本文選題：耕地溝蝕 + 耕作壟向��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：東北黑土區(qū)在長期高強度開墾連作下,侵蝕溝分割耕地地表現(xiàn)象嚴重,耕地質(zhì)量下降、養(yǎng)分流失等問題凸顯。在充分了解黑龍江省賓縣耕地利用結(jié)構(gòu)時空變化特征和耕地利用侵蝕程度特征的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合自然條件、侵蝕程度、耕作方式差異,挑選糖坊鎮(zhèn)和三寶鄉(xiāng)作為典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)探究耕地壟向干擾下土壤侵蝕特征。首先,基于GIS和RS技術(shù),采用全局空間自相關(guān)等方法,綜合壟向、侵蝕溝、地形數(shù)據(jù)探究區(qū)域尺度下壟向分布及不同壟向耕地溝蝕與地形因子耦合規(guī)律。其次,綜合統(tǒng)計學(xué)的模型方法,對兩鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)溝蝕對土壤中有機質(zhì)、全氮、全磷和速效鉀含量的影響及不同壟向耕作下溝蝕對各養(yǎng)分的影響及差異展開研究。結(jié)果表明:(1)1986~2000年,研究區(qū)賓縣耕地增減均多分布在2~4°平緩地帶,2000~2015年新增耕地在高坡度分布增加。1986~2000年耕地增減均多分布在低起伏地帶,2000~2015年新增耕地及退耕耕地在高起伏分布均有增加。(2)1986~2015年,賓縣17個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中有11個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)耕地破碎指數(shù)增加,耕地整體呈破碎化態(tài)勢。穩(wěn)定耕地上溝蝕分布廣泛、溝蝕密度相對動態(tài)耕地密度低。侵蝕溝的存在期長,是地形、降雨、耕作方式長期作用的結(jié)果,耕作壟向是長期潛在的人為侵蝕因子。(3)兩個典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的溝蝕空間集聚程度不同,主導(dǎo)性壟向耕地內(nèi)的侵蝕程度最高。壟向在耕地上的分布有很強的空間自相關(guān)性,不同的壟向空間分布是對地形條件的反饋體現(xiàn),合理的壟向空間分布會起到降低溝蝕密度的作用。(4)除糖坊鎮(zhèn)斜壟外,不同壟向耕地溝蝕密度隨海拔的升高呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢。糖坊鎮(zhèn)不同海拔級優(yōu)勢壟向規(guī)律性不強,三寶鄉(xiāng)整體上任意海拔級斜壟耕作最優(yōu)。坡度與坡長交互作用顯著。兩鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)表現(xiàn)為“小坡度”+“小坡長”或“小坡度”+“大坡長”條件jk壟耕作最優(yōu),“大坡度”+“小坡長”或“大坡度”+“大坡長”條件斜壟耕作最優(yōu)。糖坊鎮(zhèn)和三寶鄉(xiāng)在0~25 m地形起伏下分別是斜壟耕作和順壟耕作最優(yōu)。從耕地侵蝕數(shù)量角度,黑土區(qū)漫川漫崗地帶斜壟耕作更具水土保持作用。(5)溝蝕對土壤養(yǎng)分含量影響較大,有機質(zhì)和全氮含量較無侵蝕區(qū)分別減少33.43%和46.67%,速效鉀與全磷含量變化不明顯,在溝蝕區(qū)進行秸稈覆蓋能夠減少土壤養(yǎng)分流失。溝蝕在造成養(yǎng)分含量下降的同時,也影響了土壤的理化結(jié)構(gòu),降低了土壤中有機質(zhì)和全氮含量之間的相關(guān)性。(6)兩個典型鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)橫壟溝蝕、順壟溝蝕及無溝蝕對照組土壤有機質(zhì)和全氮含量大小均表現(xiàn)為無溝蝕區(qū)順壟溝蝕jk壟溝蝕。從耕地侵蝕養(yǎng)分角度,無侵蝕區(qū)土壤養(yǎng)分含量最高,溝蝕區(qū)順壟耕作較橫壟耕作更具保肥意義。
[Abstract]:Under the long-term high intensity reclamation and continuous cropping in the black soil area of Northeast China, the phenomenon of erosion ditch dividing cultivated land surface is serious, the quality of cultivated land is declining, and the problems of nutrient loss are prominent. On the basis of fully understanding the temporal and spatial characteristics of cultivated land use structure and the characteristics of cultivated land erosion degree in Binxian County, Heilongjiang Province, the differences of natural conditions, erosion degree and tillage methods are considered. Select Tangfang Town and Sambao Township as typical towns to explore the characteristics of soil erosion under ridge disturbance. Firstly, based on GIS and RS technology, the global spatial autocorrelation method is used to study the distribution of ridge direction at regional scale and the coupling law between furrow erosion and topographic factors in different ridges by means of comprehensive ridge direction, erosion channel and topographic data. Secondly, the effects of furrow erosion on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available potassium in two villages and towns, and the effects and differences of furrow erosion on various nutrients under different ridge tillage were studied by comprehensive statistical model method. The results show that the first one is from 1986 to 2000. The increase and decrease of cultivated land in Binxian County were mostly distributed in the area of 2o 4 擄flat area from 2000 to 2015. The increase and decrease of cultivated land from 1986 to 2000 were mostly distributed in the low undulation area, and the distribution of new cultivated land from 2000 to 2015 and that of returning cultivated land increased from 1986 to 2015, respectively. In 17 villages and towns of Binxian county, 11 villages and towns increased the fragmentation index of cultivated land, and the whole cultivated land showed a trend of fragmentation. The distribution of trench erosion on stable cultivated land is widespread, and the density of trench erosion is lower than that of dynamic cultivated land. The existence of erosion ditch is the result of the long-term effect of topography, rainfall and tillage methods, and the furrow direction is the potential long-term human erosion factor. 3) the spatial accumulation degree of furrow erosion in two typical towns is different. The erosion of dominant ridges to cultivated land is the highest. The distribution of ridge direction on cultivated land has strong spatial autocorrelation. Different spatial distribution of ridge direction reflects the feedback of terrain conditions. Reasonable spatial distribution of ridge direction will play a role in reducing the density of furrow erosion. The furrow erosion density of different ridges increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude. The dominant ridge direction of different elevation level in Tangfang town is not regular, and the slope ridge tillage at any elevation level is the best in Sanbao township as a whole. The interaction between slope and slope length is significant. In the two towns, the conditions of "small slope", "small slope length" or "small slope degree" and "large slope length" are the optimum conditions of ridge tillage, and "large slope" and "small slope length" or "big slope" and "big slope length" are the best conditions for slant ridge tillage. In Tangfang Town and Sambao Town, the slope ridge tillage and the shun ridge tillage were the best under the topographic fluctuation of 0 ~ 25 m, respectively. From the point of view of cultivated land erosion quantity, slanting ridge tillage has more soil and water conservation effect on soil nutrient content. The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen decreased 33.43% and 46.67%, respectively, and the contents of available potassium and total phosphorus did not change obviously. Straw mulching in gully erosion area could reduce soil nutrient loss. Furrow erosion not only caused the decrease of nutrient content, but also affected the physical and chemical structure of soil, and reduced the correlation between organic matter and total nitrogen content in soil. The content of organic matter and total nitrogen in soil of the control groups with and without furrow erosion showed that the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content in the control group were JK ridge erosion in no trench erosion area. From the point of view of cultivated land erosion nutrient, the soil nutrient content in no-erosion area was the highest, and furrow tillage was more significant than transverse ridge tillage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S157.1

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 B.P.Ganasri;H.Ramesh;;Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS-A case study of Nethravathi Basin[J];Geoscience Frontiers;2016年06期

2 邊鋒;鄭粉莉;徐錫蒙;盧嘉;覃超;吳紅艷;;東北黑土區(qū)順坡壟作和無壟作坡面侵蝕過程對比[J];水土保持通報;2016年01期

3 韓曉勇;韓玲;戚鵬程;;秦巴山區(qū)MODISLST時序數(shù)據(jù)重建及特征分析[J];地理與地理信息科學(xué);2016年01期

4 鄭粉莉;邊鋒;盧嘉;覃超;徐錫蒙;;雨型對東北典型黑土區(qū)順坡壟作坡面土壤侵蝕的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報;2016年02期

5 高進長;朱虹;龍翼;張信寶;朱波;唐強;劉秀明;;川中丘陵區(qū)小流域土地利用變化和泥沙來源示蹤的δ~(13)C技術(shù)[J];山地學(xué)報;2015年05期

6 韓會然;楊成鳳;宋金平;;北京市土地利用空間格局演化模擬及預(yù)測[J];地理科學(xué)進展;2015年08期

7 林藝;秦鳳;鄭子成;張林;劉麟翔;徐巍;吳春柳;李廷軒;;不同降雨條件下壟作坡面地表微地形及土壤侵蝕變化特征[J];中國水土保持科學(xué);2015年03期

8 周寧;李超;滿秀玲;;基于Logistic回歸和RBF神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的土壤侵蝕模數(shù)預(yù)測[J];水土保持通報;2015年03期

9 姜佰文;趙賽東;魏丹;金梁;李玉梅;郭文義;徐猛;張哲;;坡度和耕作措施對土壤侵蝕及大豆產(chǎn)量的影響[J];大豆科學(xué);2015年02期

10 陳新建;濮勵杰;;中國資源地理學(xué)學(xué)科地位與近期研究熱點[J];資源科學(xué);2015年03期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前6條

1 李朝亮;基于RS和GIS賓縣土地利用與土壤侵蝕之間的關(guān)系分析[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2015年

2 張琳;東北黑土區(qū)漫川漫崗區(qū)侵蝕溝評價指標(biāo)體系[D];東北師范大學(xué);2013年

3 徐輝;河南省耕地利用效益評價研究[D];東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

4 高楊;模擬降雨條件下三種類型土壤侵蝕特征及其氮素流失的控制效應(yīng)[D];山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

5 王禹;137Cs和210Pbex復(fù)合示蹤研究東北黑土區(qū)坡耕地土壤侵蝕速率[D];中國科學(xué)院研究生院（教育部水土保持與生態(tài)環(huán)境研究中心）;2010年

6 柳藝博;東北黑土區(qū)土壤侵蝕空間格局研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號：2025102