本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染 + 農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)　； 參考：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境問題一直是中央和地方政府的熱點(diǎn)問題,尤其是農(nóng)村生態(tài)環(huán)境日益惡化,成為影響社會(huì)和諧發(fā)展的不利因素。安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展處于穩(wěn)步上升的階段,農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值不斷提高,農(nóng)民生活水平普遍提高,但區(qū)域內(nèi)的農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染問題日益凸顯。本文主要是以文獻(xiàn)研究法和實(shí)證研究法、定性與定量分析法相結(jié)合為主,結(jié)合環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論,定性分析農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染形成與治理理論,運(yùn)用環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線假說,即在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展初期,人類的生產(chǎn)行為對(duì)環(huán)境污染程度較輕,隨著人類通過投入更多的資源要素不斷發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì),追求自身利益最大化,卻沒有重視環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,環(huán)境加劇惡化,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展到達(dá)一定頂峰后,人類開始關(guān)注環(huán)境問題,逐步治理環(huán)境。本文從農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染源頭,主要是種植業(yè)、畜禽業(yè)和農(nóng)村生活三方面入手,實(shí)證分析安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染,研究結(jié)論如下：農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染現(xiàn)狀分析：隨著安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,種植業(yè)生產(chǎn)中化肥、農(nóng)藥、農(nóng)膜施用量與流失量總量基本呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),且呈現(xiàn)高使用量和低利用率,最終造成大部分農(nóng)業(yè)化學(xué)品進(jìn)入水體和土壤,嚴(yán)重破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境;畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展快速,但廢棄物綜合利用和污染防治水平低,造成地表水和空氣的嚴(yán)重污染；同時(shí),秸稈年排放量居高不下,農(nóng)村生活污水排放量呈直線上升的態(tài)勢(shì)�？傊�,農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的日益加劇給土壤、水體、大氣以及農(nóng)民的健康造成一定的威脅。農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)：農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染各替代指標(biāo)間存在協(xié)整關(guān)系,通過格蘭杰因果檢驗(yàn),表明農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染產(chǎn)生的原因。EKC結(jié)果表明：農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染與農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間呈現(xiàn)“倒U型”、“倒U型+U型”、線性關(guān)系。人均農(nóng)林牧漁產(chǎn)值與單位面積化肥流失量、單位面積農(nóng)藥流失量、單位面積農(nóng)膜殘留量和農(nóng)村生活污水排放量之間呈現(xiàn)顯著的“倒U型”EKC曲線,且前三者的EKC轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn),未來有望下降,環(huán)境逐漸改善；而農(nóng)村生活污水排放量在轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)的左側(cè),還可能繼續(xù)增加,不利于生態(tài)環(huán)境。而安徽省畜禽糞便排放量與人均農(nóng)林牧漁產(chǎn)值之間呈現(xiàn)“倒U型+U型”曲線,是先上升后下降再上升的趨勢(shì),近幾年畜禽排放量處于“U型”右側(cè),未來有上升趨勢(shì)。秸稈排放量與人均農(nóng)林牧漁產(chǎn)值的之間呈線性遞增關(guān)系,且排放量隨著農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)而逐漸上升。農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的主要問題分析：農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的體制機(jī)制不健全,農(nóng)民的環(huán)保意識(shí)淡薄,混淆點(diǎn)源與面源污染防治,防控技術(shù)落后,農(nóng)村生活廢棄物處理體系不完善等。通過安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染實(shí)證研究,結(jié)合國(guó)外防治農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),從種植業(yè)、畜禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)以及農(nóng)村生活污染源頭提出具體建議,同時(shí)加大技術(shù)和資金支持,鼓勵(lì)科技創(chuàng)新,加強(qiáng)環(huán)保宣傳,促進(jìn)群眾參與管理。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment has always been a hot issue of central and local governments, especially the worsening of rural ecological environment, which has become an unfavorable factor affecting the harmonious development of society. The development of agricultural economy in Anhui Province is on the stage of steady rise, the agricultural output value is constantly improving, and the living standard of farmers is generally improved, but the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution in the region is becoming increasingly prominent. This paper mainly uses the literature research method and the empirical research method, the qualitative and quantitative analysis method unifies primarily, unifies the environment economy theory and the economics theory, qualitative analysis agricultural non-point source pollution formation and the control theory. Using the hypothesis of environmental Kuznets curve, that is, in the early stage of economic development, the degree of environmental pollution from human production behavior is relatively light, as human beings continue to develop their economy by investing more resource elements, and pursue the maximization of their own interests. However, no attention has been paid to the coordinated development of environment and economy, environmental deterioration has been aggravated, and economic development has reached a certain peak, human beings have begun to pay attention to environmental problems and gradually manage the environment. This paper analyzes the agricultural economic growth and agricultural non-point source pollution in Anhui Province from three aspects of agricultural non-point source pollution, mainly planting industry, livestock and poultry industry and rural life. The conclusions are as follows: with the development of agricultural economy in Anhui Province, the amount of fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film application and the total amount of loss of agricultural film are on the rise with the development of agricultural economy in Anhui Province, and present high usage and low utilization ratio. As a result, most agricultural chemicals enter water bodies and soils, seriously damaging the ecological environment; livestock and poultry breeding develops rapidly, but the comprehensive utilization of wastes and the level of pollution prevention and control are low, resulting in serious surface water and air pollution; at the same time, The annual discharge of straw is high and the discharge of rural domestic sewage is rising in a straight line. In a word, the aggravation of agricultural non-point pollution threatens the health of soil, water, atmosphere and farmers. The empirical test of agricultural non-point source pollution: there is cointegration relationship between agricultural economic growth and agricultural non-point source pollution alternative indicators, through Granger causality test, EKC results show that the relationship between agricultural non-point source pollution and agricultural economic growth is "inverted U type", "inverted U type U type", and linear relationship between agricultural non-point source pollution and agricultural economic growth. The EKC curve between per capita agricultural, forestry, fishery output value and fertilizer loss per unit area, pesticide loss per unit area, residual amount of agricultural film per unit area and the discharge of rural domestic sewage showed significant "inverted U-shaped" EKC curve. Moreover, the EKC turning point of the first three has already appeared, which is expected to decrease in the future, and the environment will be improved gradually, while the discharge of rural domestic sewage on the left side of the turning point may continue to increase, which is not conducive to the ecological environment. However, there was a "inverted U type U" curve between the amount of excrement of livestock and poultry and the output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery per capita in Anhui Province, which increased first and then decreased and then increased. In recent years, the amount of excretion of livestock and poultry was on the right side of "U type", and there was an upward trend in the future. The relationship between straw emission and per capita output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery increased linearly, and the emission increased gradually with the increase of agricultural economy. Analysis of the main problems of agricultural non-point source pollution: the system and mechanism of agricultural non-point source pollution is not perfect, the farmers' consciousness of environmental protection is weak, the prevention and control of point source and non-point source pollution are confused, the technology of prevention and control is backward, and the treatment system of rural domestic waste is not perfect, etc. Based on the empirical study of agricultural non-point source pollution in Anhui Province and the successful experiences of foreign countries in preventing and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution, specific suggestions are put forward from the sources of planting, livestock and poultry breeding and rural life pollution, and the technical and financial support is increased at the same time. Encourage scientific and technological innovation, strengthen environmental publicity, and promote the participation of the masses in management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X71;F327

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