本文選題：微晶化磷礦粉 + 土壤類(lèi)型　； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：磷素是植物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素之一,它參與了植物體內(nèi)的多種生長(zhǎng)代謝過(guò)程,在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中的地位舉足輕重。隨著近年來(lái)農(nóng)業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,磷肥用量逐年增加,而我國(guó)磷礦資源總量豐富但大多為中低品位磷礦。因此開(kāi)發(fā)中低品位磷礦并且提高其肥效利用率成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急。磷礦粉作為一種中低品位磷肥近年來(lái)受到普遍關(guān)注,其在土壤上的直接施用也得到了廣泛推廣;為了進(jìn)一步提高其磷素釋放率,研究者們研究出了超微細(xì)技術(shù)使其粒徑達(dá)到微米粒級(jí)。本文采用盆栽試驗(yàn),通過(guò)種植油菜和黑麥草,系統(tǒng)的研究了微晶化磷礦粉在紅壤、棕壤、潮土、褐土以及水稻土五種常見(jiàn)類(lèi)型土壤上對(duì)土壤肥力及作物的生長(zhǎng)生理指標(biāo)的影響,以期為微晶化磷礦粉的合理施用提供科學(xué)的理論依據(jù);同時(shí)種植被廣泛推廣用作的牧草和綠肥的黑麥草,在一定程度上為其合理施磷肥提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.通過(guò)超微細(xì)技術(shù)所制得的微晶化磷礦粉90%的粒徑在5.27μm以?xún)?nèi),比普通磷礦粉粒徑(0.15mm)顯著減小。普通磷礦中的磷大多為非水溶性磷,但普通磷礦粉經(jīng)超微細(xì)技術(shù)加工后,用2%的檸檬酸連續(xù)浸提六次均有磷溶出。與重過(guò)磷酸鈣相比,微晶化磷礦粉的磷釋放較緩,說(shuō)明微晶化磷礦粉具有較強(qiáng)的后效。這種緩慢溶出磷的特性使得其在一次大量施入時(shí)不會(huì)對(duì)作物造成危害,反而可以作為一種理想的長(zhǎng)效緩釋磷肥,適宜施用于坡地、防風(fēng)護(hù)沙地及免耕地。2.微晶化磷礦粉能顯著提高土壤中速效磷含量,不同土壤相同處理間以棕壤中速效磷含量最高,其次是褐土,潮土最低;在紅壤、棕壤和水稻土偏酸性土壤上速效磷釋放量?jī)?yōu)于褐土和潮土偏堿性土壤。在紅壤上,各處理上土壤速效磷含量的高低順序?yàn)镠N2HN3SPHN1CK,HN2處理微晶化磷礦粉的磷釋放量最高,顯著高于其他處理,等總價(jià)的HN3處理顯著高于SP處理;棕壤和水稻土上,各處理上土壤速效磷含量的高低順序?yàn)镠N2HN3SPHN1CK,HN3處理與SP處理間差異不顯著;褐土和潮土上,各處理上土壤速效磷含量的高低順序?yàn)镠N2SPHN3HN1CK,HN3處理與SP處理間差異不顯著。3.不同的施磷肥處理對(duì)油菜的生長(zhǎng)和品質(zhì)以及氮代謝等的影響不同。油菜苗期的葉長(zhǎng)、葉寬、干重和油菜葉片葉綠素含量以及VC含量在不同類(lèi)型土壤上不同處理間也不同,在五種土壤上各處理都顯著高于對(duì)照處理,HN2處理的效果最佳,均顯著高于其他處理,在紅壤和水稻土上,hn3處理顯著高于sp處理,在褐土、棕壤和潮土上,等總價(jià)的hn3處理與sp處理的效果差異不顯著;受不同處理的不同類(lèi)型土壤中磷素含量的影響,油菜的全氮含量和氮代謝也隨之不同,在棕壤上的全氮含量最高,氮代謝最強(qiáng),微晶化磷礦粉處理在紅壤、棕壤和水稻土上的效果較褐土和潮土好。4.在五種不同類(lèi)型土壤中,微晶化磷礦粉能較對(duì)照顯著提高油菜的全磷含量和磷吸收量。棕壤和水稻土中,hn2處理油菜全磷含量最高,等總價(jià)格條件下,棕壤和水稻土中hn3處理與sp處理間差異不顯著,各處理的增幅順序?yàn)閔n2處理hn3處理sp處理hn1處理對(duì)照處理;油菜地上部和地下部的磷吸收量也較對(duì)照顯著提高;褐土和潮土中,hn2處理效果最佳,其次是sp處理和hn3處理處理間差異不顯著,各處理油菜地上部和地下部磷吸收量也較對(duì)照處理顯著提高;紅壤中,hn2處理效果最優(yōu),其次是hn3處理和hn1處理且兩處理間差異不顯著,油菜地上部和地下部磷吸收量以hn2處理最顯著,各處理都比對(duì)照有所提高。5.在黑麥草的生長(zhǎng)期和收獲后共取三次土樣,不同類(lèi)型土壤上不同處理的土壤中的全磷和速效磷含量不同。棕壤和褐土的初土中的磷含量較高,微晶化磷礦粉處理和重過(guò)磷酸鈣處理的差異性不顯著,三次取土都以sp處理的土壤中磷含量最高;在紅壤、水稻土和潮土中,初土的磷含量較低,施入不同處理的磷肥后土壤中的磷含量隨取土的時(shí)期不同,含量也不同,在第一次和第二次取土?xí)r,各處理以sp處理土壤的全磷和速效磷含量高,第三次取土的土壤中的磷含量以hn2處理最高,且在紅壤上hn2處理顯著高于sp處理,說(shuō)明微晶化磷礦粉有較好的后效且在酸性土壤上磷的溶出量更大。6.在85天刈割時(shí)黑麥草的株高和分蘗數(shù)、鮮重和干重、粗蛋白和粗纖維含量達(dá)到最大;各施肥均能提高黑麥草地上部葉綠素的含量,不同土壤上各施肥處理中以sp處理效果最佳,其次是hn2處理,紅壤、棕壤和潮土上,sp處理與hn2處理間差異不顯著,褐土和水稻土上sp處理優(yōu)于hn2處理且兩處理間差異顯著,各土壤中hn2處理顯著優(yōu)于hn1處理;不同類(lèi)型土壤上不同處理的微晶化磷礦粉全磷含量不同,紅壤、棕壤、水稻土和潮土上,三次刈割sp處理最佳,在85天刈割時(shí)各處理的黑麥草的全磷含量最高,在185天刈割時(shí)hn2處理的黑麥草的全磷含量增幅最大,褐土上,三次刈割SP處理顯著優(yōu)于其他處理,比對(duì)照處理的黑麥草的磷含量的增幅最大。7.黑麥草的鈣含量在褐土和棕壤上含量較高,在紅壤和潮土上的含量較低,紅壤上HN2處理的黑麥草的鈣含量最高,其他四種土壤上黑麥草的鈣含量的高低順序?yàn)镾P處理HN2處理HN1處理CK;黑麥草的鎂含量在五種土壤上的含量差異較小,大體在320~484mg/kg之間,潮土和褐土上,SP處理黑麥草的鎂含量最高,紅壤、棕壤和水稻土上,HN2處理黑麥草的鎂含量最高;黑麥草的鐵含量在紅壤上含量最高,SP處理的含量達(dá)到345.19mg/kg,在褐土和水稻土的各處理上黑麥草鐵的含量差異不顯著,但都高于對(duì)照處理,在棕壤和潮土上,HN2處理高于其他處理,但與SP處理間差異不顯著;黑麥草的鋅含量在潮土上最低,在褐土、棕壤、紅壤上,SP處理的鋅含量顯著高于其他處理,在水稻土上,HN2處理鋅含量顯著高于其他處理。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrient elements for plant growth and development. It participates in a variety of growth and metabolic processes in plants and plays an important role in agricultural production. With the rapid development of agriculture in recent years, the amount of phosphate fertilizer has increased year by year, but the total amount of phosphate mineral resources in China is abundant but most of them are low grade phosphate ores. Therefore, the middle and low grade is developed. Phosphate ore and improving the efficiency of its fertilizer efficiency have become the top priority. Phosphate rock, as a medium and low grade phosphate fertilizer, has received widespread attention in recent years, and its direct application on soil has been widely popularized. In order to further improve its phosphorus release rate, researchers have studied ultramicro technology to make its particle size to micron size. By planting rape and ryegrass, the effects of microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder on soil fertility and Growth Physiological Indexes of five common soil types in red soil, brown soil, tidal soil, cinnamon soil and paddy soil were systematically studied in order to provide scientific theoretical basis for the rational application of microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder. The main results are as follows: 1. the size of microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder (90%) obtained by ultramicro technology is less than 5.27 mu m, which is less than that of ordinary phosphate rock (0.15mm). Most of the phosphorus in the common phosphate rock is non water-soluble. Phosphorus, but ordinary phosphorite powder is processed by ultrafine technology, leaching with 2% citric acid continuously for six times. Compared with heavy superphosphate, phosphorus release from microcrystalline phosphate mineral powder is slow, indicating that microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder has strong aftereffect. This slow release of phosphorus makes it not harmful to crops when a large amount of phosphorus is dissolved in a large amount. On the contrary, it can be used as an ideal long-term sustained release phosphate fertilizer, which is suitable for applying to slope land, windproof and protecting sand land and.2. microcrystalline phosphorus mineral powder, which can significantly increase the content of available phosphorus in soil. The same treatment between different soils is the highest content of available phosphorus in brown soil, followed by brown soil, and the lowest in tidal soil; in red soil, brown soil and paddy soil The release of available phosphorus is better than that of soil and alkaline soil. In red soil, the content of available phosphorus in soil is HN2HN3SPHN1CK, and the release of phosphorus from microcrystalline phosphate is highest in HN2 treatment, which is significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the HN3 treatment of total price is significantly higher than that in SP; brown soil and paddy soil are treated with soil available phosphorus. The order of content was HN2HN3SPHN1CK, and there was no significant difference between HN3 treatment and SP treatment. The order of soil available phosphorus in soil and soil was HN2SPHN3HN1CK, and the difference of the difference between HN3 treatment and SP treatment was not significant to the growth and quality of rape and nitrogen metabolism. Leaf length, leaf width, dry weight and chlorophyll content of rape leaves and VC content were also different between different treatments on different types of soil. All treatments on five kinds of soil were significantly higher than those of control. HN2 treatment was the best and significantly higher than other treatments. In red soil and paddy soil, HN3 treatment was significantly higher than that of SP treatment, in brown soil, brown soil and in brown soil. On the tidal soil, the difference between the total value of HN3 treatment and the SP treatment was not significant. The total nitrogen content and nitrogen metabolism of the rape were different, the total nitrogen content and nitrogen metabolism on the brown soil were the highest and the nitrogen metabolism was the strongest in the brown soil. The effect of microcrystalline phosphate rock on red soil, brown soil and paddy soil was more than brown. Soil and tidal soil good.4. in five different types of soil, microcrystalline phosphorus mineral powder can significantly increase the total phosphorus content and phosphorus absorption of rapeseed. In brown soil and paddy soil, HN2 treatment of rape total phosphorus content is the highest. Under the total price conditions, the difference between HN3 treatment and SP treatment in Brown soil and paddy soil is not significant, the order of the growth of each treatment is HN2. HN3 treatment with SP treatment HN1 treatment control treatment, the phosphorus absorption in the upper and underground parts of the rapeseed was also significantly improved; in the brown soil and the tidal soil, the HN2 treatment was the best, followed by the SP treatment and the HN3 treatment, the difference was not significant, and the phosphorus absorption in the upper and underground parts of the rapeseed was significantly higher than that in the control. In the red soil, HN2 The results were the best, followed by HN3 treatment and HN1 treatment and the difference between the two treatments was not significant. The phosphorus absorption in the upper and underground parts of the rapeseed was the most significant with HN2 treatment. Each treatment was better than the control. The total phosphorus and the available phosphorus contained three times in the growth period and after the harvest of the ryegrass, and the total phosphorus and the available phosphorus in different soils on different types of soil were contained. The amount of phosphorus in the initial soil of brown soil and cinnamon soil is higher, and the difference between the treatment of microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder and the treatment of heavy calcium superphosphate is not significant. The phosphorus content in the soil treated with SP is the highest. In the red soil, the paddy soil and the tidal soil, the phosphorus content of the initial soil is low, and the phosphorus content in the soil after the application of the different treated phosphate fertilizer is taken with the soil. In the first and second times, the content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the soil treated with SP was high, and the content of phosphorus in the third soils was the highest, and the HN2 treatment in the red soil was significantly higher than that of the SP treatment. It showed that the microcrystalline phosphate rock powder had better aftereffect and the solution in the acid soil. In the 85 day cutting, the plant height and the number of tillers, fresh weight and dry weight, the content of crude protein and coarse fiber reached the maximum in the 85 days cutting, and the content of chlorophyll in the upper part of rye grass could be improved. The best treatment effect was SP in different soil fertilization treatments, followed by HN2 treatment, red soil, brown soil and tidal soil, SP treatment and HN2 treatment. There was no significant difference between the SP treatment and the two treatments in the soil and the soil of the paddy soil. The HN2 treatment in the soil was significantly better than the HN1 treatment. The total phosphorus content of the microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder on different soils was different, and the best treatment for the three mowing SP treatments was on the red soil, brown soil, paddy soil and the tidal soil, and the treatments were treated at 85 days after cutting. The total phosphorus content of ryegrass was the highest, and the total phosphorus content of ryegrass was the greatest increase in the 185 day mowing. On the brown soil, the three mowing of mowing was significantly better than the other treatments. The maximum increase of phosphorus content in the ryegrass was higher than that of the control treated ryegrass. The content of calcium content in the ryegrass was higher in the brown soil and the brown soil, and the content in the red soil and the tidal soil was more than that of the control. The content of HN2 was higher than that of the control. The calcium content of ryegrass was the highest on red soil with HN2 treatment. The order of calcium content of ryegrass on the other four soils was SP treatment HN2 treatment HN1 treatment CK, and the content of magnesium content in ryegrass was small in five soils. The content of magnesium in the soil and brown soil was the highest in 320~484mg/kg, in the soil and in the brown soil, and in the red soil and brown soil. On the paddy soil, HN2 has the highest magnesium content in ryegrass, the content of iron in ryegrass is the highest in red soil, and the content of SP treatment is 345.19mg/kg. The difference of iron content in ryegrass is not significant in the treatment of brown soil and paddy soil, but it is higher than that of control. In brown soil and tidal soil, HN2 treatment is higher than that of other treatments, but with SP treatment. The zinc content of ryegrass is the lowest in the tidal soil. In the brown soil, brown soil and red soil, the content of zinc treated by SP is significantly higher than that of other treatments. In paddy soil, the content of zinc in HN2 treatment is significantly higher than that of other treatments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S143

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本文編號(hào)：2091571