本文選題：葉片性狀 + 功能多樣性��； 參考：《云南大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：了解區(qū)域環(huán)境因子對植物的影響,同時對人工構(gòu)建群落的功能進行測度是功能性植被恢復(fù)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。植物性狀作為聯(lián)系環(huán)境因子-群落特征-群落結(jié)構(gòu)和功能間關(guān)系的重要橋梁,能對土壤因子的變化做出響應(yīng),進而作用群落的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能。然而,植物性狀對地質(zhì)性貧磷及富磷土壤做出何種響應(yīng),以及這種響應(yīng)在多大程度上影響了群落的功能尚未有明確的結(jié)論。本研究針對這一問題,選擇氣候條件較為相似而土壤磷含量具有極大差異的滇中颯馬場小流域及柴河小流域典型群落為研究對象,系統(tǒng)比較兩個研究區(qū)內(nèi)植物及群落葉片性狀,并通過植物磷響應(yīng)性狀集的甄選,響應(yīng)性狀集對群落功能多樣性的貢獻,以及磷響應(yīng)性狀集中對群落抗土壤侵蝕能力及土壤養(yǎng)分流失的水土保持功能的貢獻進行分析,探討土壤磷因子-植物性狀多樣性-群落結(jié)構(gòu)與功能間關(guān)系,為滇中貧磷、富磷相關(guān)區(qū)域水土保持及面源污染防控功能型植被恢復(fù)與構(gòu)建提供理論支撐。相關(guān)研究結(jié)論如下：(1)颯馬場貧磷區(qū)與柴河富磷區(qū)在氣候等環(huán)境條件上具有相似性,而土壤養(yǎng)分特征及典型群落的物種多樣性具有較大差異,其中柴河富磷區(qū)典型群落土壤磷含量大于2.0g/kg,顯著大于颯馬場貧磷區(qū)(0.2g/kg)。土壤磷含量以全磷或有效磷的形式深刻影響了颯馬場貧磷區(qū)及柴河富磷區(qū)典型群落物種的組成和分布,是影響物種及群落特征的重要參數(shù)之一。(2)颯馬場貧磷區(qū)及柴河富磷區(qū)10個典型群落55個物種12個葉片性狀的的葉干物質(zhì)含量、片厚度等性狀均有不同程度的顯著差異。采用YNCASC遞歸算法對貧磷區(qū)及富磷區(qū)植物的土壤磷素響應(yīng)性狀進行甄選,結(jié)果顯示：葉片飽和含水量(LWC)+葉片厚度(LT)+單位質(zhì)量葉磷含量(P-mass)+葉片氮磷比(N/P)+葉片磷鉀比(P/K)五個功能性狀組成颯馬場貧磷區(qū)葉片性狀對土壤P含量響應(yīng)的最優(yōu)性狀集；同時,葉片厚度(LT)+單位質(zhì)量葉氮含量(N-mass)+單位質(zhì)量葉磷含量(P-mass)+單位質(zhì)量葉鉀含量(K-mass)4個功能性狀組成柴河富磷區(qū)葉片性狀對土壤P含量響應(yīng)的最優(yōu)性狀集。其中兩地植物葉片厚度及單位質(zhì)量葉磷含量均對土壤磷含量產(chǎn)生響應(yīng)。(3)土壤磷差異導(dǎo)致兩地物種不同的適應(yīng)策略,貧/富磷區(qū)群落均對土壤磷產(chǎn)生響應(yīng),表現(xiàn)出對土壤磷“低磷限制,高磷脅迫”的特征。富磷導(dǎo)致植物葉片及冠層具有高的LA, LT, SLA, LWC, N-mass, K-mass和低的LMA, LDWC,趨向于“高生產(chǎn),高消耗,快速周轉(zhuǎn)”策略。(4)颯馬場貧磷區(qū)及柴河富磷區(qū)群落植物葉片性狀多樣性與群落水土保持功能間具有緊密關(guān)聯(lián)。冠層特征對群落水土保持功能具有明顯調(diào)節(jié)作用；冠層功能分異度指數(shù)對群落地表徑流、土壤侵蝕及氮磷流失具有負效應(yīng)；同時冠層功能均勻度的增加有利于群落抗土壤侵蝕能力的增加。(5)在貧磷區(qū)和富磷區(qū),磷響應(yīng)性狀的多樣性對群落功能豐富度及分異度的解釋率可達60%以上；磷響應(yīng)性狀集對貧磷區(qū)群落地表徑流、土壤侵蝕及氮磷輸出的直接解釋率高于34.6%,對富磷區(qū)群落磷輸出的直接解釋率高達91.8%,但磷響應(yīng)性狀集對富磷區(qū)地表徑流、土壤侵蝕的測度極為低效。提示土壤磷對貧磷區(qū)植物群落水土保持功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用較富磷區(qū)更為顯著。綜合以上結(jié)論：受到土壤磷素差異的影響,貧磷區(qū)及富磷區(qū)植物、以及他們組成的群落在功能性狀特征、群落功能多樣性、群落水土保持功能三方面均發(fā)生了不同程度的變化；貧磷區(qū)及富磷區(qū)土壤磷含量差異對群落物種分布的影響,以及植物物種葉片性狀對土壤磷含量差異的響應(yīng),共同作用導(dǎo)致群落林冠特征的差異,進而影響群落水土保持及氮磷輸出功能。同時,貧磷區(qū)植物群落對土壤磷素的響應(yīng)及對群落水土保持功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用較富磷區(qū)更為顯著,表明土壤磷素的極大差異會導(dǎo)致群落或物種適應(yīng)策略發(fā)生改變,進而可能導(dǎo)致群落功能發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移或變換；另一方面,富磷區(qū)植物傾向于擁有更短的葉片壽命和更低的干物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)能力,葉片較快的養(yǎng)分周轉(zhuǎn)速率而相對低效的徑流控能力導(dǎo)致更多的氮磷養(yǎng)分進入地表徑流,建議在富磷區(qū)進行水土保持功能群落構(gòu)建的過程中,選擇相對代謝速率較低的滇油杉及水土保持功能較好的旱冬瓜等多種物種,同時提高群落的功能豐富度及分異度,進而提高群落高磷耐受能力,改善群落水土保持功能。
[Abstract]:To understand the effects of regional environmental factors on plants and to measure the function of artificial communities is the key link in functional vegetation restoration. As an important bridge linking environmental factors, community characteristics, community structure and functional relationships, plant traits can respond to the change of soil factors, and then the structure of the community and the structure of the community. However, the response of plant traits to geological poor phosphorus and phosphorus rich soils and the extent to which this response has affected the function of the community has not yet been clearly concluded. The typical community is the research object. The plant and community leaf traits in the two research areas are systematically compared, and the contribution of the response traits to the functional diversity of the community, as well as the contribution of the phosphorus response traits to the soil erosion ability and the soil nutrient loss of the soil by the selection of the plant phosphorus response character collection are systematically compared. The relationship between soil phosphorus factor and plant character diversity - the relationship between community structure and function is discussed. The theoretical support is provided for the restoration and construction of poor phosphorus, soil and water conservation and non-point source pollution prevention and control functional vegetation in Central Yunnan. The following conclusions are as follows: (1) there is a phase in the climate and other environmental conditions of the phosphorous and phosphorus rich areas of the sayma field and the Chai River. The characteristics of soil nutrients and the species diversity of typical communities have great differences. Among them, the phosphorus content in the typical community of the phosphorus rich area of the Qaidam river is greater than that of 2.0g/kg, which is significantly greater than that of the poor phosphorus area of the SA horse field (0.2g/kg). The soil phosphorus content in the form of total phosphorus or available phosphorus deeply affects the typical community species in the phosphorus poor area and the phosphorus rich area of the Chai River. Composition and distribution are one of the important parameters affecting the characteristics of species and community. (2) there are significant differences in leaf dry matter content, slice thickness and other traits of 12 leaf traits of 55 species of 10 typical communities in the poor phosphorus area of SA Ma field and 10 typical communities in the phosphorus rich area of Chai He river. The soil phosphorus in the poor phosphorus and phosphorus rich area plants by YNCASC recursion algorithm. The results showed that the saturated water content (LWC) + leaf thickness (LT) + per unit mass leaf phosphorus content (P-mass) + leaf nitrogen and phosphorus ratio (N/P) + leaf phosphorus and potassium ratio (P/K) five functional traits made up of the optimality sets of the soil P content of the soil, while the leaf thickness (LT) + unit mass leaf nitrogen was at the same time. The content (N-mass) + per unit mass leaf phosphorus content (P-mass) + unit mass leaf potassium content (K-mass) composed of 4 functional traits in the phosphorus rich area of Chai River was the optimal form of response to the soil P content. The leaf thickness and the unit mass leaf phosphorus content of the two plants were all responsive to the soil phosphorus content. (3) the difference of soil phosphorus resulted in two species. Different adaptation strategies, poor / phosphorus rich communities respond to soil phosphorus, showing the characteristics of soil phosphorus "low phosphorus restriction, high phosphorus stress". The phosphorus rich causes plant leaves and canopy to have high LA, LT, SLA, LWC, N-mass, K-mass and low LMA, LDWC, and tend to "high production, high consumption, fast turnover" strategy. (4) phosphorus poor in the valley There is a close relationship between the diversity of plant leaf traits and the function of soil and water conservation in the community of the region and the Chai River. The canopy feature has a clear regulation on the soil and water conservation function of the community, and the canopy functional differentiation index has a negative effect on the surface runoff, soil erosion and the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the increase of the function uniformity of the canopy. It is beneficial to increase the ability of soil erosion resistance. (5) in the poor phosphorus and phosphorus rich areas, the diversity of phosphorus response traits can explain more than 60% of the functional richness and diversity of the community, and the direct interpretation rate of phosphorus response characters to the surface runoff of the phosphorus poor community, soil erosion and the output of nitrogen and phosphorus is higher than 34.6%, and phosphorus transport in the phosphorus rich region community. The direct interpretation rate is as high as 91.8%, but the measurement of phosphorus response characteristics is extremely inefficient. It suggests that soil phosphorus is more significant in regulating soil and water conservation function of plant communities in poor phosphorus areas than in phosphorus rich areas. The community has different degree changes in three aspects of functional traits, community function diversity and community soil and water conservation, the influence of phosphorus content differences in soil poor and phosphorus rich areas on community species distribution, and the response of plant species leaf traits to soil phosphorus content differences, and the common effect leads to community forest. The difference in crown characteristics affects soil and water conservation and the function of nitrogen and phosphorus output. At the same time, the response of the plant community to soil phosphorus and the function of soil and water conservation in the community are more significant than that in the phosphorus rich region, which indicates that the great difference in soil phosphorus can lead to the change of the community or species adaptation strategy and may lead to the community. On the other hand, the plants in the phosphorus rich region tend to have shorter leaf life and lower dry matter production capacity. The relatively low efficiency of nutrient turnover and relatively low efficient flow control results in more nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients entering the surface runoff. It is suggested that the soil and water conservation community should be constructed in the phosphorus rich region. During the process, a variety of species such as the relatively low relative metabolic rate and the better water and soil conservation function were selected, at the same time, the functional richness and diversity of the community were improved, and the high phosphorus tolerance ability of the community was improved and the soil and water conservation function of the community was improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q948;S157

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