本文選題：低溫冷害 + 水稻�。� 參考：《成都信息工程大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文是在國家科技支撐計劃項目《重大突發(fā)性自然災害預警與防控技術研究與應用》下《突發(fā)性災害應急與防控技術集成與示范》課題(項目編號:2012BAD20B00)中的《云南突發(fā)性災害指標與發(fā)生規(guī)律的研究》子課題(合約編號:2012BAD20B06)的資助下完成的。論文以秈稻和粳稻兩個水稻品種為試驗材料,在云南4個海拔高度進行選址,采用盆栽實驗,建立4個自動氣象站,進行平行觀測,在水稻主要生育期開展生理觀測和水稻生長動態(tài)觀測,得出水稻生長、生理、生產觀測數據和主要氣象數據,綜合對水稻低溫冷害指標進行研究。本文研究的主要內容是:開展水稻種植試驗,基于水稻不同發(fā)育時期的生理生態(tài)習性、作物生長模擬模型和不同天氣氣候條件,分析海拔梯度變化對水稻光合作用、水稻生長的影響;對4個種植實驗點的水稻在不同生育期進行海拔梯度搬運,模擬不同梯度海拔和溫度變化,分析海拔梯度間搬運對水稻生長、生理和產量的影響。結合氣象觀測資料,明確致災因子出現(xiàn)的條件及其相應指標,對水稻低溫冷害的指標進行研究。分析結果表明:影響粳稻的氣象因子最主要是氣溫,粳稻容易受低溫的影響,低溫會降低莖鞘干重、葉片干重、葉面積,降低水稻有效穗數和有效粒數。影響秈稻的氣象因子同樣以氣溫為主導,但是就氣溫和各產量構成因素之間的關系而言,粳稻要比秈稻明顯。對于秈稻而言,形成最大差異的臨界海拔高度在1500~1800m之間,1500~1800 m可作為判斷秈稻生長是否受到顯著影響的分水嶺;對于粳稻來說,形成最大差異的臨界海拔高度在1800~2100m之間。1800~2100m,可作為判斷秈稻生長是否受到顯著影響的分水嶺。隨海拔高度的增加,溫度的降低,水稻葉片最大凈光合速率和光合能力逐漸降低,表觀兩量子效率也降低,而光飽和點和CO2飽和點逐漸增大,光補償點和CO2補償點都減小,表觀羧化速率卻在較低海拔時相對較低。同一品種在不同海拔、不同生育階段,光合特性都有明顯的差異,搬運處理在短期內也會明顯改變水稻的光合特性。從較低海拔向較高海拔搬運,粳稻受到的不利影響較秈稻受到的影響更大。定義云南秈稻在拔節(jié)期低溫冷害影響指標為19.6℃,開花結實期低溫冷害影響指標為20.5℃,乳熟期低溫冷害影響指標為19.1℃;定義云南粳稻在拔節(jié)期低溫冷害影響指標為17.2℃,開花結實期低溫冷害影響指標為18.1℃,乳熟期低溫冷害影響指標為16.7℃。
[Abstract]:This article is in the national science and technology support plan project "the important sudden natural disaster early warning and the prevention and control technology research and the application" under the "sudden disaster emergency and prevention and control technology integration and demonstration" project (project number: 2012BAD20B00) "Yunnan" A study on the Indexes and rules of sudden disasters. Subproject (contract No.: 2012BAD20B06). In this paper, two rice varieties, indica rice and japonica rice, were selected at four altitudes in Yunnan, and four automatic weather stations were set up for parallel observation by pot experiment. Physiological observation and dynamic observation of rice growth were carried out in the main growth period of rice. The observation data of rice growth, physiology and production and main meteorological data were obtained, and the cold damage index of rice at low temperature was studied synthetically. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the experiment of rice cultivation is carried out. Based on the physiological and ecological habits of rice at different development stages, crop growth simulation model and different weather and climate conditions, the effect of altitude gradient on photosynthesis of rice is analyzed. The effects of different gradients on the growth, physiology and yield of rice were analyzed. Combined with meteorological observation data, the conditions of occurrence of disaster factors and their corresponding indexes were determined, and the indexes of low temperature chilling injury of rice were studied. The results showed that the main meteorological factors affecting japonica rice were air temperature, which was easy to be affected by low temperature. The dry weight of stem and sheath, dry weight of leaf, leaf area, effective panicle number and effective grain number of rice could be reduced by low temperature. The meteorological factors affecting indica rice were also dominated by temperature, but in terms of the relationship between temperature and yield components, japonica rice was more obvious than indica rice. For indica rice, the critical altitude between 1500 ~ 1800m and 1800m can be used as a watershed to judge whether the growth of indica rice is significantly affected or not. The critical altitude of the maximum difference was between 1800m and 2100m, which could be used as a watershed to judge whether the growth of indica rice was significantly affected. With the increase of altitude and the decrease of temperature, the maximum net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic ability of rice leaves decreased gradually, and the apparent two quantum efficiency also decreased, while the light saturation point and CO _ 2 saturation point increased, and the light compensation point and CO _ 2 compensation point decreased. The apparent rate of carboxylation is relatively low at lower altitude. The photosynthetic characteristics of the same variety were significantly different at different altitudes and different growth stages, and the transport treatment could also change the photosynthetic characteristics of rice in a short period of time. From lower altitude to higher altitude, the adverse effect of japonica rice was greater than that of indica rice. The effects of low temperature chilling injury on Yunnan indica rice at jointing stage were defined as 19.6 鈩，

本文編號：2104862