發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-07 12:29

  本文選題：秸稈 + 纖維素降解菌�。� 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：秸稈是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中產(chǎn)生的一種重要的生物質(zhì)資源,相比煤和石油等礦質(zhì)資源,是具有可再生性的能源。秸稈資源能否有效利用直接影響到現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)等重大民生問(wèn)題。當(dāng)前,大量的秸稈資源被廢棄或者焚燒處理,在帶來(lái)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的同時(shí)又導(dǎo)致了資源的白白浪費(fèi)。通過(guò)微生物的作用能夠高效的促進(jìn)秸稈的快速降解,對(duì)于加快秸稈還田的推廣意義重大,也是目前合理、有效利用秸稈資源行之有效的方法。通過(guò)能夠高效降解秸稈纖維素類和木質(zhì)素類物質(zhì)的微生物的作用,可以有效推動(dòng)秸稈的快速降解。微生物降解秸稈的產(chǎn)物,可作為土壤腐殖質(zhì)芳香環(huán)形成的重要來(lái)源,對(duì)于促進(jìn)土壤腐殖質(zhì)的形成有積極作用。微生物降解纖維素產(chǎn)生的有機(jī)酸,還可作為土壤中固氮菌的碳源,這在一定程度上不僅消除了有機(jī)酸對(duì)纖維素分解菌代謝的抑制作用,還能夠?yàn)槔w維素降解菌生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育提供所需的氮源�；谕寥乐懈魑⑸锓N群間形成的這一循環(huán)模式,不僅有效解決了秸稈快速腐解的問(wèn)題,還有利于提高土壤中微生物的活性,對(duì)于提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的效率意義重大。本研究以獲得高效纖維素降解菌系,開發(fā)出能夠用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的秸稈腐熟劑,為秸稈還田提供技術(shù)支持為宗旨,主要開展了高效降解菌株的分離、篩選,高效降解菌系的構(gòu)建,高效降解菌系培養(yǎng)條件優(yōu)化,高效降解菌系對(duì)玉米秸稈降解的效果等研究。得出了以下主要結(jié)論:1.通過(guò)在CMC-Na培養(yǎng)基上進(jìn)行菌株的分離和剛果紅染色進(jìn)行初篩,獲得有纖維素降解能力的菌株25株。剛果紅染色后能夠在有纖維素降解能力的菌株周圍產(chǎn)生透明水圈,將透明圈直徑與菌落直徑的比值和菌株降解纖維素過(guò)程CMC和FPA酶活的大小作為復(fù)篩的依據(jù),獲得了3株纖維素降解能力比較高的菌株:C9、F93和D72,經(jīng)過(guò)初步鑒定菌株C9和F93屬于木霉屬,菌株D72屬于青霉素。2.將篩選過(guò)程中獲得的3株產(chǎn)纖維素酶活較高的菌株進(jìn)行組合培養(yǎng),測(cè)定各組合菌系的CMC和FPA酶活,相對(duì)單菌株而言,組合菌系的纖維素酶活性大大提高,獲得了一組能夠高效降解纖維素的菌株組合ZH4,其CMC和FPA酶活分別達(dá)到了3.18 U/mL和1.67 U/mL。3.為了能夠更好的利用本研究中構(gòu)建的纖維素高效降解菌系,發(fā)揮其高效降解秸稈的作用,本研究對(duì)高效降解菌系的培養(yǎng)條件進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的優(yōu)化研究。通過(guò)對(duì)培養(yǎng)時(shí)間、培養(yǎng)溫度、培養(yǎng)基初始pH值和氮源等對(duì)菌系產(chǎn)酶活性的影響的研究,確定了高效降解菌系高效產(chǎn)酶的最適宜條件,該菌系ZH4產(chǎn)酶的高峰期是培養(yǎng)第4d,最適宜產(chǎn)酶的培養(yǎng)溫度是35℃、最適宜產(chǎn)酶的培養(yǎng)基pH值是6.5、最適宜菌系產(chǎn)酶的培養(yǎng)基氮源為蛋白胨和尿素。4.為了探究實(shí)驗(yàn)中所構(gòu)建的纖維素高效降解菌系在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用效果,本研究對(duì)構(gòu)建的高效纖維素降解菌系對(duì)玉米秸稈降解效果進(jìn)行了研究。將構(gòu)建的高效纖維素降解菌系在其最適產(chǎn)酶條件下進(jìn)行玉米秸稈發(fā)酵,對(duì)菌系降解玉米秸稈前后的失重率進(jìn)行測(cè)定,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示實(shí)驗(yàn)所構(gòu)建的高效降解菌系對(duì)玉米秸稈的降解效果良好,降解秸稈的失重率達(dá)到34.52%,與單一菌株降解相比失重率提高了21.3%-59.6%。鑒于該菌系于常溫條件下篩選所得,因此對(duì)于推廣至生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:Straw is an important biomass resource in agricultural production. Compared with coal and oil, it is a renewable energy resource. The effective utilization of straw resources can directly affect the sustainable development of modern agriculture and environmental protection. At present, a large number of straw resources are abandoned or burned. At the same time it brings environmental problems, it leads to the waste of resources. Through the effect of microorganism, it can effectively promote the rapid degradation of straw. It is of great significance to accelerate the promotion of straw returning. It is also an effective method to effectively utilize straw resources at present. By the efficient degradation of straw cellulose and lignin. The effect of microbial biomass can effectively promote the rapid degradation of straw. The product of microbial degradation of straw can be used as an important source of the formation of soil humus aromatic ring, and has a positive effect on the formation of soil humus. Microbial degradation of organic acids from cellulose can also be used as a carbon source of nitrogen fixing bacteria in soil. It can not only eliminate the inhibitory effect of organic acids on the metabolism of cellulose decomposing bacteria, but also provide the necessary nitrogen source for the growth and development of cellulose degrading bacteria. Based on this cycle pattern formed among the microorganisms in the soil, it not only effectively solves the problem of fast decomposition of straw, but also helps to improve the microbial activity in the soil. The purpose of this study is to improve the efficiency of agricultural production. In order to obtain high efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria system, we develop a straw decomposing agent which can be used in agricultural production, and provide technical support for the straw returning to the field. The following main conclusions were obtained as follows: 1. through the isolation of strain and Congo red staining on the CMC-Na medium, 25 strains with cellulose degradation ability were obtained. After Congo red staining, it could produce transparency around the strain with cellulose degradation ability. The water circle, the ratio of the diameter of the transparent circle to the colony diameter and the size of the strain CMC and FPA enzyme in the cellulose degrading process were used as the basis for rescreening. 3 strains with high cellulose degradation ability were obtained: C9, F93 and D72. After preliminary identification, the strain C9 and F93 belonged to Trichoderma, and the strain D72 belonged to 3 strains obtained in the screening process of penicillin.2.. The strains with high cellulase activity were combined and cultured to determine the CMC and FPA enzyme activities of the combined strains. Compared with the single strain, the cellulase activity of the combined strain was greatly improved, and a group of strains capable of efficiently degrading cellulose ZH4 were obtained. The activity of CMC and FPA enzymes reached 3.18 U/mL and 1.67 U/mL.3. to be better. In this study, the effect of high efficiency degradation of cellulose on the efficient degradation of straw was carried out. The culture conditions of high efficiency degradation bacteria were studied in detail in this study. The effect of culture time, culture temperature, initial pH value and nitrogen source on the enzyme activity of the bacteria was studied, and the highly efficient degrading bacteria were determined. The most suitable condition for high yield enzyme production is that the peak period of ZH4 producing enzyme in this strain is 4D, the optimum incubation temperature for producing enzymes is 35, the optimum medium for producing enzymes is 6.5, the best medium suitable for enzyme production is peptone and urea.4. in order to explore the actual production of cellulose degrading bacteria built in the experiment. In this study, the degradation effect of high efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria on corn straw was studied in this study. The high efficiency cellulose degrading bacteria was built under the optimum enzyme production condition to ferment corn straw, and the weight loss rate before and after the degradation of corn straw were measured. The experimental results showed the efficiency of the experiment. The degradation effect of biodegrading bacteria on corn straw was good, the weight loss rate of the degraded straw reached 34.52%. Compared with the single strain degradation, the weight loss rate was increased by 21.3%-59.6%., because the strain was screened under the condition of normal temperature, so it was of great practical significance to popularize to the production practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S141.4;S182

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本文編號(hào)：2104968