本文選題：生態(tài)清潔小流域 + 水土流失��； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：水土流失是世界性的課題。水土流失在我國(guó)也是所面臨的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題我國(guó)很多學(xué)者通過(guò)研究提出多種措施來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì),其中小流域治理模式是近些年提出治理水土流失的一種舉措,積累了一些成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn),水土的流失得到了一定控制,治理成效明顯,己在全國(guó)推廣。由于人們對(duì)美好生活的追求,對(duì)環(huán)境的要求也有了更高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。清潔的空氣和水、宜居的環(huán)境、舒適的生活,是實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)夢(mèng)的重要體現(xiàn)。因此清潔一詞出現(xiàn)在小流域治理中,成為其成效判定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文在太平小流域研究的背景下,對(duì)50戶農(nóng)戶采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的方式進(jìn)行了治理措施及效益的跟蹤調(diào)查,根據(jù)已有資料的分析摘出太平小流域水土流失的因子,歸納了項(xiàng)目流域自2009年至今七年的綜合治理情況。在研究中,根據(jù)該流域的特點(diǎn)和措施實(shí)施情況構(gòu)建了適合流域治理成效評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)體系。利用數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算、層次分析法,分析所選取指標(biāo)對(duì)項(xiàng)目流域的效益影響。建立模型計(jì)算太平小流域系統(tǒng)的效益得分,最后分析比較各種措施對(duì)太平小流域清潔治理的效益影響評(píng)價(jià)。分析結(jié)果如下：(1)太平小流域治理應(yīng)采取造林種草、封山育林育草的措施,達(dá)到保護(hù)好生態(tài)水源、控制水土流失、攔截并固定風(fēng)沙的主要目的,與此同時(shí),太平小流域清潔治理還納入了一些帶動(dòng)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的措施,例如果林的種植、苗木的種植、畜牧的養(yǎng)殖等。(2)根據(jù)太平小流域這些年來(lái)的治理情況、自身特點(diǎn)和治理措施選定12個(gè)指標(biāo)作為太平小流域清潔綜合治理效益評(píng)價(jià)的指標(biāo)體系。從各指標(biāo)的貢獻(xiàn)率來(lái)看,治理度(0.5951)林草覆蓋率(0.237)土壤侵蝕模數(shù)(0.1153)生活污水處理率(0.0526)；土地生產(chǎn)率(0.5142)人均收入(0.2648)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率(0.1465)糧食單產(chǎn)(0.0746)；勞動(dòng)力利用率(0.523)教育水平(0.2546)人均耕作面積(0.1567)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品商品率(0.0657)。由上述三種得分比較看出,治理度、土地生產(chǎn)率和勞動(dòng)力利用率是排在首位的,在項(xiàng)目流域治理中是相對(duì)較為重要的指標(biāo)。(3)太平小流域在未治理前綜合效益得分為0.4,治理后2015年的綜合效益得分為1.49,幅度增漲很快,己到達(dá)276.86%,就建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)看,項(xiàng)目流域己達(dá)到三等水平。流域現(xiàn)狀處于良性循環(huán)中級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。三大效益中經(jīng)濟(jì)效益得分尤為突出,根據(jù)計(jì)算得分來(lái)看己達(dá)到四等水平。從數(shù)據(jù)看社會(huì)效益不管從效益得分、效益增幅還是貢獻(xiàn)率來(lái)看都是最小的。效益得分比較：經(jīng)濟(jì)效益(1.69)生態(tài)效益(1.44)社會(huì)效益(1.32)；效益增幅比較：生態(tài)效益(310.76%)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益(269.11%)社會(huì)效益(175.35%)；效益功效率比較：生態(tài)效益(0.6048)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益(0.2674)社會(huì)效益(0.1278)。說(shuō)明社會(huì)效益與其它兩個(gè)效益發(fā)展不協(xié)調(diào),需要在日后的治理中加大其相應(yīng)的治理措施的強(qiáng)度。(4)通過(guò)各指標(biāo)的計(jì)算比較來(lái)看,太平小流域綜合治理后效果是明顯的,但是效益的發(fā)展步調(diào)不一致。制約因素多由當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)差異及農(nóng)戶教育水平限制導(dǎo)致。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is a worldwide problem. Soil erosion is also a serious problem in China. In response to this problem, many scholars in our country put forward a variety of measures to deal with this problem. Among them, the small watershed management model is a measure to control soil and water loss in recent years, which has accumulated some successful experience, and the erosion of water and soil has been controlled to a certain extent. The control effect is obvious, already popularized in the whole country. Due to people's pursuit of a better life, there are higher standards for the environment. Clean air and water, livable environment, comfortable life, is an important embodiment of the realization of Chinese Dream. Therefore, the word "clean" appears in the small watershed management and becomes the criterion of its effectiveness. Based on the background of Taiping small watershed research, 50 households were investigated by means of questionnaire, and the factors of soil and water loss in Taiping small watershed were analyzed according to the available data. Summarized the project basin from 2009 to now seven years of comprehensive management situation. In the study, according to the characteristics of the watershed and the implementation of the measures, the index system suitable for the evaluation of watershed governance effectiveness was constructed. The influence of selected indexes on the benefit of the project watershed is analyzed by mathematical operation and analytic hierarchy process. The model was established to calculate the benefit score of Taiping small watershed system. Finally, the effects of various measures on clean management of Taiping small watershed were analyzed and compared. The results are as follows: (1) in the small watershed of Taiping, afforestation and grass planting should be adopted to protect the ecological water source, control soil and water loss, intercept and fix the windy sand, at the same time, The clean management of the Taiping small Watershed has also incorporated some measures to promote local economic development, such as planting fruit forests, planting seedlings, raising livestock, etc.) according to the management situation of the Taiping small Watershed in recent years, Twelve indexes were selected as the index system for evaluating the benefit of clean and comprehensive management in Taiping small watershed. According to the contribution rate of each index, the control degree is 0.5951) the forest and grass coverage is 0.237) the soil erosion modulus is 0.1153) the treatment rate of domestic sewage is 0.0526, the land productivity is 0.5142) the per capita income is 0.2648) the labor productivity is 0.1465) the grain yield is 0.0746. The utilization rate of labor force is 0.523) the educational level is 0.2546) the per capita cultivated area is 0.1567) the commodity rate of agricultural products is 0.0657%. From the comparison of the above three scores, we can see that governance, land productivity and labor utilization rate are the first. The comprehensive benefit score of Taiping small watershed is 0.4 before it is not controlled, and the comprehensive benefit score of 2015 after harnessing is 1.49. The range of comprehensive benefit has increased rapidly and has reached 276.86. According to the construction standard, the comprehensive benefit score of Taiping small watershed is 0.4, and the comprehensive benefit score in 2015 is 1.49. The project basin has reached the third class level. The present situation of river basin is in the intermediate standard of virtuous circle. Among the three benefits, the economic benefit score is particularly prominent, according to the calculated score has reached the fourth level. From the data, the social benefit is the smallest in terms of benefit score, benefit increase and contribution rate. The comparison of benefit score: economic benefit 1.69) ecological benefit 1.44) social benefit 1.32; benefit increase comparison: ecological benefit 310.76) economic benefit 269.11) social benefit 175.35; efficiency rate: 0.6048) economic benefit 0.2674) social benefit 0.1278. It shows that the development of social benefits is not in harmony with the other two benefits, and it is necessary to increase the intensity of corresponding control measures in the future. (4) through the calculation and comparison of various indexes, the effect of comprehensive treatment of Taiping small watershed is obvious. But the pace of development of benefits is inconsistent. The restriction factor is mostly caused by the local economic difference and the peasant household education level restriction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S157

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本文編號(hào)：2045470