本文選題：日光溫室 + 養(yǎng)分累積��； 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：日光溫室蔬菜種植在我國(guó)北方地區(qū)近年來(lái)發(fā)展迅速,在冬春蔬菜生產(chǎn)淡季保證正常蔬菜供應(yīng)方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。但生產(chǎn)中存在為追求高產(chǎn)而盲目過(guò)量施肥問(wèn)題,嚴(yán)重阻礙了這一產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康持續(xù)發(fā)展。近年來(lái),在北方石灰性土壤種植區(qū)頻頻出現(xiàn)溫室番茄缺鎂癥,且隨栽培年限的增加有加重的趨勢(shì),一些研究表明,這一癥狀的出現(xiàn)與土壤養(yǎng)分過(guò)量累積尤其是鉀離子的過(guò)多積聚密不可分。因此,本研究通過(guò)調(diào)查分析不同栽培年限溫室土壤鉀、鈣、鎂的含量及其比例的變化、施用鎂肥對(duì)番茄產(chǎn)量及土壤中鉀、鈣、鎂含量的影響,以期揭示日光溫室土壤中鉀、鎂等養(yǎng)分含量及比例的變化及其與番茄生長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系,為石灰性土壤缺鎂作物的合理施肥提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。通過(guò)研究得到了以下主要結(jié)論:(1)通過(guò)對(duì)蔬菜主要產(chǎn)區(qū)-陜西省涇陽(yáng)縣云陽(yáng)鎮(zhèn)70座日光溫室施肥情況的調(diào)查及對(duì)30座溫室土壤樣品的測(cè)定分析,結(jié)果表明:不同溫室間施肥量差異很大,一季作物的氮、磷、鉀化肥養(yǎng)分的投入平均為651 kg N/hm2、485 kg P2O5/hm2和855 kg K2O/hm2,養(yǎng)分投入量明顯偏高;溫室土壤耕層速效養(yǎng)分與種植年限存在正相關(guān)性,水溶性養(yǎng)分隨栽培年限的增加而增加,水溶性K/Mg隨種植年限的增加而增加,Ca/K隨種植年限的增加而降低,離子間比例失衡問(wèn)題突出。(2)以楊凌大寨設(shè)施栽培基地的7座日光溫室為研究對(duì)象,進(jìn)行了增施鎂肥試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明:土壤鉀素含量始終保持在較高水平,增施鎂肥后,增加了土壤交換性和水溶性鎂的含量。隨著番茄生育期的推后,土壤鎂含量和交換性鎂飽和度隨著鎂用量的增加有增加的趨勢(shì)。番茄產(chǎn)量與土壤鎂含量可以用二次曲線擬合,與土壤鉀含量呈線性負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。土壤的K/Mg比例均大于0.4,存在鉀離子抑制鎂離子吸收的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn),由于土壤鉀含量過(guò)高,單施鎂肥后難以有效矯正土壤陽(yáng)離子的比例。(3)通過(guò)設(shè)置K、Mg兩個(gè)因素,每個(gè)因素3水平的盆栽試驗(yàn),研究了不同鉀、鎂用量對(duì)番茄生長(zhǎng)、養(yǎng)分吸收及土壤養(yǎng)分的影響。結(jié)果表明:鉀鎂配施增加了番茄植株的干物質(zhì)量,高鉀用量降低了番茄的株高和莖粗。隨鉀用量的增加,番茄植株各部的鉀濃度增加,而各部分的鎂含量有降低的趨勢(shì),尤其降低了果實(shí)和葉片中的鎂濃度,同時(shí)高鉀水平下的番茄產(chǎn)量顯著的低于低鉀水平。土壤交換性鉀、鎂含量都隨鉀、鎂施用量的增加而增加,K/Mg比值在高鉀水平(K2)時(shí)比不施鉀(K0)高出20.7%。
[Abstract]:Vegetable cultivation in solar greenhouse has developed rapidly in the north of China in recent years. It plays an important role in the production of vegetables in winter and spring to ensure the normal vegetable supply. However, the problem of blind excessive fertilization in order to pursue high yield in production seriously hinders the healthy and sustainable development of this industry. In recent years, in the calcareous soil growing area of northern China, tomato magnesium deficiency in greenhouse has been frequently appeared, and it has an aggravating trend with the increase of cultivation years. Some studies have shown that, The occurrence of this symptom is closely related to the excessive accumulation of soil nutrients, especially the excessive accumulation of potassium ions. Therefore, by investigating and analyzing the changes of potassium, calcium and magnesium contents and their proportions in greenhouse soils with different cultivation years, the effects of applying magnesium fertilizer on tomato yield and potassium, calcium and magnesium contents in soil were studied in order to reveal the potassium content in greenhouse soil. The change of magnesium content and proportion and its relationship with tomato growth provide scientific basis for rational fertilization of magnesium deficient crops in calcareous soil. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the investigation of fertilization in 70 solar greenhouses in Yunyang Town, Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province, and the determination and analysis of 30 greenhouse soil samples were carried out. The results showed that there was a great difference in fertilization amount among different greenhouses. The average input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was 651 kg N / hm ~ (2) N / m ~ (2485) kg P _ 2O _ 5 / hm ~ (2) and 855 kg K _ 2O _ (2) / hm ~ (2). There was a positive correlation between soil available nutrients and planting years in greenhouse soil, water soluble nutrients increased with the increase of cultivation years, and water soluble K / mg increased with the increase of planting years, and decreased with the increase of planting years. The imbalance of the ratio between ions is very serious. (2) the experiment of increasing magnesium fertilizer was carried out in 7 solar greenhouses in Yang Ling Dazhai facility cultivation base. The results showed that the content of potassium in soil remained at a high level, and the content of soil exchangeable and water-soluble magnesium increased with the application of magnesium fertilizer. With the development of tomato, the content of magnesium and the saturation of exchangeable magnesium increased with the increase of the amount of magnesium. Tomato yield and soil magnesium content can be fitted by quadratic curve, and there is a linear negative correlation between tomato yield and soil potassium content. The K / mg ratio of soil is greater than 0.4, and there is a potential risk that potassium ion can inhibit the absorption of magnesium ion. Because of the high potassium content in soil, it is difficult to correct the ratio of cations in soil after applying magnesium fertilizer alone. (3) two factors, K ~ (+) mg and K _ (+) mg, can not be effectively corrected by applying magnesium fertilizer alone. The effects of different potassium and magnesium levels on tomato growth, nutrient uptake and soil nutrients were studied in pot experiments at each factor 3 level. The results showed that the application of potassium and magnesium increased the dry matter quality of tomato plant, and decreased the plant height and stem diameter of tomato with high potassium application rate. With the increase of potassium application, the potassium concentration in all parts of tomato plants increased, but the magnesium content in different parts decreased, especially in fruits and leaves, and the yield of tomato at high potassium level was significantly lower than that at low potassium level. The content of exchangeable potassium and magnesium in soil increased with the increase of potassium and magnesium application rate, and the ratio of K / mg increased 20.7% at high K _ 2 level (K _ 2) than that without K _ 0 application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S158

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本文編號(hào)：2091580