本文選題：好氧堆肥 + 原位觀測�。� 參考：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：好氧堆肥是一種處理固體有機廢棄物的經(jīng)濟環(huán)保的有效手段,目前得到國內外的廣泛關注。一直以來國內外學者都注重對堆肥過程中復雜的物理、化學和生物學變化的研究。但是當前研究大部分是限于實驗室內的模擬試驗或者室外小型成堆試驗,而對于有機肥生產(chǎn)過程中物質的變化情況研究的較少。本文以牛糞堆肥體系為觀測對象,對有機肥生產(chǎn)過程進行原位觀測,揭示在有機肥實際生產(chǎn)過程中的堆料理化性狀的變化情況以及酶活性的動態(tài)變化,旨在為進一步優(yōu)化有機肥堆肥工藝提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。本研究的主要結果如下:在有機肥實際生產(chǎn)過程中,肥堆的溫度呈先上升后下降的趨勢,堆肥初期堆體溫度均在40°C左右,高于環(huán)境溫度;堆肥過程中的初始含水率在53%-64%間,三條堆之間存在差異,堆肥結束時有機肥料的含水率在20%-30%間,含水率與堆肥過程中的銨態(tài)氮含量、有機碳含量、脲酶活性以及硝酸還原酶活性之間都存在顯著性相關關系;在整個堆肥過程中pH的變化不是特別明顯,在7.6-8.3的范圍內呈下降后上升再下降的趨勢波動;在堆肥的升溫期和高溫期,3條堆有機碳含量是快速下降的,但是1,2,3條堆的有機碳含量分別在堆肥的第35天,第25天和第26天有一個上升過程,隨著生產(chǎn)過程的進行,生產(chǎn)線上堆與堆之間的變化存在一定的差異,堆肥的后期有機碳含量在270 g/kg左右趨于穩(wěn)定;堆肥過程中銨態(tài)氮的含量一直是下降的,室內模擬試驗的結果是銨態(tài)氮含量有一個先上升再下降的過程,兩者產(chǎn)生差異是因為在實際有機肥生產(chǎn)中前期翻堆較頻繁,大量氨氣揮發(fā)到空氣中沒有形成銨態(tài)氮;硝態(tài)氮在堆肥初期含量較低,堆肥第5天有一個上升過程,第12天便趨于平穩(wěn);堆肥過程中的脲酶活性與亞硝酸還原酶的活性呈下降趨勢,脲酶活性與銨態(tài)氮含量、有機碳含量之間存在顯著性相關,亞硝酸還原酶活性與含水率變化以及有機碳的變化之間也存在顯著性相關;硝酸還原酶在堆肥過程中呈先上升后下降趨勢。在整個堆肥過程中含水率、有機碳含量、銨態(tài)氮含量都是不斷下降的,酶活性也呈下降趨勢,整個堆肥過程都是一個微生物反應與物料消耗的過程,所以在堆肥前應充分考慮物料的含水率以及物料配比與堆肥周期的協(xié)調。
[Abstract]:Aerobic composting is an effective way to treat solid organic waste, which is widely concerned at home and abroad. Scholars at home and abroad have been focusing on the complex physical, chemical and biological changes in composting. However, most of the current studies are limited to laboratory simulation tests or outdoor small-scale piling tests, but less research is done on the changes of substances in the process of organic fertilizer production. In this paper, the in-situ observation of the process of organic fertilizer production was carried out with the cattle manure composting system as the observation object, to reveal the changes of the heaping characters and the dynamic changes of enzyme activity in the actual production of organic manure. The aim is to provide data support for further optimizing the composting process of organic manure. The main results of this study are as follows: during the actual production of organic fertilizer, the temperature of the compost increased first and then decreased, the initial composting temperature was about 40 擄C, which was higher than the environmental temperature, and the initial moisture content in composting process was between 53% and 64%. At the end of composting, the moisture content of organic fertilizer ranged from 20% to 30%. There was a significant correlation between moisture content and ammonium nitrogen content, organic carbon content, urease activity and nitrate reductase activity during composting. In the whole composting process, the change of pH was not especially obvious, and the content of organic carbon in the three piles of compost decreased rapidly in the range of 7.6-8.3, and then increased and then decreased in the range of 7.6-8.3, and the content of organic carbon in the three piles decreased rapidly during the heating and high temperature periods of composting. However, the organic carbon content of 1 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 3 piles increased on the 35th day, the 25th day and the 26th day of composting respectively. With the development of the production process, there was a certain difference between the reactor and the reactor on the production line. The content of organic carbon tended to be stable at the later stage of composting, and the content of ammonium nitrogen decreased all the time during composting. The results of laboratory simulation test showed that the content of ammonium nitrogen increased first and then decreased. The difference was due to the fact that in the early period of actual organic fertilizer production, the amount of ammonia volatilized into the air and no ammonium nitrogen was formed, and the content of nitrate nitrogen was lower at the beginning of composting, and there was a rising process on the 5th day of composting. On the 12th day, urease activity and nitrite reductase activity decreased, and there was a significant correlation between urease activity and ammonium nitrogen content, organic carbon content. There was also a significant correlation between nitrite reductase activity and the change of water content and organic carbon, and nitrate reductase increased first and then decreased during composting. In the whole composting process, the moisture content, organic carbon content, ammonium nitrogen content are all decreasing, and the enzyme activity is also decreasing. The whole composting process is a process of microbial reaction and material consumption. Therefore, the moisture content of materials and the coordination of composting cycle should be considered before composting.
【學位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S141.4

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