本文選題：黃河源區(qū) + 河漫灘濕地　； 參考：《青海大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：分析和研究黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地演替過程土壤和植被變化特征,探討黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地退化的氣候背景,這對于研究黃河源區(qū)濕地的演化具有指導意義。本研究從黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地地理地形指標、土壤指標和植物群落指標出發(fā),分析和研究黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地退化演替過程中土壤和植被變化特征,并從與黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地水分密切相關(guān)的氣溫、降水、蒸發(fā)量、日照、地溫等氣象因子出發(fā),分析影響黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地變化的氣候原因。通過對黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地退化演替中植被特征的變化劃分為未退化、輕度退化、中度退化、重度退化和極度退化5個階段,依次命名為階段1、階段2、階段3、階段4和階段5。主要研究結(jié)果及結(jié)論如下:(1)黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地土壤偏堿性;同一地區(qū)隨著土層的加深,草土比逐漸減小,在0~7.5cm土層中草土比最大;其土壤均砂土類;土壤含水量隨著土層的加深而減少。(2)黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地主要養(yǎng)分在垂直方向上都表現(xiàn)出上層高于下層的規(guī)律,土壤有機質(zhì)和全氮隨著濕地退化演替都呈現(xiàn)了逐漸減少的規(guī)律,這說明了隨著河漫灘濕地退化的演替,土壤的肥力在下降。多重比較的結(jié)果,全N、全K2O和有機質(zhì),在演替階段5與階段1、階段2、階段3和階段4之間差異顯著(P0.05),階段1、階段2、階段3和階段4之間差異不顯著;堿解N在演替階段2與階段5之間差異顯著(P0.05),階段1、階段3和階段4之間差異不顯著;全P2O5、速效P和速效K在河漫灘濕地退化演替過程中差異雖未達到顯著水平,但隨著演替進展,速效P是呈現(xiàn)出減少趨勢,全P2O5和速效K呈現(xiàn)出增加趨勢。(3)在不同深度的土層中,微生物(細菌、放線菌和真菌)分布的差異性不顯著,細菌數(shù)量隨著深度的增加呈遞減趨勢,其原因在于植物根部在0~7.5cm的表土層分布較為集中,為細菌提供了適宜的生存環(huán)境,從而形成表層大于下層的分布特征。黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地退化過程中隨著演替加劇,土壤含水量減少。演替階段1、階段2和階段3之間差異不顯著;階段1、階段2和階段3與階段4和階段5之間差異顯著(P0.05)。(4)從整個演替過程來看,在演替初期,黃河源區(qū)河漫灘濕地以藏嵩草為主,隨著演替的進行,藏嵩草的重要值逐漸降低,雜草和毒草的重要值逐漸增加,并在河漫灘濕地中占有一定的位置,物種多樣性增加,群落的結(jié)構(gòu)趨向復(fù)雜,豐富度越來越大。(5)對濕地水分平衡主要產(chǎn)生不利的影響的氣象因子多,而產(chǎn)生有利影響的氣象因子較少。產(chǎn)生較大不利影響的氣象因子為:年平均氣溫的升高、年平均地溫差的升高、年日照時數(shù)的增加及蒸發(fā)量的減少。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes and studies the characteristics of soil and vegetation change in succession process of floodplain wetland in the source area of the Yellow River, and discusses the climatic background of wetland degradation in the source area of Yellow River, which is of guiding significance for studying the evolution of wetland in the source area of the Yellow River. Based on the geographical landform index, soil index and plant community index of the floodplain wetland in the source area of the Yellow River, the characteristics of soil and vegetation changes during the succession of the floodplain wetland in the source region of the Yellow River were analyzed and studied. Based on the meteorological factors, such as temperature, precipitation, evaporation, sunshine and ground temperature, which are closely related to the water content of the floodplain wetland in the source area of the Yellow River, the climatic reasons affecting the changes of the wetland in the source area of the Yellow River are analyzed. The vegetation characteristics in the succession of floodplain wetlands in the source region of the Yellow River were divided into five stages: undegraded, mild degraded, moderate degraded, severe degraded and extreme degraded, which were named as stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4 and stage 5. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) the soil of the floodplain wetland in the source region of the Yellow River is alkaline, the ratio of grass to soil decreases gradually with the deepening of soil layer in the same area, and the ratio of grass to soil is the largest in the 0~7.5cm soil layer. The soil moisture content decreases with the deepening of soil layer. (2) the main nutrients of the floodplain wetland in the source area of the Yellow River show the rule that the upper layer is higher than the lower layer in the vertical direction, and the soil organic matter and total nitrogen gradually decrease with the succession of wetland degradation. This shows that soil fertility is decreasing with the succession of floodplain wetland degradation. The results of multiple comparisons showed that there were significant differences between stage 5 and stage 1, stage 2, stage 3 and stage 4 (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between stage 1, stage 2, stage 3 and stage 4 in succession stage 5, total K2O and organic matter. There was no significant difference between stage 1, stage 3 and stage 4 between stage 2 and stage 5 (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in total P 2O 5, available P and K between stage 2 and stage 5 in succession of floodplain wetland, but there was no significant difference in total P 2O 5, available P and K during the succession of floodplain wetlands. But with the development of succession, available P showed a decreasing trend, while total P _ 2O _ 5 and available K showed an increasing trend. (3) the distribution of microbes (bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi) was not significant in different depth soil layers. The number of bacteria decreased with the increase of depth. The reason is that the distribution of plant roots in the surface soil layer of 0~7.5cm is relatively concentrated, which provides a suitable living environment for bacteria, thus forming the distribution characteristics of the surface layer larger than the lower layer. Soil water content decreases with the succession of floodplain wetlands in the source region of the Yellow River. There was no significant difference between stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3, and between stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3, stage 4 and stage 5 (P0.05). (4). Along with the succession, the important value of Kobresia humilis decreased gradually, the important value of weeds and poisonous grass increased gradually, and occupied a certain position in the floodplain wetland, the species diversity increased, and the community structure tended to be complex. (5) there are more and more meteorological factors which have adverse effects on wetland water balance, but few weather factors have favorable effects on wetland water balance. The meteorological factors which have great adverse effects are the increase of annual mean temperature, the increase of annual average ground temperature difference, the increase of annual sunshine hours and the decrease of evaporation.
【學位授予單位】：青海大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：Q948;S151.9

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