發(fā)布時間：2018-06-11 23:42

  本文選題：不同林齡 + 不同海拔�。� 參考：《云南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤有機碳和氮素是土壤養(yǎng)分的重要組成部分,二者都反映土壤質(zhì)量狀況,是評價土壤肥力和土地持續(xù)利用的重要指標(biāo)。土壤有機碳主要儲存于團聚體中,其是影響土壤團聚結(jié)構(gòu)的最重要因素之一,它在團聚體內(nèi)的分配狀況直接影響到土壤水穩(wěn)性團粒結(jié)構(gòu)的形成與穩(wěn)定性,并且團聚體形成作用被認為是土壤固碳的最重要機制,氮素是植物生長必需的營養(yǎng)元素,又是陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)大多數(shù)植物光合作用和初級生產(chǎn)過程中最易受限制的元素之一,在陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能中起重要作用。近年來,西雙版納地區(qū)由于橡膠林的大面積種植,導(dǎo)致原始林被嚴重破壞,隨之而來的是生態(tài)環(huán)境日益惡化,土壤肥力下降,水土流失等問題日益嚴重。本研究選擇西雙版納境內(nèi)不同林齡及不同海拔橡膠林為研究對象,分析其土壤理化性質(zhì)總體特征、水穩(wěn)性團聚體穩(wěn)定性、水穩(wěn)性團聚體有機碳、全氮特征及其相互關(guān)系,從而研究橡膠林土壤團聚體有機碳、全氮變化機理,同時與原始林進行對比,分析植被變化下土壤碳氮變化趨勢,為西雙版納地區(qū)橡膠林合理種植及土壤肥力恢復(fù)提供參考依據(jù),主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)西雙版納地區(qū)橡膠林土壤自然含水率在21.01-31.51%,土壤容重在1.45-1.82 g.cm-3,土壤總孔隙度在31.22-43.50%;橡膠林及原始林土壤中,砂粒組分占比均值為14.01%,粉砂組分占比均值為69.91%,黏粒組分占比均值為16.08%,其土壤類型以粉砂壤土為主,其次為砂壤土和壤土;土壤有機碳含量在5.16-20.13 g·kg~(-1),土壤全氮含量0.14-2.06 g·kg~(-1),土壤全磷含量在0.24-0.32g·kg~(-1),土壤全鉀含量在8.01-19.75 g·kg~(-1),其中有機碳、全氮、全磷含量自1950年代至今大致呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢,但近十年有所回升,全鉀含量自1990年代至今呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,這都得益于更加科學(xué)合理的人工管理。(2)土壤有機碳、全氮平均含量原始林15a5a25a,其隨土層的加深而降低,不同海拔橡膠林土壤有機碳、全氮均值變化范圍分別在8.32-11.95 g·kg~(-1)、0.51-1.28 g·kg~(-1),最低值出現(xiàn)在海拔850m處,海拔對橡膠林土壤全氮含量的影響更大,林齡和海拔對橡膠林土壤有機碳、全氮含量的影響主要體現(xiàn)在表層(0-15cm)土壤。(3)粒徑2mm的土壤水穩(wěn)性團聚體含量原始林15a25a5a,粒徑0.25mm的土壤水穩(wěn)性團聚體含量5a25a15a原始林,林齡對土壤大粒徑和最小粒徑團聚體影響較大;土壤結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性表現(xiàn)為原始林15a25a5a,且表層土壤穩(wěn)定性要高于下層土壤,林齡對橡膠林土壤結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性影響較大;海拔850m處橡膠林土壤結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性最差,海拔950m處橡膠林土壤結(jié)構(gòu)綜合穩(wěn)定性最好,海拔1050m處橡膠林表層土壤結(jié)構(gòu)最穩(wěn)定,但垂直穩(wěn)定性最差。(4)土壤水穩(wěn)性團聚體有機碳、全氮含量表現(xiàn)為原始林15a5a25a,海拔850m橡膠林土壤水穩(wěn)性團聚體有機碳、全氮含量最低,在2mm、2-0.25mm、0.25mm粒徑上均值分別為8.07g·kg~(-1)、9.27 g·kg~(-1)、6.99 g·kg~(-1)和0.5g·kg~(-1)、0.56g·kg~(-1)、0.46 g·kg~(-1)。各粒徑土壤水穩(wěn)性團聚體有機碳、全氮含量隨土層加深而遞減,在同一土層上,各粒徑水穩(wěn)性團聚體有機碳、全氮含量大小順序為:2-0.25mm、2mm、0.25mm,大團聚體(0.25mm)有機碳、全氮含量占主要部分,占比均在60%以上,是土壤總有機碳、全氮的主要貢獻載體。(5)土壤總有機碳、全氮含量與水穩(wěn)性團聚體有機碳、全氮含量呈極顯著正相關(guān)(P0.01),水穩(wěn)性團聚體粒級分布與其有機碳、全氮含量關(guān)系十分密切。不同林型土壤C/N表現(xiàn)為原始林5a25a15a,不同海拔橡膠林各粒徑水穩(wěn)性團聚體土壤C/N值范圍在8.32-17.59,其中只有海拔850m橡膠林高于15,均值為17.09。土壤總有機碳含量與土壤全氮含量之間關(guān)系極顯著(P0.01),有機碳含量對土壤C/N影響不大,但氮素含量直接影響土壤C/N,各粒徑水穩(wěn)性團聚體土壤C/N也直接影響土壤全氮的增減;土壤總C/N與各粒徑水穩(wěn)性團聚體土壤C/N極顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),且各水穩(wěn)性團聚體土壤C/N之間相互影響顯著(P0.01),表明土壤團聚體之間碳氮相互聯(lián)系又相互制約,始終維持在一個平衡的水平。(6)總體來說,原始林轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄鹉z林之后,土壤結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性變差,有機碳、全氮含量降低,土壤質(zhì)量下降,但加以合理的人工管理,在加上橡膠林生長過程中生態(tài)環(huán)境趨于穩(wěn)定,其土壤抗侵蝕能力能夠得以加強,水土保持功能能夠得到一定恢復(fù)。
[Abstract]:Soil organic carbon and nitrogen are important components of soil nutrients. The two all reflect the quality of soil. It is an important index to evaluate soil fertility and land use. Soil organic carbon is mainly stored in aggregates. It is one of the most important factors affecting the structure of soil reunion. The distribution of soil organic carbon has a direct impact on the distribution of soil reunion. The formation and stability of soil water stable pellet structure, and the formation of aggregates are considered as the most important mechanism for soil carbon fixation. Nitrogen is the essential nutrient element for plant growth. It is also one of the most restrictive elements in the photosynthesis of most terrestrial ecosystems and in the primary production process, and in the terrestrial ecosystem function. In recent years, due to the large area planting of rubber forest in Xishuangbanna area, the original forest has been seriously damaged. The following problems are the worsening ecological environment, the decline of soil fertility, and the serious soil erosion. This study selected the different forest ages and different altitudes in Xishuangbanna as the research object and analyzed it. The overall characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties, stability of water stable aggregates, water stable aggregate organic carbon and total nitrogen characteristics and their relationship, thus study the mechanism of organic carbon and total nitrogen change in soil aggregate of rubber forest, and compare with the original forest, analyze the change trend of soil carbon and nitrogen under the change of vegetation, which is a reasonable species of rubber forest in Xishuangbanna area. The main research results are as follows: (1) the natural moisture content of the soil in Xishuangbanna rubber forest is 21.01-31.51%, the soil bulk density is 1.45-1.82 g.cm-3, the total soil porosity is 31.22-43.50%, and the average value of the sand composition is 14.01% in the rubber forest and the original forest soil, and the mean value of the silt composition is 69.91%. The soil types are mainly silty loam soil, followed by sandy loam and loam soil, and soil organic carbon content in 5.16-20.13 g kg~ (-1), soil total nitrogen content 0.14-2.06 G. Kg~ (-1), total soil phosphorus content in 0.24-0.32g kg~ (-1), soil total potassium content in 8.01-19.75, including organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. From 1950s to the present, the content of the total potassium content rose slightly, but the total potassium content rose from 1990s to the present, which benefited from the more scientific and reasonable artificial management. (2) the soil organic carbon, the average total nitrogen content of the original forest 15a5a25a, decreased with the depth of the soil, and the soil organic carbon in different altitudes of rubber forests. The variation range of total nitrogen was in 8.32-11.95 G. Kg~ (-1) and 0.51-1.28 G. Kg~ (-1). The lowest value appeared at the altitude of 850m. The influence of altitude on the total nitrogen content of the soil of rubber forest was greater. The influence of forest age and altitude on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content was mainly in the surface layer (0-15cm) soil. (3) the soil water stable aggregate with the particle size 2mm. The content of soil water stable aggregate content of 0.25mm in the original forest 15a25a5a, the soil water stable aggregate content of 5a25a15a original forest, the forest age has great influence on the soil size and the minimum particle size aggregate, the stability of the soil structure is the original forest 15a25a5a, and the stability of the surface soil is higher than the lower soil, and the forest age has a great influence on the stability of the soil structure of the rubber forest. The stability of the soil structure was the worst in the rubber forest at 850m. The soil structure of rubber forest was the best stability at 950m altitude. The soil structure of the rubber plantation was the most stable at the altitude of 1050m, but the vertical stability was the worst. (4) the soil water stable aggregate organic carbon, the total nitrogen content was the original forest 15a5a25a, the soil water stable aggregate in the altitude 850m rubber forest soil water stabilized aggregate. Organic carbon and total nitrogen are the lowest. The average size of 2mm, 2-0.25mm, and 0.25mm is 8.07g. Kg~ (-1), 9.27 G. Kg~ (-1), 6.99 G. Kg~ (-1) and 8.07g. The soil water stable aggregate organic carbon, the total nitrogen content decreases with the soil layer deepened, and the water stable aggregates of each particle on the same layer are in the same soil layer. 2-0.25mm, 2mm, 0.25mm, large aggregate (0.25mm) organic carbon, the total nitrogen content is the main part, the total nitrogen content is more than 60%, and the main contribution carrier of total organic carbon and total nitrogen. (5) total soil organic carbon, total nitrogen content and water stable aggregate organic carbon, total nitrogen content is very significant positive correlation (P0.01), water stable The grain size distribution of sexual aggregates is closely related to the content of organic carbon and total nitrogen. The C/N of different forest type soils is 5a25a15a, and the C/N value of water stable aggregate soil of different grain sizes at different altitudes is 8.32-17.59, of which only the altitude 850m rubber forest is higher than 15, the mean is the total organic carbon content of 17.09. soil and the total nitrogen content of soil. There was a very significant relationship (P0.01). Organic carbon content had little effect on soil C/N, but nitrogen content had a direct effect on soil C/N, and the soil C/N also directly affected the increase or decrease of soil total nitrogen; the total C/N of the soil was significantly related to C/N in the water stable aggregate soil of each grain size (P0.01), and the soil C/N of each water stable aggregate soil was reciprocal to each other. The effect was significant (P0.01), indicating that the carbon and nitrogen interconnections between soil aggregates were mutually restricted and maintained at a balanced level. (6) in general, after the transformation of the original forest into rubber forest, the stability of the soil structure became worse, the organic carbon, total nitrogen content decreased, and the soil quality decreased, but the growth of the rubber forest was added to the growth of the rubber plantation. During the process, the ecological environment tends to be stable, and its soil erosion resistance ability can be strengthened, and the function of soil and water conservation can be recovered.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S714.2

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