本文選題：土壤養(yǎng)分 + 空間格局�。� 參考：《山西農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤是歷史的自然體,是基本的生產資料和人類勞動的產物。土地資源是進行農業(yè)生產的最基本的物質條件,也是人類生存和發(fā)展的重要的物質基礎。耕地資源的缺乏,尤其是人均耕地面積的不足,使得怎樣才能在寶貴的耕作土地上產出更高的產量,更高效的利用耕地資源成為當前急需解決的關乎民生的重要問題。因此對當前土壤各養(yǎng)分的空間變化特征及其分布概況進行深入研究,將有利于科學合理的指導種植、施肥、灌溉等,從而促進精準農業(yè)的發(fā)展。本研究首先通過傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計學方法對山西全省以及各行政區(qū)的五種耕地土壤養(yǎng)分基礎數(shù)據(jù)進行基本的分析,了解這幾種土壤養(yǎng)分各自含量的變異程度,以及均值大小情況,接著進一步用地統(tǒng)計方法和地理信息技術的手段對山西省耕地土壤有機質、全氮、有效磷、速效鉀和pH的空間變異結構和空間格局分布進行了探究,用最優(yōu)擬合模型對五種養(yǎng)分點數(shù)據(jù)進行了克里金插值,繪制了五種土壤養(yǎng)分空間分布格局圖并進行分析。在對五種養(yǎng)分分別研究的基礎上結合主成分分析法、地統(tǒng)計方法和GIS技術手段對山西土壤養(yǎng)分綜合狀況進行了進一步的研究。最后探討了了不同地貌類型以及不同土壤類型上各種土壤養(yǎng)分含量情況,對不同土壤以及不同地貌上的養(yǎng)分信息進行了分析。研究結果顯示,山西省耕地土壤有機質、全氮、有效磷、速效鉀含量值均表現(xiàn)出中等程度變異,pH為弱變異；除pH具有強烈的空間自相關性,有效磷具有弱的空間自相關性外,其他幾種養(yǎng)分均具有中等程度的空間自相關性。有機質、全氮、速效鉀、有效磷以及土壤養(yǎng)分綜合狀況含量空間分布格局呈現(xiàn)西北低,東南高的格局,而pH則相反,此結果與pH和其他養(yǎng)分呈強的負相關性的研究一致。不同養(yǎng)分在不同的地貌類型和土壤類型下表現(xiàn)出不同的顯著性,其中河漫灘養(yǎng)分含量顯著高于其他地貌,丘陵則表現(xiàn)性最差,褐土、棕壤、潮土在不同土壤下顯著性較高,而黃綿土則表現(xiàn)出較低的顯著性。
[Abstract]:Soil is the natural body of history, the basic means of production and the product of human labor. Land resource is the most basic material condition for agricultural production, and it is also an important material basis for human survival and development. The lack of cultivated land resources, especially the lack of cultivated land area per capita, makes how to produce higher yield on the valuable cultivated land, more efficient use of cultivated land resources has become an urgent need to solve the important issues related to people's livelihood. Therefore, in-depth study on the spatial variation and distribution of soil nutrients will be beneficial to the scientific and reasonable guidance of planting, fertilization, irrigation and so on, thus promoting the development of precision agriculture. In this study, the basic data of five kinds of cultivated land soil nutrients in Shanxi province and each administrative region were analyzed by traditional statistical method, and the variation degree and the mean value of the soil nutrient contents of the five kinds of cultivated land were analyzed. Then the spatial variation structure and spatial pattern distribution of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH of cultivated land in Shanxi Province were studied by means of land use statistics and geographic information technology. The Kriging interpolation of five nutrient points was carried out by using the optimal fitting model, and the spatial distribution pattern of five kinds of soil nutrients was plotted and analyzed. Based on the study of five kinds of nutrients, combined with principal component analysis (PCA), geostatistics and GIS techniques, the comprehensive status of soil nutrients in Shanxi Province was further studied. Finally, the nutrient contents of different soils in different geomorphological types and different soil types were discussed, and the nutrient information of different soils and different landforms were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in cultivated soil of Shanxi Province showed moderate variation and weak variation in pH, except for strong spatial autocorrelation of pH and weak spatial autocorrelation of available phosphorus. Other nutrients have moderate spatial autocorrelation. The spatial distribution pattern of organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and soil nutrients was lower in northwest and higher in southeast, but the pH was opposite. The results were consistent with the study of strong negative correlation between pH and other nutrients. The nutrient content of the floodplain was significantly higher than that of the other landforms, while that of the hills was the worst, and that of the cinnamon soil, brown soil and tidal soil was higher than that of the other topsoil, and the nutrient content of the floodplain was significantly higher than that of the other landforms under different geomorphological types and soil types. Yellow spongy soil showed lower significance.
【學位授予單位】：山西農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S158

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