本文選題：凋落葉 + 分解速率��； 參考：《浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：凋落葉作為森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中凋落物的主要成分,是土壤有機質(zhì)的主要來源,在土壤質(zhì)量維持和全球氣候變化方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。植硅體碳作為一種穩(wěn)定性碳的形態(tài),隨植物的死亡或凋謝后進入土壤,進而影響土壤穩(wěn)定性碳庫的儲量。本研究利用~(13)C-NMR技術(shù),分析了中國亞熱帶4種典型森林類型(毛竹林、馬尾松林、杉木林、常綠闊葉林)凋落葉分解過程中不同形態(tài)碳化合物信號強度的變化規(guī)律;采用堿溶分光光度法,分析了凋落葉分解過程中植硅體碳含量的變化特征。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)分析了4種森林類型凋落葉分解過程,結(jié)果表明:4種森林凋落葉經(jīng)過12個月的分解后,質(zhì)量損失率分別為:常綠闊葉林(53.80%)馬尾松林(52.69%)杉木林(48.31%)毛竹林(41.17%),表明毛竹林和杉木林凋落葉比馬尾松林和常綠闊葉林凋落葉更難降解。4種森林凋落葉半分解時間表現(xiàn)為10.5~14.5月,95%分解時間表現(xiàn)為3.91~5.27年。隨著凋落葉分解時間的推移,4種森林凋落葉中的N含量逐漸提高,C含量和C/N逐漸降低。凋落葉的C含量、C/N與凋落葉質(zhì)量殘存率之間呈極顯著正相關(guān)(r=0.9010~0.9840,p0.01,n=12),而N含量與凋落葉質(zhì)量殘存率之間呈極顯著負相關(guān)(r=-0.9211~-0.9831,p0.01,n=12)。(2)研究了4種森林類型凋落葉分解過程中不同形態(tài)碳組分~(13)C-NMR波譜特征,結(jié)果表明:隨分解時間的增加,4種森林凋落葉羰基碳的信號強度顯著增加(0.75~2.08倍),芳香碳則小幅增加(25.14~37.37%),而烷氧碳和烷基碳有增有減。4種森林凋落葉的烷氧碳、芳香碳和羰基碳信號強度與凋落葉質(zhì)量殘存率之間均呈現(xiàn)極顯著相關(guān)性(r=0.8800~0.9301,p0.01,n=12)。除馬尾松之外,其余森林凋落葉的烷基碳信號強度與凋落葉質(zhì)量殘存率之間均無顯著相關(guān)性。相比而言,采用~(13)C-NMR波譜技術(shù)比常規(guī)指標(biāo)更能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測凋落物的衰減,因而更有利于深入認識凋落葉分解機制。(3)探討了4種森林類型凋落葉分解過程中植硅體碳的變化規(guī)律,結(jié)果表明:各種森林凋落葉分解是硅含量、植硅體含量相對積累的過程,不同森林凋落葉植硅體含量在分解過程中的變幅為:毛竹(139.61~169.69 g·kg-1)、馬尾松(7.43~10.98 g·kg-1)、杉木(7.12~11.04 g·kg-1)、常綠闊葉林(7.55~10.54 g·kg-1),而植硅體碳含量變幅為:毛竹(24.52~29.29 g·kg-1)、馬尾松(81.55~94.23 g·kg-1)、杉木(109.81~123.71 g·kg-1)、常綠闊葉林(80.94~91.59 g·kg-1)。動態(tài)分解過程中,毛竹林凋落葉植硅體與植硅體碳含量與其余3種林分之間有顯著性差異(p0.05)。毛竹林凋落葉植硅體和植硅體碳釋放速率與其余3種森林之間差異也達到顯著水平(p0.05)�？傊�,4種森林類型凋落葉中,馬尾松林和常綠闊葉林凋落葉比毛竹林和杉木林凋落葉更易降解。在分解過程中,4種凋落葉中烷氧碳含量隨分解時間的進行不斷降低,且占比均高于其余碳組分,對凋落葉的分解起決定作用。采用~(13)C-NMR波譜技術(shù)更有利于深入認識凋落葉分解機制。毛竹林凋落葉植硅體含量最高,植硅體碳含量最低。4種凋落葉均具有一定的植硅體碳匯潛力,毛竹最大。凋落物分解速率、植硅體產(chǎn)量、植硅體固碳能力等,是引起森林土壤植硅體碳含量差異的重要因素。
[Abstract]:As the main component of litter in the forest ecosystem, the litter is the main source of soil organic matter. It plays an important role in soil quality maintenance and global climate change. As a stable carbon form, plant silicon carbon will enter the soil with the death or withering of plants, and then affect the reserves of soil stable carbon pool. This study used ~ (13) C-NMR technology to analyze the variation of the signal intensity of different forms of carbon compounds in the litter decomposition process of 4 typical Chinese subtropical forest types (bamboos, Pinus massoniana forest, Chinese fir forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest). The change characteristics of the carbon content in the litter decomposition process were analyzed by alkaline solution spectrophotometry. The main results are as follows: (1) the decomposition process of 4 species of forest leaves was analyzed. The results showed that after 12 months of decomposition, the mass loss rates of 4 forest litter were: evergreen broad-leaved forest (53.80%) Pinus massoniana (52.69%) Cunninghamia lanceolata (48.31%) Mao Zhulin (41.17%), indicating that the leaves of Mao Zhulin and Cunninghamia lanceolata were compared to the Masson pine forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest. The deciduous leaves of the forest litter are more difficult to degrade the semi decomposition time of the.4 forest litter, and the time of decomposition is 10.5~14.5 months, and the 95% decomposition time is 3.91~5.27 years. As the litter decomposition time goes on, the content of N in the leaves of 4 species of forest gradually increases, and the content of C and C/N gradually decrease. The C content of litter leaves, C /N and the residual leaf mass residual rate are very significant positive. Correlation (r=0.9010~0.9840, P0.01, n=12), while N content was significantly negatively correlated with the residual leaf mass residual rate (r=-0.9211~-0.9831, P0.01, n=12). (2) the characteristics of ~ (13) C-NMR wave spectra of different forms of carbon fractions in the litter decomposition of 4 forest types were studied. The results showed that the carbonyl carbon letter of 4 forest litters with the increase of decomposition time The intensity of the number increased significantly (0.75~2.08 times) and the aromatic carbon was slightly increased (25.14~37.37%), while alkoxy carbon and alkyl carbon increased the alkoxy carbon, and the signal intensity of aromatic carbon and carbonyl carbon showed significant correlation with the residual leaf mass residual rate (R =0.8800~0.9301, P0.01, n=12). Except for masson pine, the rest forests were in addition to masson pine. There is no significant correlation between the intensity of the deciduous alkyl carbon signal and the residual leaf mass residual rate. Compared with the conventional index, the decay of litter can be predicted more accurately by using ~ (13) C-NMR spectroscopy than the conventional ones. (3) the plant carbon carbon in the litter decomposition process of 4 forest types is discussed. The results show that the decomposition of various forest litter is the content of silicon and the accumulation of the content of the plant silicon, and the variation of the content of the plant silicon in different forest litter is: Bamboo (139.61~169.69 G. Kg-1), masson pine (7.43~10.98 G. Kg-1), Chinese fir (7.12~11.04 G. Kg-1), evergreen broad-leaved forest (7.55~10.54 g kg-1), The carbon content of Phyllostachys is: Bamboo (24.52~29.29 G. Kg-1), Pinus massoniana (81.55~94.23 G. Kg-1), Chinese fir (109.81~123.71 g kg-1), evergreen broad-leaved forest (80.94~91.59 g kg-1). In the dynamic decomposition process, there is a significant difference between the carbon content of the litter and the carbon content of the Phyllostachys pubescens and the other 3 kinds of forests. The difference between the carbon release rate of the body and the phytate and the other 3 forests also reached a significant level (P0.05). In a word, the litter of Masson Pine and evergreen broad-leaved forest was more easily degraded than that of Mao Zhulin and Chinese fir forest in the 4 forest types. In the decomposition process, the content of alkoxy carbon in the 4 species of litter decreased with the decomposition time. And the proportion of the percentage is higher than the other carbon components, which plays a decisive role in the decomposition of litter. The ~ (13) C-NMR spectroscopy is more conducive to the understanding of the decomposition mechanism of the litter. The content of the plant silicon in the litterfall leaves of the bamboo forest is the highest, the lowest.4 species of the Phyllostachys litter has a certain carbon sink potential of the phyllostacht, the largest of the litter is the litter decomposition rate. The yield of silicon carbide and the carbon sequestration capacity of plant silicon are important factors that cause the difference of carbon content in silico soil of forest soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S714

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