本文選題：增加降水 + 云南松人工林　； 參考：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：由于全球氣候的變暖,引起全球降水格局發(fā)生了異常變化。其中,降水量大幅增加是降水格局異常變化的一種體現(xiàn)。近幾十年來降水增加發(fā)生的頻率、范圍和持續(xù)時(shí)間都有所增加。森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是最大的陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng),土壤碳、氮、水循環(huán)過程是森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中最重要的三種循環(huán)過程。降水量的增加通過改變土壤環(huán)境因素,進(jìn)而影響凋落物分解、土壤碳氮、土壤呼吸、土壤有機(jī)碳礦化等關(guān)鍵生態(tài)過程,勢(shì)必會(huì)對(duì)森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)過程造成重大影響。四川省石棉縣地處大渡河中游干旱河谷區(qū),全年干、濕季節(jié)分明,從上世紀(jì)50至70年代和90年代至今,該地區(qū)降水量呈上升趨勢(shì),尤其2000年初期降水量明顯增加,比上世紀(jì)90年代降水量增加了48%。云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)是該區(qū)域主要的造林樹種。本研究于2013年6月至2015年5月,對(duì)大渡河中游干旱河谷區(qū)石棉縣云南松人工林進(jìn)行增加降水試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)設(shè)置對(duì)照(CK,0 mm·m-2·a-1)、增水10%(A1,80 mm·m-2·a-1)、增水20%(A2,160 mm·m-2·a-1)和增水30%(A3,240 mm.m-2.a-1)4個(gè)處理水平。在研究了增加降水對(duì)云南松人工林凋落葉分解、土壤碳氮、土壤呼吸和土壤有機(jī)碳礦化影響的基礎(chǔ)上,初步探討了云南松人工林土壤碳氮水關(guān)系對(duì)增加降水的響應(yīng)。研究主要結(jié)果如下：(1)云南松人工林凋落葉分解、土壤呼吸和土壤有機(jī)碳礦化及其相關(guān)因素均具有不同的季節(jié)特征。凋落葉分解、土壤呼吸和土壤有機(jī)碳礦化具有濕季快、干季慢的季節(jié)特征；土壤溫度、土壤濕度、土壤全氮、SMBC和SMBN具有濕季高、干季低的季節(jié)特征,土壤硝態(tài)氮和銨態(tài)氮?jiǎng)t具有濕季低、干季高的季節(jié)特征；但STOC沒有明顯的季節(jié)特征。(2)增加降水促進(jìn)了云南松人工林凋落葉分解,促進(jìn)作用大小表現(xiàn)為A1A2A3。增加降水也促進(jìn)了凋落葉木質(zhì)素降解,促進(jìn)作用大小表現(xiàn)為A3A2A1；A1處理促進(jìn)了的纖維素降解,A2和A3抑制了纖維素降解。凋落葉各養(yǎng)分元素釋放模式?jīng)]有受降水量增加的影響。增加降水促進(jìn)了凋落葉C、N、P和K元素的釋放,A1處理促進(jìn)了Ca和Mg元素的釋放,A2和A3處理抑制了Ca和Mg元素的釋放。凋落葉C/N、C/P和木質(zhì)素/N隨分解時(shí)間增加而升高,增加降水提高了凋落葉C/N和C/P,而木質(zhì)素/N在A1處理下降低,在A2和A3處理下提高。(3)增加降水提高了云南松人工林STOC含量,但這種作用不隨增水量的增加而增大；土壤全氮、硝態(tài)氮和銨態(tài)氮含量均隨降水量的增加而降低。在濕季,A1處理提高了SMBC含量,對(duì)SMBN含量無顯著影響,A2處理提高了SMBC和SMBN含量,A3處理降低了SMBC和SMBN含量；在干季, SMBN含量隨降水量的增加而降低,僅A3處理降低了SMBC含量。(4)增加降水提高了云南松人工林土壤有機(jī)碳礦化,但這種作用不隨降水量的增加而增大。相關(guān)分析表明,土壤有機(jī)碳礦化與STOC之間沒有明顯的關(guān)系,與SMBC之間有明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系。增加降水沒有改變土壤有機(jī)碳礦化與STOC的關(guān)系,而A2和A3處理則降低了土壤有機(jī)碳礦化與SMBC的關(guān)系。(5)在降水量增加下,A1處理對(duì)土壤呼吸和土壤碳排放量沒有明顯影響,A2處理促進(jìn)了土壤呼吸并增加了土壤碳排放量,A3處理抑制了土壤呼吸并降低了土壤碳排放量。濕季期間增加降水未對(duì)土壤溫度和濕度造成顯著影響,干季期間增加降水提高了土壤濕度,而土壤溫度未受到影響。土壤呼吸與土壤溫度具有極顯著正指數(shù)關(guān)系,增加降水沒有明顯影響兩者關(guān)系；各處理土壤呼吸的溫度敏感性(Q1o值)分別為2.13(CK)、2.11(A1)、2.11(A2)和2.53(A3),其中A3處理的Qlo值較CK明顯升高∽0.05)。土壤呼吸與土壤濕度具有極顯著二項(xiàng)式關(guān)系,而在降低溫度的影響后,兩者之間沒有顯著相關(guān)性關(guān)系,增加降水也沒有明顯改變它們的關(guān)系；與土壤溫度相比,土壤濕度對(duì)土壤呼吸的影響相對(duì)較小。土壤呼吸與土壤溫度、土壤濕度具有極顯著二元線性關(guān)系,變異解釋量較單因素有明顯提高,增加降水降低了土壤溫度和土壤濕度對(duì)土壤呼吸的綜合影響。土壤呼吸與SMBC、SMBN之間有明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系,A1和A2處理提高了SMBC與土壤呼吸的關(guān)系,A3處理降低了兩者的關(guān)系；僅A1處理提高了SMBN與土壤呼吸的關(guān)系。(6)云南松人工林土壤碳水關(guān)系中,土壤水分與土壤呼吸之間有明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系,增加降水沒有影響土壤碳水關(guān)系。土壤氮水關(guān)系中,土壤水分與土壤硝態(tài)氮、土壤銨態(tài)氮、SMBN之間有明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系。在降水量增加下,A1和A2處理降低了土壤水分與土壤銨態(tài)氮的關(guān)系,A1和A3處理降低了土壤水分與SMBN的關(guān)系。土壤碳氮關(guān)系中,土壤有機(jī)碳與土壤氮之間沒有明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系,增加降水也沒有影響它們的關(guān)系。SMBC與土壤全氮、土壤硝態(tài)氮、土壤銨態(tài)氮之間存在明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系；增加降水降低了SMBC與土壤全氮的關(guān)系,A2和A3處理降低了SMBC與土壤硝態(tài)氮的關(guān)系,A1和A2處理提高了SMBC與土壤銨態(tài)氮、SMBN的關(guān)系,而A3處理僅降低了SMBC與土壤銨態(tài)氮的關(guān)系。土壤呼吸與土壤氮之間有明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系,增加降水降低了土壤呼吸與土壤全氮、土壤硝態(tài)氮的關(guān)系；A3處理降低了土壤呼吸與土壤銨態(tài)氮的關(guān)系；而A1處理提高了土壤呼吸與SMBN的關(guān)系。土壤有機(jī)碳礦化與土壤氮之間存在明顯的關(guān)系,總體上增加降水降低了它們的關(guān)系。土壤碳氮水關(guān)系中,土壤水分總體與土壤碳氮比之間沒有明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系,增加降水也沒有改變它們之間的關(guān)系。僅土壤水分與土壤呼吸/全氮、土壤有機(jī)碳礦化/SMBN之間存在明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系,增加降水降低了它們的關(guān)系。土壤水分與SMBC/SMBN之間雖沒有明顯的相關(guān)關(guān)系,但A2處理提高了兩者的相關(guān)性。綜上,土壤碳氮水關(guān)系對(duì)增加降水的響應(yīng)較為復(fù)雜,要深入揭示增加降水對(duì)土壤碳氮水關(guān)系的影響仍需進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:Global climate warming has caused abnormal changes in the global precipitation pattern. Among them, a significant increase in precipitation is an embodiment of abnormal changes in precipitation patterns. The frequency, range and duration of precipitation increase in recent decades have increased. Forest ecosystems are the largest terrestrial ecosystems, soil carbon, nitrogen, and water circulation. The process is the three most important cycle process in the forest ecosystem. The increase of precipitation is bound to affect the process of litter decomposition, soil carbon and nitrogen, soil respiration, soil organic carbon mineralization and other key ecological processes by changing the soil environmental factors. It is bound to have a significant impact on the process of forest ecosystem. Sichuan Shimian County is located in the Dadu River. In the arid valley area, the dry season is clear throughout the year. From 50 to 70s and 90s of the last century, the precipitation in this area has been increasing, especially in the early 2000, the precipitation increased obviously, and the precipitation in Yunnan (Pinus yunnanensis) is the main tree species in this region compared with the precipitation in 90s of the last century. This study is from June 2013 to 2015. In May, Yunnan pine plantation of Yunnan pine plantation in Shimian County, the middle reaches of Dadu River, was tested. The experiment was set up as control (CK, 0 mm. M-2. A-1), water increase 10% (A1,80 mm. M-2. A-1), water increase 20% (A2160 mm. M-2 A-1) and 30% water increase. The precipitation was studied to decompose the litter decomposition of the pine plantation in Yunnan. On the basis of the influence of soil carbon and nitrogen, soil respiration and soil organic carbon mineralization, the response of soil carbon and nitrogen water relationship in Yunnan pine plantation soil to increasing precipitation was preliminarily discussed. The main results were as follows: (1) the litter decomposition of Yunnan pine plantation, soil respiration and soil organic carbon mineralization and related factors have different seasonal characteristics. Litter decomposition, soil respiration and soil organic carbon mineralization have the seasonal characteristics of fast wet season and slow dry season; soil temperature, soil moisture, soil total nitrogen, SMBC and SMBN have wet season high, dry season low seasonal characteristics, soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen have the seasonal characteristics of low wet season and dry season; but STOC has no obvious seasonal characteristics. (2) Increasing precipitation promoted the decomposition of leaf litter in Yunnan pine plantation, which promoted the effect of increasing precipitation as A1A2A3. increased precipitation and promoted the degradation of lignin in litterleaf leaves. The promotion effect was A3A2A1, A1 treatment promoted cellulose degradation, A2 and A3 inhibited cellulose degradation. The release patterns of nutrient elements in litters were not increased by precipitation. Increasing precipitation promotes the release of C, N, P and K elements in leaves of litters. A1 treatment promotes the release of Ca and Mg elements. A2 and A3 treatment inhibits the release of Ca and Mg elements. (3) increasing precipitation increased the STOC content of Yunnan pine plantation, but this effect did not increase with the increase of water content; the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil decreased with the increase of precipitation. In wet season, A1 treatment improved the content of SMBC and had no significant effect on the content of SMBN, A2 treatment improved the content of SMBC and SMBN, A3 The content of SMBC and SMBN decreased, and the content of SMBN decreased with the increase of precipitation in dry season. Only A3 treatment reduced SMBC content. (4) increasing precipitation increased soil organic carbon mineralization in Yunnan pine plantation, but this effect did not increase with the increase of precipitation. Correlation analysis showed that there was no obvious mineralization between soil organic carbon and STOC. There was a significant relationship with SMBC. Increasing precipitation did not change the relationship between soil organic carbon mineralization and STOC, while A2 and A3 treatments reduced the relationship between soil organic carbon mineralization and SMBC. (5) under the increase of precipitation, A1 treatment had no significant influence on soil respiration and soil carbon emissions, and A2 treatment promoted soil respiration and increased soil respiration. Soil carbon emissions, A3 treatment inhibited soil respiration and reduced soil carbon emissions. During the wet season, increasing precipitation did not affect soil temperature and humidity significantly. During the dry season, increasing precipitation increased soil moisture, while soil temperature was not affected. Soil respiration and soil temperature had a very significant positive exponential relationship with soil soil temperature, and increased precipitation. The temperature sensitivity (Q1o) of soil respiration (Q1o) was 2.13 (CK), 2.11 (A1), 2.11 (A2) and 2.53 (A3), respectively. The Qlo value of A3 treatment was significantly higher than that of CK. Soil respiration and soil moisture had a significant binomial relationship with soil moisture, but there was no significant correlation between them after reducing the effect of temperature. The relationship between soil moisture and soil temperature has little effect on soil respiration. Soil respiration and soil temperature and soil humidity have a very significant two yuan linear relationship, and the variation of soil moisture is significantly higher than that of single factor, and the increase of precipitation reduces soil temperature and soil humidity. There was a significant correlation between soil respiration and SMBC and SMBN. A1 and A2 treatment improved the relationship between SMBC and soil respiration, A3 treatment reduced the relationship between the two. Only A1 treatment improved the relationship between SMBN and soil respiration. (6) there was a relationship between soil water and soil respiration in the soil water relationship of Yunnan pine plantation soil. In the relationship of soil nitrogen and water, there was a significant correlation between soil moisture and soil nitrate nitrogen, soil ammonium nitrogen and SMBN. Under the increase of precipitation, A1 and A2 treatment reduced the relationship between soil moisture and soil ammonium nitrogen, A1 and A3 treatment reduced soil moisture and SMBN. In the relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen, there is no significant correlation between soil organic carbon and soil nitrogen, and increasing precipitation does not affect the relationship between.SMBC and soil total nitrogen, soil nitrate nitrogen and soil ammonium nitrogen; increasing precipitation reduces the relationship between SMBC and total nitrogen in soil, A2 and A3 treatment reduce SMBC and SMBC The relationship between soil nitrate nitrogen, A1 and A2 treatment increased the relationship between SMBC and soil ammonium nitrogen and SMBN, while A3 treatment only reduced the relationship between SMBC and soil ammonium nitrogen. There was a significant correlation between soil respiration and soil nitrogen, and increased precipitation decreased the relationship between soil respiration and soil total nitrogen and soil nitrate nitrogen; A3 treatment reduced soil respiration. The relationship between soil ammonium nitrogen and soil nitrogen, and A1 treatment improved the relationship between soil respiration and SMBN. There was a significant relationship between soil organic carbon mineralization and soil nitrogen. In general, increasing precipitation reduced their relationship. In the relationship between soil carbon and nitrogen water, there was no significant correlation between soil moisture and soil carbon and nitrogen ratio, and no precipitation increased. There is a significant correlation between soil moisture and soil respiration / total nitrogen, soil organic carbon mineralization, /SMBN, and the relationship between soil moisture and SMBC/SMBN. Although there is no significant correlation between soil moisture and SMBC/SMBN, A2 treatment improves the correlation between the two. The response of increasing precipitation is more complicated. It is still necessary to further reveal the effect of increasing precipitation on soil carbon, nitrogen and water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S714

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