本文選題：土地復墾 + 黃土區(qū)　； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤是一個復雜的多孔物質(zhì),疏松的土壤微粒所形成孔隙的大小,數(shù)目,幾何形狀以及分布都是極為復雜的。露天煤礦排土場土壤的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)在排土過程中由于受到大型機械壓實而遭到破壞,因此重構(gòu)一個適合于復墾植被生長的土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)是礦區(qū)土壤重構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。當前對于土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的定量化表征是一個難題,以往研究中的土壤孔隙度、連通性等描述土壤孔隙的參數(shù)只能反映孔隙的部分特點,不能充分表征孔隙的復雜性質(zhì)。為了更好的定量表征排土場重構(gòu)土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu),分析排土和復墾對土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,本文采用現(xiàn)代化先進的高精度無損計算機斷層掃描技術(shù)(CT)對山西省平朔礦區(qū)安太堡露天煤礦排土場平臺全黃土覆蓋的不同復墾年限(0年、20年、23年)以及原地貌的土壤進行分層掃描成像,引入土壤多重分形理論,對土壤孔隙分布的多重分形參數(shù)廣義維數(shù)譜D(q)、多重分形奇異性指數(shù)α(q)以及多重分形譜函數(shù)f(α(q))等參數(shù)進行計算,并對不同分形參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系進行分析。通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)用CT掃描和計算機圖形軟件相結(jié)合的方法可以準確地分析出排土場重構(gòu)土壤孔隙的大小、數(shù)目等分布狀況;(2)隨著復墾年限的增加,復墾后土壤孔隙數(shù)量及孔隙度有較大改善,但仍未達到原地貌水平;(3)黃土區(qū)大型露天煤礦排土場重構(gòu)土壤孔隙分布具有明顯的多重分形特征,容量維D(0)、信息維D(1)、容量維數(shù)與信息熵維數(shù)的差值D(0)-D(1)、多重分形譜譜寬度Δα和Δf都能較好地從不同角度反映土壤孔隙分布的非均質(zhì)特征;(4)復墾植被改善土壤孔隙的效果比較明顯,復墾年限較長的土壤孔隙孔徑的分布范圍較寬、土壤孔隙分布測度集中、土壤孔隙變異程度大、孔徑分布離散度較小,土壤多重分形的各指標都較好,而剛復墾還未進行植被恢復的土壤孔隙各項指標與原地貌比較差異明顯;(5)重構(gòu)土壤孔隙分布多重分形參數(shù)之間具有較好的相關(guān)性,可以簡化選擇D(0)、D(1)和Δα(或D(0)、ΔD和Δf)三個參數(shù)實現(xiàn)對黃土區(qū)重構(gòu)土壤孔隙組成分布的定量表征。本研究可為黃土區(qū)露天煤礦排土場土地復墾以及重構(gòu)土壤孔隙的定量化表征提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Soil is a complex porous material. The size, number, geometry and distribution of pores formed by loose soil particles are extremely complex. The pore structure of soil in the dump of open pit coal mine is destroyed by large mechanical compaction in the process of dumping, so it is the basis of soil reconstruction to reconstruct a soil pore structure suitable for the growth of reclamation vegetation. At present, the quantitative characterization of soil pore structure is a difficult problem. The parameters such as soil porosity and connectivity in previous studies can only reflect some of the characteristics of the pore, but can not fully characterize the complex properties of the pore. In order to quantitatively characterize the pore structure of the soil in the dump, the effects of soil dump and reclamation on the pore structure of the soil were analyzed. In this paper, modern and advanced computerized tomography (CT) technique is used to reclaim different reclamation years (0, 20, 23 years) and original geomorphology of the flat loess covering the dump of Antaibao opencast coal mine in Pingshuo mining area, Shanxi Province. The soil is scanned by stratification, Based on soil multifractal theory, the generalized dimension spectrum D (q), multifractal singularity exponent 偽 (q) and multifractal spectrum function f (偽 (q) of soil pore distribution are calculated, and the relationships among different fractal parameters are analyzed. It is found that: (1) the size and number of soil pores can be accurately analyzed by using the method of CT scanning and computer graphics software; (2) with the increase of reclamation years, the size and number of soil pores can be accurately analyzed. After reclamation, the amount of soil porosity and porosity have been improved, but still not up to the original geomorphological level. (3) the distribution of soil pore in the reconstructed dump of large open pit coal mine in loess area has obvious multifractal characteristics. The difference between capacity dimension D (0), information dimension D (1), capacity dimension and information entropy dimension D (0) -D (1), multifractal spectrum width 螖 偽 and 螖 f can better reflect the heterogeneous characteristics of soil pore distribution from different angles. The distribution range of pore size of soil with longer reclamation years is wider, the distribution of soil pore is concentrated, the variation degree of soil pore is large, the dispersion of pore size distribution is small, and all indexes of soil multifractal are better. However, the indexes of soil pores which have not been reclaimed by vegetation have significant differences with the original landforms. (5) there is a good correlation between the multifractal parameters of soil pore distribution and the reconstruction of soil pore distribution. It can be simplified to select D (0) D (1) and 螖 偽 (or D (0), 螖 D and 螖 f) to characterize the distribution of pore composition of reconstructed soil in loess area. This study can provide theoretical basis for land reclamation in open pit dump and quantitative characterization of soil porosity in loess area.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S152

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