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  本文選題：天然云杉林 + 土壤有機(jī)碳��； 參考：《北京林業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球氣候變化形勢日益嚴(yán)峻,作為陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳庫之首的森林土壤碳庫,在調(diào)節(jié)碳源與碳匯間的收支平衡、減緩諸如二氧化碳等大氣中的溫室氣體含量上升等方面扮演著不可替代的角色。而土壤有機(jī)碳是土壤碳最重要的部分,其含量及礦化特征已成為碳循環(huán)領(lǐng)域中的研究熱點。因此本研究選擇天山烏魯木齊水西溝境內(nèi)的森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)定位研究站作為研究區(qū),并分別選取5個海拔梯度(1800-2000m、2000-2200m、 2200-2400m、2400-2600m、2600-2800m)下的土壤作為研究對象,對土壤有機(jī)碳含量、微生物碳含量及其變化特征進(jìn)行了分析,同時對土壤有機(jī)碳礦化過程做了研究,并利用單指數(shù)、雙指數(shù)方程對有機(jī)碳礦化過程進(jìn)行了擬合,最后選出最優(yōu)擬合模型—雙指數(shù)方程作為擬合分析手段。進(jìn)而通過數(shù)學(xué)模型—雙指數(shù)方程擬合得出土壤活性有機(jī)碳、緩效性有機(jī)碳的含量,并算出惰性有機(jī)碳的含量,進(jìn)一步利用單因素分析等方法探討了有機(jī)碳及其組分在空間上的變化特性。研究結(jié)果顯示：5個海拔梯度的云杉林下土壤有機(jī)碳含量皆表現(xiàn)出相同的變化趨勢：即隨土層的加深其含量逐漸降低,表層富集現(xiàn)象極為明顯。土層間有機(jī)碳含量的變化幅度要明顯高于海拔間的變化幅度,即由土層深度變化引起的土壤有機(jī)碳含量變化要高于由海拔梯度變化所產(chǎn)生的含量變化。不同海拔同層土壤有機(jī)碳含量與云杉林郁閉度、樹高、胸徑一樣均表現(xiàn)出先減少后增加再減少的變化規(guī)律；不同海拔梯度天山云杉林下土壤微生物碳含量變化趨勢與土壤有機(jī)碳含量變化趨勢基本一致,即其含量隨土壤深度的增加而呈下降的趨勢,0-40cm土層微生物碳含量占整個剖面的比例高達(dá)61.34%-79.30%,表層富集現(xiàn)象同樣明顯。不同海拔40cm以上兩個土層同層間微生物碳含量表現(xiàn)出先減少后增加再減少的變化規(guī)律,而5個海拔的40cm以下相同土層間微生物碳含量均無顯著性差異；云杉林各層土壤有機(jī)碳礦化均表現(xiàn)出初期強(qiáng)度較大,但隨著反應(yīng)進(jìn)行,礦化速率逐漸變緩,反應(yīng)強(qiáng)度減弱。表層土壤有機(jī)碳礦化劇烈程度隨海拔梯度的增加呈現(xiàn)出先降低再增加最終降低的變化特性；雙指數(shù)方程對土壤有機(jī)碳的礦化擬合效果要優(yōu)于單指數(shù)方程；云杉林土壤剖面中Co(活性有機(jī)碳)、Cs(緩效性有機(jī)碳)和Cr(惰性有機(jī)碳)三者含量表現(xiàn)出隨著土壤深度的加深而逐漸降低的垂直變化特征,云杉林土壤惰性有機(jī)碳含量變化特點與相應(yīng)土壤剖面的有機(jī)碳含量、微生物碳含量的變化趨勢基本一致；云杉林不同海拔土壤活性有機(jī)碳、緩效性有機(jī)碳、惰性有機(jī)碳所占總有機(jī)碳的比例大小關(guān)系為：Cr/SOC＞Co/SOC＞Cs/SOC,土壤惰性對有機(jī)碳起到主要影響作用,而活性有機(jī)碳、緩效性有機(jī)碳含量對土壤有機(jī)碳含量的影響很小。
[Abstract]:Global climate change is becoming more and more serious. Forest soil carbon pool, which is the first carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystem, regulates the balance of income and expenditure between carbon source and carbon sink. Slowing the rise of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, plays an irreplaceable role. Soil organic carbon is the most important part of soil carbon, and its content and mineralization characteristics have become the research focus in the field of carbon cycle. Therefore, this study selected forest ecosystem location research station in Urumqi, Urumqi, Tianshan as the study area, and selected five soils under the gradient of altitude 1800-2000mC2000 ~ 2200m, 2200-2400mA2400-2600mP2600-2800m as the research object, and the soil organic carbon content was studied. The microbial carbon content and its changing characteristics were analyzed, and the mineralization process of soil organic carbon was studied, and the process of organic carbon mineralization was fitted by single index and double index equation. Finally, the optimal fitting model-double exponential equation is selected as the fitting analysis method. Then the content of soil active organic carbon and slow-acting organic carbon was obtained by fitting the mathematical model-double exponential equation, and the content of inert organic carbon was calculated. Furthermore, the spatial variation characteristics of organic carbon and its components were investigated by means of single factor analysis. The results showed that the soil organic carbon content under five elevation gradients showed the same change trend: the soil organic carbon content decreased gradually with the deepening of soil layer, the surface layer enrichment phenomenon was very obvious. The change range of soil organic carbon content is obviously higher than that of altitude, that is, the change of soil organic carbon content caused by the change of soil depth is higher than that caused by the change of elevation gradient. Soil organic carbon content and canopy density, tree height and DBH in the same layer at different elevations all showed the change law of decreasing first and then decreasing; The variation trend of soil microbial carbon content in different elevation gradients was basically the same as that of soil organic carbon content. That is to say, the soil microbial carbon content in 0-40cm soil layer accounts for the proportion of 61.34-79.30 in the whole section with the increase of soil depth, and the enrichment phenomenon in the surface layer is also obvious. The microbial carbon content in the same layer of the two layers above 40cm at different elevations showed the law of decreasing first and then decreasing, but there was no significant difference in microbial carbon content between the same soil layers under 40cm at 5 elevations. Soil organic carbon mineralization in all layers of Picea lanceolata forest showed high initial strength, but with the reaction, the mineralization rate gradually slowed down and the reaction intensity weakened. The mineralization intensity of soil organic carbon in surface soil decreased first and then decreased with the increase of elevation gradient, and the fitting effect of double index equation for soil organic carbon mineralization was better than that of single index equation. In soil profile of Picea lanceolata forest, the contents of CsC (slow active organic carbon) and Cr (inert organic carbon) in soil profile of Picea lanceolata forest showed the vertical variation characteristics of decreasing gradually with the deepening of soil depth. The variation characteristics of soil inert organic carbon content in Picea lanceolata forest are basically consistent with the corresponding soil profile organic carbon content and microbial carbon content, and the soil active organic carbon and slow-acting organic carbon in Picea lanceolata stand at different elevations. The ratio of inert organic carbon to total organic carbon is as follows: Cr-SOC > Co- / SOC > Cs / SOC. soil inert plays a major role in organic carbon, while active organic carbon, slow-acting organic carbon content has little effect on soil organic carbon content.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714.2

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