本文選題：群落類型 + 土壤養(yǎng)分　； 參考：《華東師范大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤作為森林的載體,具有固定和支持的作用,研究其養(yǎng)分狀況以及生物活性指標特征,對于推測森林土壤的肥力特征以及健康狀況都有積極的意義。本研究以安徽岳西常綠闊葉林帶內的常綠闊葉林及其衍生群落為對象,研究四種群落類型的土壤理化性質、微生物量以及土壤酶活性特征,揭示其土壤剖面分布規(guī)律及季節(jié)動態(tài)特征,比較了不同群落類型問的差異,闡述了土壤養(yǎng)分與土壤生物活性指標的關系,為制定提高植被生產力與保持土壤肥力的措施提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究結果如下：(1)不同群落類型土壤理化性質、微生物量和酶活性的差異土壤pH值在四種群落類型中0-40 cm土層變化范圍是4.57～5.81,均屬酸性土壤,含水率在0-40 cm土壤中的波動范圍則是25.75～28.73%。常綠闊葉林土壤有機質、全碳、全氮、硝態(tài)氮含量最高,針闊混交林和杉木林相對偏低,但杉木林土壤中的全鉀(12.05～25.51 g/kg)、速效鉀(66.48～135.58 mg/kg)含量高于其他林型,突出的是土壤中銨態(tài)氮、速效磷含量均以毛竹林最高；微生物量碳在針闊混交林中較高,而微生物量氮在毛竹林中較高,常綠闊葉林的土壤微生物量都要高于杉木林；酶活性(脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、過氧化氫酶)則表現(xiàn)為在闊葉林中高于針葉林。(2)不同深度土壤理化性質、微生物量和酶活性的差異在四種群落類型中,隨著土層深度的增加,pH值與含水率顯著增大,土壤養(yǎng)分、微生物量以及酶活性均有顯著下降的趨勢(酸性磷酸酶、土壤全鉀除外)。(3)土壤養(yǎng)分、微生物量和酶活性的季節(jié)動態(tài)四種群落土壤有機質、全碳、全氮、全磷、全鉀在0-40 cm層的含量變化范圍分別為7.11～56.45 g/kg、1.23～6.67 g/kg、0.52～2.69 g/kg、0.02～0.43 g/kg、2.68～25.71 g/kg,銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮、速效磷、速效鉀含量則分別介于2.53～50.73 mg/kg、0.25～8.23 mg/kg、4.11～17.20 mg/kg、45.11～135.58 mg/kg之間,養(yǎng)分總體上在夏、秋季高于春、冬季。在生物活性指標方面：微生物量碳、氮、磷含量在四種植被土壤0-40 cm層的變化范圍分別為 86.97～909.57 mg/kg、14.35～202.15 mg/kg、11.99～92.56 mg/kg;土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、過氧化氫酶的活性在0-40 cm層的范圍則是0.16～0.98 mg/g～24h、6.13～32.86 mg/g·24h、0.09～0.73 mg/g·2h、1.05～1.95 ml/g·20min,微生物量和酶活性的季節(jié)動態(tài)與養(yǎng)分含量的季節(jié)波動規(guī)律類似,說明土壤生物活性指標在改良土壤養(yǎng)分方面作用顯著,與土壤養(yǎng)分聯(lián)系緊密,相互影響,共同決定土壤肥力。
[Abstract]:Soil, as a carrier of forest, has a fixed and supportive role. The study of its nutrient status and the characteristics of biological activity index has positive significance to speculate on the fertility characteristics and health status of the forest soil. This study was based on the Chang Lvkuo leaf forest and its derived community in the evergreen broad-leaved forest of Yuexi, Anhui, and studied four species of communities. The characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity, reveal the distribution and seasonal dynamic characteristics of soil profiles, compare the differences in different types of community types, and explain the relationship between soil nutrients and soil bioactivity indicators, and provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of measures to improve the productivity of vegetation and maintain soil fertility. The main results are as follows: (1) the difference in soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass and enzyme activity of different community types in soil pH values of 0-40 cm soil layers in four types of communities is 4.57 ~ 5.81, all belong to acid soil, and the fluctuation range of water content in 0-40 cm soil is from 25.75 to 28.73%. evergreen broad-leaved forest soil organic matter, total carbon, The content of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen is the highest, and the mixed forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata are relatively low, but the total potassium (12.05 ~ 25.51 g/kg) and the available potassium (66.48 ~ 135.58 mg/kg) in the soil of the Chinese fir forest are higher than that of the other forest types, and the ammonium nitrogen in the soil is prominent, the content of available phosphorus is the highest in the bamboo forest, and the microbial biomass carbon is higher in the mixed forest of the coniferous and broad-leaved forests, and the microbiological content is a little. The soil microbial biomass of the evergreen broad-leaved forest is higher than that of the Chinese fir forest, and the enzyme activity (urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase, catalase) is higher than the coniferous forest in the broad-leaved forest. (2) the differences in soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass and enzyme activity in different depths are among the four types of community, with the soil layer. In depth, pH value and water content increased significantly, soil nutrients, microbial biomass and enzyme activity decreased significantly (acid phosphatase, except soil total potassium). (3) soil nutrients, microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the seasonal dynamic four species of soil organic matter, total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium content in the 0-40 cm layer content variation range Not 7.11 to 56.45 g/kg, 1.23 to 6.67 g/kg, 0.52 to 2.69 g/kg, 0.02 to 0.43 g/kg, 2.68 to 25.71 g/kg, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, respectively, between 2.53 to 50.73, 0.25 ~ 8.23 mg/kg, mg/kg, and mg/kg in summer, autumn higher than spring, winter. In winter. Standard: the range of microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in soil 0-40 cm layer were 86.97 ~ 909.57 mg/kg, 14.35 ~ 202.15 mg/kg, 11.99 to 92.56 mg/kg, soil urease, sucrase, acid phosphatase, catalase activity in the 0-40 cm layer range of 0.16 ~ 0.98 mg/g ~ 24h, 6.13 ~ 32.86 mg/g. 24h, 0 The seasonal fluctuation of the seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass and enzyme activity was similar to that of nutrient content from 9 to 0.73 mg/g. 2H and 1.05 to 1.95 ml/g. 20min, which indicated that the soil biological activity index played a significant role in improving soil nutrients, and the soil nutrients were closely related to each other, and the soil fertility was determined together.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S714

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