本文選題：高鐵項目 + 水土流失特點��； 參考：《華北水利水電大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自2016年6月29日國務(wù)院常務(wù)會議通過了《中長期鐵路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃(2016~2030)》,中國高速鐵路網(wǎng)正式由“四縱四橫”升級為“八縱八橫”。規(guī)劃要求實現(xiàn)中國鐵路網(wǎng)里程達到20.4萬km,其中高速鐵路(以下簡稱高鐵)網(wǎng)7.2萬km,快速鐵路網(wǎng)連接所有50萬以上人口城市,高鐵連接所有100萬以上人口城市,城際高鐵連接城市群內(nèi)部城市。高鐵不僅速度快、安全性好、乘坐舒適,而且對于加速沿線經(jīng)濟、旅游發(fā)展,促進產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整都具有重要意義。但是,由于高鐵項目在施工建設(shè)過程中大范圍擾動地表和破壞植被,大量土石方挖填與調(diào)運,以及棄渣堆放極易產(chǎn)生嚴重的水土流失,若不及時采取有效的防治措施,將會對高鐵沿線的生態(tài)環(huán)境造成嚴重影響,對沿線群眾的生命、財產(chǎn)安全構(gòu)成威脅。作者在分析國內(nèi)外大量文獻資料基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)高鐵項目布局與施工工藝,結(jié)合沿線地形地貌特征,分析歸納出高鐵項目的水土流失特點為:(1)典型的人為加速侵蝕;(2)整體呈帶狀分布,且線性帶狀與點狀分散并存;(3)類型多樣,不同地形地貌類型之間水土流失原因和強度存在差異;(4)時段性強,分段分區(qū)之間差別大;(5)與普通鐵路及其他生產(chǎn)建設(shè)項目造成的水土流失具有明顯差異等,并探討了產(chǎn)生水土流失的主要原因。本文根據(jù)水土流失特點和防治區(qū)劃分原則,將高鐵項目水土流失防治責任范圍劃分為路基工程區(qū)、站場工程區(qū)、橋梁工程區(qū)、隧道工程區(qū)、取土場區(qū)、棄渣場區(qū)、施工道路區(qū)和施工生產(chǎn)生活區(qū)等8個防治分區(qū)。據(jù)此進行了分區(qū)水土保持措施布設(shè),給出了分區(qū)措施布置圖,構(gòu)建了高鐵項目水土流失防治措施體系,并就水土流失防治重點和主要防治措施進行了深入分析與探討。同時,以西南地區(qū)某高鐵客運專線為例,就邊坡防護措施、截排水措施、棄渣場攔擋措施,和表土剝離及其集中堆存、臨時攔擋、苫蓋、排水、沉沙等措施進行了較詳盡典型設(shè)計,并給出可供參考應(yīng)用的圖件與相應(yīng)說明。
[Abstract]:Since June 29, 2016, the Executive meeting of the State Council adopted the medium and long term Railway Network Plan (201630), China's high-speed railway network has been upgraded from "four vertical and four horizontal" to "eight vertical and eight horizontal". The plan requires that the mileage of China's railway network should reach 204000 km, of which the high-speed railway network (hereinafter referred to as high-speed rail) will be 72000 km, the rapid rail network will connect all cities with a population of more than 500000 and the high-speed rail network will connect all cities with a population of more than 1 million. Intercity high-speed rail links the inner cities of the urban agglomeration. High-speed rail is not only fast, safe and comfortable to ride, but also of great significance to accelerate economic development, tourism development and industrial structure adjustment along the route. However, due to the disturbance of the surface and the destruction of vegetation during the construction and construction of the high-speed railway project, a large number of earth and rock excavation and filling and transportation, as well as the dumping of slag, are prone to serious soil and water loss. If effective preventive measures are not taken in time, It will seriously affect the ecological environment along the high-speed railway, and threaten the lives and property safety of the people along the line. On the basis of analyzing a large number of documents and materials at home and abroad, according to the layout and construction technology of high-speed railway project, the author combines the topographic and geomorphological characteristics along the line. The characteristics of soil and water loss of the project are as follows: (1) typical accelerated anthropogenic erosion; (2) the overall distribution is zonal, and linear banding and dotted dispersion coexist; (3) there are various types. There are differences in the causes and intensity of soil and water loss among different topographic and geomorphological types; (4) strong time periods and great differences between subdivision and subdivision; (5) significant differences between soil and water loss caused by general railway and other production and construction projects, etc. The main causes of soil erosion are also discussed. According to the characteristics of soil and water loss and the principle of division of prevention and control area, this paper divides the responsibility range of soil erosion prevention and control of high-speed railway project into subgrade engineering area, station yard engineering area, bridge engineering area, tunnel engineering area, soil collection site area, slag disposal site area, etc. Construction road area and construction production living area and other 8 prevention zones. Based on this, the layout of soil and water conservation measures is carried out, the layout map of zoning measures is given, the system of soil erosion prevention and control measures for high iron projects is constructed, and the emphases and main measures of soil and water loss prevention and control are analyzed and discussed in depth. At the same time, taking a high-speed passenger dedicated line in the southwest of China as an example, the measures of slope protection, interception and drainage, as well as surface soil stripping and its centralized storage, temporary blocking, covering and drainage, The measures such as sediment sinking are designed in detail, and the drawings and corresponding instructions for reference and application are given.
【學位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157

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