, reclamation not only alleviates the contradiction of land demand, but also brings salinization harm to backfill area. Salinized soil brings problems such as surface greening difficulty, underground facilities corrosion and subgrade stability damage to ecological construction of backfill area. In recent years, driven by national policies and economic interests, a large number of reclamation projects have been built directly on salt fields. After backfilling, groundwater has been completely impregnated in salt soil, resulting in the dissolution and diffusion of salt in the soil, and the accumulation of salt to the upper layer through evaporation. To some extent, this will aggravate the salinization of the backfill area. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the law of water and salt migration for coastal ecological construction. On the basis of investigation of salinization hazards, the study on the regulation and regulation of soil water and salt migration driven by phreatic evaporation is carried out in this paper, taking the reclamation and land reclamation project in salt fields as the research object and on the basis of investigating its salinization hazards. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) through field investigation of typical reclamation projects with similar climatic conditions, the harm of salt fields to reclamation and land reclamation based on salt fields is preliminarily analyzed. The results show that the salt content in the surface layer of the backfill area is consistent with that in the nearby salt field, and the year goes by makes the salt content closer. The effect of soil particle gradation on water and salt migration is based on the difference of soil permeability to water and salt and the adsorption ability of soil particles. (2) the leaching process of soil under different particle gradation is simulated through laboratory experiments. The effect of different particle gradation on water and salt migration in soil was analyzed. The results show that the greater the content of fine-grained soil, the greater its influence on the soil permeability coefficient, that is, the decrease of fine grained soil content shortens the time of reaching stable permeability state and increases the permeability coefficient. And the increase of soil permeability coefficient is reduced. At the same time, the change process of conductivity and permeability coefficient of soil leakage fluid is different with the content of fine-grained soil. (3) through laboratory experiments, the process of surface salt accumulation in various changing environments is simulated. The effects of different groundwater salinity and salt-field soil on the salt accumulation process were analyzed. The results show that when the salinity of groundwater is low, the salt in the soil column moves from the lower layer to the upper layer, but when the salinity of groundwater is high or the salt soil exists, the salt of the lower layer is recharged. This will further increase the upward movement of salt and surface aggregation. With the increase of salinity environment, the influence weight of groundwater on the salt accumulation of the upper soil is increased accordingly, and the salt content of the saline soil in each soil column is relatively fixed, so the effect of salt field soil on the accumulation of salt in the upper filling gradually weakens. The increasing rate of salt content decreased gradually, and the time of salt increasing rate reaching stable state was advanced. The salt type of soil changed from CaSO4 type to NaCl type. (4) based on the sustainable development of ecological construction in coastal area, the source of salt in backfill area and its influencing factors were analyzed, and the corresponding improvement scheme was put forward. Seawater and groundwater are the main sources of salt recharge in backfill area, followed by surface runoff and salt field. Climatic factors and landform are the main external conditions that affect the formation of salt beds. Physical, chemical, engineering and biological measures are adopted to improve the salt content and reduce the salinization harm to the reclaimed land.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S156.41

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